accomplished, it would seem necessary that the following points should be gained: viz.

1. Christians should be taught clearly to understand and fully to admit, that it is the DUTY of the Church at large, and of every Member as a constituent part of the Church, to institute and sustain all proper measures for the Conversion of the World; and, with reliance on Divine Aid, to push forward these measures, till the work shall be done. Though there may be, extensively, a vague acknowledgment of this duty, yet it is far from being well apprehended or deeply felt. We often hear it said, indeed, that nothing but a knowledge of facts is necessary to induce Christians to do their duty. Without denying that a knowledge of facts is indispensable to a full performance of duty, it may be asserted, with great confidence, that if Christians were deeply convinced what their duty is in regard to the Heathen, they would not willingly remain ignorant of those facts, relative to the moral condition of the world and the progress of the Missionary Cause, which serve to explain and enforce their duty, and encourage to the performance of it. They'must be shewn the indispensable obligations under which their Creator and Redeemer has placed them.

2. When the minds of Christians are thoroughly instructed, as to the Duty of sending the Gospel to the Pagan Nations, the next step is, to shew in How DEPLORABLE A CONDITION these nations are without the Gospel-how ignorant of the character of God-how destitute of moral culture and moral restraint -how abandoned to gross wickedness-how entirely without hope in the world to come.

3. When these preparations shall have been made, it will be easier than at present to form a STANDARD OF BENEVOLENCE, by which Christians shall generally feel it a privilege to regulate their charitable efforts. When the greatest revolution ever experienced on earth is to be urged forward, controlled, and guided to a happy issue, all men will see, that the means employed must be numerous, various, and of such a nature as to call forth the active energies of multitudes.

4. All who profess to be followers of Christ must feel their JOINT and their INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY. Here, a great and threatening deficiency must be acknowledged to exist at present. It seems to be taken for granted, by many well-wishers to evangelical effort, that the business of enlightening the nations will proceed well enough of itself-that there is no need of much anxiety on the subject-and that it is quite immaterial, whether a particular Individual, or a particular part of the Church, engage in the work now, or leave it to the contingences of future times. No mistake can be more ruinous than this. If one Individual or one Church can be released from a feeling of responsibility, why may not all? It should be far otherwise. Every man should feel any delay in the work to be a personal calamity, which he should endeavour to avert by all the means in his power. Especially should Ministers of the Gospel, Elders in the Churches, and all Lay-professors, who are distinguished among their brethren for wealth, talents, or influence, consider themselves bound to act constantly under a sense of responsibility: if the work of converting the nations proceeds slowly and heavily, it must be because THEY do not put their hands to it, with all that earnestness which it demands. The responsibility here intended is far different from that which merely prompts a few good wishes, and then leaves the mind in a state of quiescence: it should resemble the lively interest, which true patriots feel when their country is in danger, or when they see great public benefits about to be lost by inattention and delay. The Christian, who is able to render eminent service to the Church, either by his counsels or his pecuniary aid, should no more

think of remitting his care, than a ship-master should abandon his charge, while his vessel is buffeting the waves, or approaching a difficult entrance to a safe harbour. We do not plead for an inconsiderate and profuse devotion of money to religious objects; but for a wise and liberal application of all the means, which God has committed to the discretion of His people. We plead for common sacrifices to be made, with enlightened zeal, for a common object; and that object the worthiest and the noblest, which ever claimed the agency of men.

5. Christians must cultivate a higher degree of MORAL COURAGE than is now common. They must be able to look difficulties and discouragements in the face without dismay. They must expect many occurrences, which will appear, for a time, to be of an adverse character; and which will, in fact, retard the progress of Divine Truth. With many cheering proofs that the day of the world's deliverance cannot be distant, there may still be seasons of disappointment. Impenetrable ignorance and besotted idolatry may, for a time, shut out Christianity from some of the most populous regions of the earth. Persecution may consign to a violent death the pioneers of the Gospel, and their first converts. Wars may drown the voice of the preacher in the din of arms. There may be defections among the chosen messengers of the Churches to the Heathen, and apostates among the fruits of their ministry. The Directors of Missions may be permitted to pursue ill-advised measures, and there may be instances of unsuccessful Missionary Enterprise. But none of these evils, nor all of them combined, should be suffered to dishearten any man; nor will they dishearten any man, whose courage is raised to the proper tone. Indeed, no disappointment, which is within the compass of probability, is half so much to be dreaded as the Apathy of the Churches.

Shall we, of the nineteenth century, be timid and irresolute-slow to action-and easily disconcerted and deterred? Shall we, who have seen what God has wrought, and who behold what He is now doing, distrust His power and His promises? Primitive Christians sustained most furious and bloody persecutions, and triumphed over them; thus transmitting to posterity the Sacred Word and the Ordinances of the Gospel. The Reformers of the Sixteenth Century, confiding in God and the efficacy of His truth, stood unterrified with all Europe leagued against them. And shall Christians of the present day, after the power of the Gospel has been so variously and so signally proved, hesitate, and falter, and support with a divided heart the cause in which they are engaged? If we are content to act in this manner, it is plain that we are not now prepared to be worthy instruments of conveying the Divine Beneficence to our fellow-men. May it not rather be assumed, that, relying on the promised aids of the Holy Spirit, the Ministers and Churches of our land will shew, that a united people, putting forth their energies for the honour of God and the salvation of men, can accomplish such things as have never yet been witnessed on earth? With such anticipations, let us gird ourselves for more vigorous action, trusting that every successive year will furnish new evidence that our work is blessed by the Head of the Church, and that His reign upon earth is soon to become universal.

The present Survey is formed in a manner different from any which have preceded it. The vast number of facts and statements brought together, particularly in the later Surveys, have constituted important records of the state and progress of each Division of the Survey, and of each Station in the several Divisions. It has been thought desirable, however, to attempt the distribution of a

considerable portion of the matter collected in the Survey throughout the Volume, by publishing the substance of each Report and other documents as soon as they appear, and rendering the Survey a repository of general results and conclusions, with constant references to the parts of the preceding Volume where details may be seen. Though, by this plan, the history of each Station will not be seen at once so clearly as when brought together in its proper place in the Survey; yet the references will render it easy to trace such history: while the double advantage will be obtained, of reducing the Survey within a comparatively narrow compass without losing its essential benefits, and of giving the proceedings of the respective Societies as soon as they appear.

EXPLANATION OF THE FOLLOWING SURVEY.

Under each Division is first given an abstract of the chief proceedings of Bible, Tract, and Education Societies, where such are in action; and this is followed by a view of the Stations, Labourers, and Notitia of the different Missionary Societies. The Societies are placed in such order, as the length or sphere of their exertions within the respective Divisions, or other circumstances, seemed to point out.

The Stations are ranged in their usual geographical order. Under each, the following particulars are noticed, so far as information could be obtained—a brief description of the Station, with the date when first occupied-The names of the Missionaries; and, occasionally, those of Assistants, whether Catechists, Schoolmasters, or Artisans; with the number of the Native Assistants-Returns of numbers relative to the Ministry and to Education, with brief notices on the state and prospects of these two main departments of labour-Miscellaneous notices on Publications, the Press, and other matters connected with the Station; with references to the pages of the preceding Volume where particulars relative to such Station will be found.

The abstract of each Society's proceedings, given in the several Divisions of the Survey, is closed by extracts printed across the page, from the communications of the Missionaries or the Reports of the different Societies, whenever such extracts can be obtained as convey brief but comprehensive views of the proceedings or prospects of the different Societies. Such extracts as have reference, more comprehensively, to the state of that Division of the Survey are printed at the end of the Division.

*** The references to pages are always to those of our last Volume, when not otherwise specified.

Western Africa.

STATIONS-LABOURERS-NOTITIA.

CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY.

FOR General View of the Mission, see pp. 6-19 and 302-307 of our last Volume.

SIERRA LEONE.

Freetown: chief town; 5643 inhabitants: 1804-John Godfrey Wilhelm, W. Keeling Betts; G. Fox, Sarah Fox, and other Native Assistants-At Church; congregation 350, communicants 6 to 8: at Gibraltar Chapel; congregation, morn. 100, aft. 20, week-days 15, communicants 14: at the Jail; congregation 90.

Eagerness for Baptism, under a carnal expectation of benefit; but indifference toward the Lord's Supper-Scholars : boys 294, attendance 246; girls 236, attendance 161: respectable Boarding Schools are greatly wanted, to raise the standard of education among the Natives and Coloured Population of the ColonyPp. 382, 477, 526.

Christian Institution, at Fourah Bay: Feb. 18, 1828-C. Lewis Fred. Haensel -Students 8: general deportment satisfactory: give hope of eventually proving useful in the Mission.

RIVER DISTRICT: comprehending the following Stations, lying E and SE of Freetown: Kissey, 4 miles; inhab. 1199: Wellington, 7 miles; inhab. 1419: Allen Town; inhab. 94: Hastings, 13 miles; inhab. 1110: Waterloo, 22 miles; inhab. 1500: Calmont; inhab. 281-G. W. E. Metzger, John Gerber; Edmond Boston, As. & 3 Nat. As.-Congregations; morn. 1340, aft. 560, week-days 368, daily prayer 220: communicants 495. Much lukewarmness among the older Members of the Church in all these Stations-At Hastings, 51 scholars on the Infant System, who delight in their lessons-Pp. 198, 223, 224, 239, 285.

MOUNTAIN DISTRICT: comprehending the following Stations, lying S and SSE of Freetown: Leicester, 4 miles; inhab.

230: Gloucester, 4 miles; inhab. 760: Regent, 6 miles; inhab. 1500: Bathurst, 6 miles; inhab. 950: Charlotte, 7 miles; inhab. 900: Grassfield; inhab. 175—T. Davey; John Weeks, Mrs. Heighway, As. & 3 Nat. As.—Congregations; morn. 1150, aft. 480, week-days 380, daily prayer 280: communicants 298; candidates 113. Increased attention in some: remiss communicants have been stirred up: some candidates earnest, others doubtful-Scholars: General 183; Infant 281; Adult and Sunday 113-Infant Schools highly valued- Pp. 223, 224; and 428 for View of Bathurst.

SEA DISTRICT: comprehending York, 16 miles S of Freetown and 12 SW of Waterloo; inhab. 970: Kent, 9 miles S of York; inhab. 822-York no resident Teacher since January 1828, nor Kent any since November following-Congregation had been; morn. 450, aft. 300, week-days 70; communicants 99-Scholars 55.

I would not be sanguine, nor yet withhold that encouragement which we receive. Of the Candidates for Baptism and the Lord's Supper in the Mountain District, I am ready to exclaim, in respect of many individuals, What hath God wrought! It is assuredly His work (Mr. Davey)—The work of Grace is perceptibly going on, in some Stations. I hope that the distressing accounts of the sickly state of the Colony will not induce the Committee to withhold more aid; nor deter any from coming, who would otherwise consider themselves in the path of duty in doing so (Mr. Betts)I have been encouraged and rejoiced while visiting many sick Communicants: some of them, who could not read, had treasured up in their niemory many passages of Scripture, which afforded them comfort under the chastising hand of God; and placed their entire dependence on the Saviour, saying, Whom have I in heaven but Thee? and there is none upon earth whom I desire beside Thee (Mr. Weeks).

Freetown, with 5 Out-stations in the vicinity; having 3 Stone and 3 Grass Chapels - Members, 228- Scholars; boys 84, girls 43-See pp. 239, 286, 426, for the lamented death of the Missionaries May and Courties, and their successors Monro and Peck.

Bathurst: on St. Mary's, at the mouth of the Gambia: inhabitants, in 1826, were 1026 males and 846 females, chiefly Jaloofs and Mandingoes-1821— Richard Marshall-Public Ordinances well attended: 9 or 10 candidates for baptism: 6 exhort others in their own tongue-P. 6. In all our Societies the work of the Lord is in progress. We have a delightful prospect before us. We already behold the drops before the shower; and are expecting a large effusion of the Holy Spirit, in answer to the united prayers of our Christian friends in every part of the world. Our people are a praying people : every morning, at five o'clock, a prayer-meeting is held in each of our six Chapels; and their praises ring through the towns before the break of day. The work of God must prosper among such a people, and we are persuaded that it will. We labour not only in hope, but our eyes already see Zion in prosperity (Messrs. Monro & Peck: Jan. 1829)-The great loss occasioned to the Society and Congregations by the decease of their laborious and beloved Pastors will, we trust, be regarded by other devoted Young Men, of true Missionary Zeal, voluntarily offering themselves as the self-denying and fearless successors of those who have fallen in the great and sacred work of ministering the Word of Salvation to the benighted Africans (Committee).

AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY.

LIBERIA.

habitants about 1000-1822-Dr. RanMonrovia, the town of this American dall died April 19: Dr. Mechlin is now Colony of Africo-Americans and Libe- Acting Governor-Pp. 9, 151, 355, 382. rated Africans, at Cape Mesurado: in

LIBERIA.

AMERICAN MISSIONARY SOCIETIES.

Of the Societies in the United States, the Baptist (see p. 19) has in the Colony an Africo-American Missionary, Mr Colston M.Waring; and appears to have sent out another to supply the place of the lamented Mr. Lott Carey, of whose death and history see pp. 239, 480–482 -The Episcopal Society has formed an African Mission School (see pp. 334, 426) for the supply of Teachers for Africa. It has experienced a painful loss in the death of Mr. Jacob Oson, mentioned in the last Survey, when just prepared to embark for Liberia-and the Board of Missions remark, in their last Report: "The Committee still regard Western Africa as a very interesting field for Missionary Exertions, though they have not yet been able to obtain suitable persons

LIBERIA.

to enter it. Further correspondence has been had with the Rev. George M. Er. skine, a very respectable Presbyterian Minister in East Tennessee; but it is his opinion, as well as that of the Committee, that he is rather qualified to be useful as a Minister among the Colonists at Liberia, than as a Missionary to the Heathen Tribes: but as he may make statements respecting the condition of the Natives, and otherwise promote the objects of the Board, he has received some aid from the Committee: he is now ready to sail for Liberia. As the climate of Western Africa has generally proved so fatal to White Men, the Committee have not thought it best, under present circumstances, to send them. They hope yet to find suitable Coloured Men, to whom the climate is not unfavourable."

GERMAN MISSIONARY SOCIETY.

G. Adam Kissling, Jacob Fred. Sessing, Rud. Dietshy, John Buehrer, H. E. Graner-A melancholy account is given at pp. 224, 225, of the scattering of the Five Missionaries sent to the Colony in 1828. Mr. Wulff died Dec. 22, 1828: Mr. Handt fixed himself near Cape Mount: Messrs. Sessing & Hegele returned to Europe; and Mr. Kissling only remained in the Colony.

GOLD COAST.

Ussa, a Negro Village, near the Danish Fort Christiansburg: 1828-T. Philip Henckè, C. F. Salbach, Gottlieb Holzwarth, Gottlieb Schmid-arrived Dec. 18, 1828-preach to the European Settlers, in Danish; after these had been deprived of the Means of Grace for 20 years. A Negro School has been opened with good success, and 18 Adult Negroes were under preparation for baptism-Pp. 151, 152. In Liberia, Mr. Handt left his brethren in order to execute a long-cherished plan of settling in some Negro Village: he undertook the care of a School already established among the Vey Nation, who received him with pleasure (Report)— Accounts from Mr. Kissling, of Monrovia, dated July 30, 1829, state that a School opened by him was prospering. Mr. Handt came to his aid on hearing that he had been left solitary. May the unity of the Spirit be kept among Christ's people; but more especially among the Labourers in His vineyard! If the friends of Missions knew how much the work is retarded and dishonoured by those engaged in it, they would pray more fervently, not that many, but that His chosen Labourers may be sent forth as Missionaries (Missionary)—Sept. 15, 1829, Mr. Sessing again left Bâsle, with his Wife and three other Missionaries, for Liberia. They go by Havre and New York, in order to get an opportunity of arranging our relations with the Colonization Society at Washington. May our Lord and Saviour prosper the arduous work of their hands! (Mr. Blumhardt.)

South Africa.

STATIONS-LABOURERS-NOTITIA.

UNITED BRETHREN.

FOR Numerical Returns at the close of 1827, see p. 267 of our last Volume.

HOTTENTOTS.

Groenekloof: 40 miles N of Cape Town: 541 inhab.: 1808-Brn. Clemens,

Tietze, and Lehman (which last arrived, in March, from Europe)-Civilization, in vicinity, advances; but moral evil