The Practical Model Calculator, for the Engineer, Mechanic, Machinist, Manufacturer of Engine-Work, Naval Architect, Miner, and Millwright (Classic Reprint)

Excerpt from The Practical Model Calculator, for the Engineer, Mechanic, Machinist, Manufacturer of Engine-Work, Naval Architect, Miner, and Millwright

Here any figure in the first place, reckoning from right to left, denotes only its own Simple value; but that in the second place denotes ten times its simple value; and that in the third place a hundred times its simple value; and so on; the value of any figure, in each successive place, being always ten times its former value.

Thus, in the number 1796, the 6 in the first place denotes only six units, or simply six; 9 in the second place signifies nine tens, or ninety; 7 in the third place, seven hundred; and the 1 in the fourth place, one thousand; so that the whole number is read thus one thousand seven hundred and ninety-six.

AS to the cipher 0, it stands for nothing of itself, but being joined on the right-hand side to other figures, it increases their value in the same tenfold proportion: thus, 5 signifies only five; but 50 denotes 5 tens, or fifty; and 500 is five hundred; and so on.

For the more easily reading Of large numbers, they are divided into periods and half-periods, each half-period consisting Of three figures; the name of the first period being units; of the second, millions; Of the third, millions Of millions, or bi-millions, contracted to billions; Of the fourth, millions Of millions of millions, or tri millions, contracted to trillions; and so on. Also, the first part of any period is so many units of it, and the latter part so many thousands.

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