Report of Progress in ...Board of Commissioners for the Second Geological Survey, 1800 35 vols. are atlases. |
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66 and shells 66 black 66 blue 66 dark 66 gray 66 white Allegheny county barrels per day beds Berea grit Big Injun Blue Monday bottom Boulder Bradford sand Butler county Chemung Clarion Coal Conductor conglomerate contractor Corniferous limestone Crinoidal Crinoidal limestone deposits Dimick drilled drillers Drive pipe farm Fire clay Fourth sand Greene county hard horizon Hundred foot light Lime Limestone little gas Located McKean county miles Mountain sand mouth above ocean Murrysville ocean in feet Ohio oil and gas Oil Creek oil fields oil group oil rock oil sand oil show outcrop Owners and authority pebbles Pennsylvania Philadelphia Gas Pittsburgh Plate records Red rock Sand shells sandstone Second sand Shells and slate shipments Slate and sand Slate and shells slaty soft Stray T. J. Vandergrift thickness Third sand Thirty foot Tidioute township Unproductive Venango county Venango group Washington county Westmoreland county white sand
Δημοφιλή αποσπάσματα
Σελίδα 24 - ... Pennsylvania as our statistics exhibit can continue for successive generations. It cannot be ; there is a limited amount. Our children will merely, and with difficulty, drain the dregs. I hold the same opinion respecting gas, and for the same reasons, ; with the difference merely that the end will certainly come sooner, and be all the more hastened by the multiplication of the gas-wells, and of the fire-boxes and furnaces to which it is led.
Σελίδα 12 - It is generally understood that the strongest rock pressures obtain in the deepest wells ; and the theory of hydrostatic pressure has been appealed to to account for the fact. No one however has yet been able to work out from actual observations of the phenomena presented by flowing oil and gas wells, any absolute and uniform correspondence between increasing pressures and increasing depths, as compared with the immediately overlying surface, or with distant elevated outcrops of the producing strata....
Σελίδα 13 - This had been the situation for many years, as gas pumps have constantly been in operation in that district since 1869. New wells are occasionally drilled on this exhausted belt, and it invariably happens that when the oil sand is pierced, a current of air commences to whistle down the hole, nor can oil be obtained until the well mouth is closed and a gas pump put in operation. After a few days testing, oil begins to appear, and the production frequently runs from 15 to 20 barrels a day.
Σελίδα 12 - ... pounds per square inch. This has been the situation for many years, as gas pumps have constantly been in operation in that district since 1869. New wells are occasionally drilled on this exhausted belt, and it invariably happens that...
Σελίδα 13 - ... highest gas pressure should maintain itself against rock friction for even so short a distance as 20 miles." In that report (p. 13) Mr. Carll remarks that he has never witnessed or heard of a single circumstance to support the artesian hypothesis, and states that " the theory, as applied to Pennsylvanian oil and gas wells is delusive and untenable, and the cause of the great rock pressure witnessed must, therefore, be sought for in some other direction.
Σελίδα 24 - I take this opportunity to express my opinion in the strongest terms, that the amazing exhibition of oil which has characterized the last twenty, and will probably characterize the next ten or twenty years, is nevertheless, not only geologically but historically, a temporary and vanishing phenomenon — one which young men will live to see come to its natural end.
Σελίδα 23 - ... be profitably drilled, and every year's unsuccessful prospecting outside of the productive belts and of deep drilling within them, makes the outlook for the discovery of new oil horizons less hopeful, that from this time forward we have no reasonable ground for expecting, or even hoping, that these oil fields will continue to supply the world with cheap light as they have in the past and that therefore it is wise to pause and consider how best to husband our remaining resources and make the most...
Σελίδα 98 - the most important single stratum in the entire geological column of Ohio. Its economic value above ground is great, but it is greater below. In its outcrops it is a source of the finest building stone and the best grindstone grit of the country, and when it dips beneath the surface it becomes the repository of valuable supplies of petroleum, gas, and salt water/
Σελίδα 13 - Then as the slight excess of fluid in the immediate vicinity of the hole drains, and an equilibrium is established, the output gradually shrinks to the level of the old wells in the pool. The wells at Triumph are from 600 to 800 feet deep, and usually have only about 200 to 250 feet of casing in them. Consequently some four or five hundred feet of the bore hole is bare rock, equally exposed to the draft of the pump as the oil rock itself. In this uncased portion of the well are the first and second...
Σελίδα 11 - Homewood — the top member of the conglomerate series — thus ranging through four complete divisions of the geological scale Nos. IX, X, XI and XII. We have no warrant for inferring that the older sands are more plentifully charged with gas than those of more recent age ; neither do they seem likely to prove capable of greater endurance under similar treatment ; but, postulating that every gas-pool contains a fixed quantity of gas already stored and awaiting liberation, it is evident that the...