R. Rabbet or Rebate:—A groove or channel în the edge of a board. Rafters-Those timbers which form the inclined sides of a roof. Raking-Means literally inclining, and is applied to those mouldings which, instead of maintaining the horizontal line, are suddenly bent out of their course. Rails. Those pieces in framing which lie in a horizontal position are called rails; those which are perpendicular are called stiles; hence two rails and two stiles inclose a panel. The term is also applied to those pieces in fences or paling which go from post to post. Relief-The projection which a figure has from the ground on which it is carved Return. That part of any work which falls away from the line in front. Ridge. The highest part of a roof, or the timber against which the rafters pitch. Riser That board in stairs set on edge under the tread or step of the stair. Kustie. This term is applied to those courses of stone-work, the face of which is jagged or pecked so as to present a rough surface. That work also is called rustic in which horizontal and verticall channels are cut in the joinings of the stones, so that when placed together an angular channel is formed at each joint S.. Sash. The framework which holds the squares of glass in a window. Sash-frame. The frame which receives the sash. Scantling-The measure to which a material is to be or has been cut. Scotia. A semicircular concave moulding, chiefly used between the tori in the base of a column. Scribing-Fitting wood-work to an irregular surface. Scroll.-A carved eurvilinear ornament, somewhat resembling in profile the turnings of a ram's horn. Sall. The horizontal piece of timber at the bottom of framing the term is chiefly applied to those pieces of timber or stone at the bottom of doors or windows. Shaft--The body of a column; that part, between the base and capital. Shore.-A piece of timber placed in an oblique direction to sup port a building or wall. Skirting. The narrow boards placed round an apartment against the walls, and standing vertically on the floor. Sleepers.-Pieces of timber placed on the ground to support the ground-joists, or other woodwork. Soffit.-A term applied to a frame or paneling overhead, or to a lining, such as that which is fixed in the underside of the tops of windows. Stiles-The upright pieces in framing or paneling. Struts.-Pieces of timber which support the rafters. Summer.-A large piece of timber supported by piers or posts; when it supports a wall, it is called a breast-summer, or bres summer. T. Tenon.-A piece of wood so formed as to be received into a hole. in another piece called a mortice. Throat. That hollow which terminates the upper end of the shaft of a column. Tongue. That projecting piece at the end of a board which is formed to be inserted into a groove. Torus.-A moulding that has a convex semicircular or semielliptical profile. Transom -A piece that is framed across a double window-light. Trellis. An open framing, pieces crossing each other so as to form diamond or lozenge-shaped openings. Tryglyphs.-Ornaments in the Doric frieze consisting of a square projection with two angular channels, the edges of each forming half a channel. They are placed immediately over the centre of a column; their width is generally one module. Trimmers.-Pieces of timber framed at right angles to the joist for chimneys, and the well-holes of stairs. Tympanum.-The space inclosed by the inclined and horizontal sides of a pediment. V. Valley -The space between two inclined sides of a roof, Vaults.-Underground buildings with arched ceilings, whether eircular or elliptical. Vertex.--The top or summit of a pointed body, as of a cone. Voussoirs-The stones which compose the face of an arch, having a somewhat wedge-shaped form. W. Wall-plates.-The timbers built up with a wall, to carry the joists. Weather-boarding.-Weather-edge boards, fixed vertically, so as to lap over one another. Well-hole.-The aperture left in floors to bring up the stairs. GLUES. Parchment Glue. Parchment shavings 1 pound; water 6 quarts. Boil until dissolved, then strain and evaporate slowly to the proper consistence. Use a water bath if you want it very light colored. Japanese Cement, or Rice Glue. Rice flour; water, sufficient quantity. Mix together cold, then bring the mixture to a boil, stirring it all the time. Observe to boil it in a vessel that will not color it. Japanners Gold Size. Gum ammoniac 1 pound; boiled oil 8 ounces; spirits of turpentine 12 ounces. Melt the gum, then add the oil, and lastly the spirits of turpentine. Gold Size. Yellow ochre I part; copal varnish 2 parts; linseed oil 3 parts; turpentine 4 parts; boiled oil 5 parts. Mix. The ochre must be in the state of the finest powder, and ground with a little of the oil before mixing. Glue Liquid Glue, water, vinegar, each 2 parts. Dissolve in a water-bath, then add alcohol 1 part. An excellent cement. Transparent Liquid Japan for Metal. Copal varnish 35 parts; camphor 1 part; boiled oil 2 parts. Mix. Portable Glue for Draughtsmen, &c. Glue 5 parts; sugar 2 parts; water 8 parts. Melt in a waterbath, and cast it in moulds. For use, dissolve in warm water. Waterproof Glue. 1. Glue I part; skimmed milk 8 parts. Melt and evaporate in a water-bath to the consistence of strong glue. Mix 2. Glue 12 parts; water sufficient to dissolve. Then add yellow resin 3 parts, and when melted add turpentine 4 parts thoroughly together. This should be done in a water-bath. PAPERS. Take a solution of alum and dip the paper into it, then throw it over a line to dry. This is suitable to all sorts of paper, whether plain or colored, as well as textile fabrics. You must try a slip of the paper in the flame of a candle, and if not sufficiently prepared dip and try it a second time. Black Edge Paper. Blacklead 11 parts; common ink 22 parts; dissolved gum-arabic 1 part. Mix. Then with a sponge lay the color on the edge of the paper, previously placed in the cutting-press, rub it in with a piece of cloth, and burnish. The edge of the paper must be rendered perfectly smooth before applying the black. To Stain Paper or Parchment. Red-Brazil 12 parts; water 70 parts; alum 5 parts. Boil. 1. Blue.-Sulphate of indigo. Water to dilute. 2. Prussian blue 2 parts; muriatic acid 1 part. Water to dilute. 3. Logwood 4 parts; water 30 parts; sulphate of copper 1 part. Mix. Green.-Crystals of verdigris 2 parts; vinegar 1 part. Water to dilute. Yellow.-French berries, water, and a little alum. Boil. Purple.-Logwood 2 parts; alum 1 part; water 20 parts. Boil. The addition of a little gum to the above renders them suitable for coloring maps, &c. Paper for Draughtsmen, &c. Powdered tragacanth 1 part; water 10 parts. Dissolve and strain through clean gauze, then lay it smoothly with a painter's brush on the paper, previously stretched on a board. This paper will take either oil or water colors. Copying Paper. Lay open your quire of paper (clean white, of large size), take the brush and cover it with the following varnish, then hang it up on the line; take another sheet and repeat the operation, until you have finished your quantity. If not clear enough, give each sheet another coat when dry :-Canada balsam, turpentine, equal parts. Mix. Liquid Gold, for Vellum, &c. Take gold-leaf and grind it with gum-water; then add a small quantity of bichloride of mercury, and bottle for use. Liquid Silver, for Vellum, &c. Take silver-leaf and grind it, with gum-water or glair of egg. Paper that Resists Moisture. Take unsized paper, lay it flat on a clean surface, and brush it over with a solution of mastic in oil of turpentine; or plunge it into the solution and hang it up to dry. This paper possesses all the usual qualities of writing paper, with the advantage of resisting moisture. To Detect the presence of Plaster in Paper. Calcine the paper in a close vessel, and dilute the residue with vinegar, in a silver spoon; if sulphuretted hydrogen is disengaged, which blackens the spoon, the presence of a sulphate (plaster) will be shown. This adulteration has lately become very common among the paper-makers, with the view of increasing the weight. Waxed Paper. Take cartridge or other paper, place it on a hot iron and rub it with beeswax, or make a solution of the wax in turpentine, and apply it with a brush. Useful for making water or air-proof pipes, for chemical experiments, &c. To extract Grease Spots from Paper. Apply a little powdered pipe-clay, on which place a sheet of paper, then use a hot iron. Remove the adhering powder with a piece of India-rubber. Papier Mâché. Take paper, any quantity. Boil it well, then pound it to a paste, and mould. Used in making toys, snuff-boxes, &c. To Gild the Edges of Paper. to Armenian bole 4 parts; sugar candy 1 part. White of egg mix. Apply this composition to the edge of the leaves, previously firmly screwed in the cutting-press; when nearly dry smooth the surface with the burnisher; then take a damp sponge and pass over it, and with a piece of cotton-wool take the leaf from the cushion and apply it to the work; when quite dry burnish, observing to place a piece of silver or India paper between the gold and the agate. Tracing Paper. Nut oil 4 parts; turpentine 5 parts. Mix, and apply it to the paper, then rub it dry with wheat flour, and brush it over with oxgall. This will bear writing on. Lithographic Paper. Give the paper 3 coats of thin size, 1 of starch, and 1 of solution of gamboge. Each to be applied with a sponge, and allowed to dry before the next is applied. Hydrographic Paper. This name has been given to paper which may be written on with water. It may be made by rubbing paper over with a mixture of finely powdered galls and sulphate of iron heated till it becomes white. The powder may be pressed into the paper by passing it between rollers, or passing a heavy iron over it. A mixture of dried sulphate of iron and ferro-prussiate of potash may be used for blue writing. Or the paper may be imbued with a strong solution of one ingredient thoroughly dried, and the other applied in powder. Paper which has been wet with a solution of ferro |