whose back is even, and its breast bunchy. (4.) The Pacos, which has no bunch at all.

has two small openings for nostrils:
its eyes move much, and often with
a contrary motion: it has no neck;
its back is sharp, and its skin grained
It can hang to the
like shagreen.
branches of trees by its feet or tail.
To catch flies, it can dart its tongue
to the length of its whole body, and
just contract it again. Some came-
lions in Egypt, the tail included, are
a foot long; but those in Arabia are
not much above the half. A came-
lion neither feeds on air, nor changes
colours in the manner some have as-

Though camels chewed the cud, yet, as the division of their feet was not complete, they are marked out by the law as unclean; and may represent wicked persons, haughty, and revengeful, Lev. xi. 4. Deut. xiv. 7. The Jews were like swift dromedaries traversing their ways, for their levity and inconstancy in God's service, Jer. ii. 23. Multitudes of camels, and dromedaries, of Midian, Ephah, Shebah, and flocks of Kedar; and Nebai-serted; yet it is more bluish, and oth covering the church, imports, that less beautiful, in the shade, than when the Arabs in the apostolic age, and the exposed to the sun, where it appears Mahometans in the Millennium, shall a darker grey, and beautifully spotted. be converted to Christ, and use their And if it be wrapped in fine linen power and wealth in his service, Isa. cloth, it will sometimes become white. Nay, it can make a number of varia1x. 6-8.* CAMELION, or CHAMELEON, ations in its appearance. It will apkind of lizard, with a long flat tail, and usually of a greenish yellow co-ininutes, appear as lean as a very lour. On each of its four feet it has five toes, two or three of which adhere together. Its snout is long: it

pear plump and fat, and yet, in a few

skin. It was unclean under the law, and might represent the seed of the old serpent, extremely unsubstantial

The camel appears fond of music. In loaded camels, each of which carries from their long journeys over the deserts of A-600 to 1200 pounds weight, in proportion rabia, they require neither whip nor spur, to their difference of strength; and of this but when they begin to get tired, their the animal informs its driver by refusing courage is supported, or rather their fa- to go when overloaded, and continues lytigue is charmed, by singing, or by the ing until its burden is lightened. He gesound of some instrument. Their con- nerally lives about 40 and sometimes 50 ductors relieve each other in singing; and years. when they want to prolong the journey, they give the animals but one hour's rest, and a ball of paste; after which, resuming their song, they proceed on their march.

This animal from its youth is treated by the Arabs extremely harsh. A few days after its birth, they fold its limbs under its belly, force it to remain on the ground, The camel can scent a pool of water at and in this situation, load it with a pretty the distance of half a league, and when he heavy weight, which is never removed but comes to it, drinks a prodigious quantity; for the purpose of replacing a greater.for which purpose, Providence hath pro- They regulate its meals, and by degrees vided him with a fifth stomach, which is inure it to fatigue, long journeys, and then peculiar to this animal, and in which his train it to the course; after which it is water remains without corrupting, or mix-turned into the caravans, and is obliged to ing with the other aliment. This supply of traverse during its life, a region sufficiently water he makes use of in such quantities | hot and parched to kill any other animal as lasts him his journey, which sometimes but itself. Notwithstanding this, they econtinues for several weeks, and his absti-steem the camel as a present from heaven, a sacred animal, without whose assistance nence continues as long: when thirsty he makes a part of this water mount into his they could neither subsist, carry on trade, paunch, or even as high as the esophagus, nor travel.-With them they not only want by a simple contraction of certain muscles. nothing, but have nothing to fear-At the The Arabs frequently perform a jour-rate they march, all the armies of the world ney of 300 leagues in 8 days with their would perish in pursuit of a troop of Arabs.

and unstedfast in every thing good, || clean and leprous sinners, suffered Levit. xi. 30.* without the gate, and his ashes, the CAMP, the lodgment of an army || virtue of his death, chiefly extends to

the once outcast Gentiles, it becomes us to go without the camp of carnal societies, bearing his reproach, willingly exposing ourselves to shame and danger for his sake. Compare Deut. xxiii. 10. Numb. xix. 3. Exod. xxix. 14. Heb. xiii. 10. The camp of the saints, is the church regularly

principalities and powers, Rev. xx. 9. TO CAMP, ENCAMP, to set up tents to lodge in them, in the manner of an army, or to besiege a city, Numb. i. 50. 1 Sam. xi. 1. God and his angels encamp about his people, when they watch over, and give them re

in the open air, 1 Sam. iv. 7. Nothing could be more exactly regulated than the camp of the Hebrews in the desart. The tabernacle was placed in the midst of it. Moses, Aaron, and their families, had their tents on the east of it. On the south pitched the Kohathites: on the west, the Gershonites on the north, the Merar-ranked, and prepared to fight with ites. Thus it was encompassed by the LEVITES, which did the service thereof. Before the tabernacle, on the east side thereof, was the camp of Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun, containing 186,400 men fit for war: on the south, the camp of Reuben, Simeon, and Gad, containing 151,400 :markable protection, Zech. ix. 8.on the west, the camp of Ephraim, Psal. xxxiv. 7. God camps against a Manasseh, and Benjamin, containing place, when he surrounds it with fear108,100 on the north, was the camp ful judgments, or permits an enemy of Dan, Asher, and Naphtali, con- to lay siege to it, Isa. xxix. 3. God's taining 157,600. The camps of the troops encamped about Job's tabernaGreeks, but especially of the Ro-cle, when numerous troubles beset mans, were pretty similar to that of the Hebrews. When the Israelites marched, they had a triple warning by the silver trumpets; one, to pack up their baggage; a second, to assemble to their standard; and a third, to begin their march. The camp of Judah marched first; the tabernacle was then taken down; and the Gershonites and Merarites, laying the boards on waggons, followed. Upon a second alarm, the camp of Reuben marched; the Kohathites followed, with the more sacred furniture of the tabernacle on their shoulders. Next followed the camp of Ephraim, Psal. lxxx. 1, 2; and that of Dan brought

up

the rear, Numbers i. ii. iv. and x. As Jesus, standing in the room of un

him on every side, Job xix. 12. The grashoppers camp in the hedges during the summer; they lodge there in vast numbers, Nah. iii. 17.

CAMPHIRE. The tree is a kind of bay or laurel; some of them are 300 feet high, and can scarce be grasped by 20 men: every part of it abounds with the camphire drug, which is neither rosin, volatile salt, nor oily juice, nor bitumen, nor gum; but a mixed substance, dry, white, transparent, and brittle, of a strong, penetrating, fragrant smell, but bitterish taste; which either distils from the tree, or may be extracted by a chymical process. It is of use in fireworks, varnish, &c. it can burn even under water. It promotes sweating; and so is of considerable use in inflammatory, putrid, pestilential, maddening, and venereal disorders. The camphire of Japan is coarse; but that of Borneo, Sumatra, and Ceylon, all East India islands, and China, is fine. the Hebrew COPHER be rightly translated CAMPHIRE, Jesus Christ is com

If

CAN; to be able in respect of knowledge, authority, or strength, to

pared to a cluster of it to denote the abundant and well-connected plenty of fragrant, soul healing, and exhila- | do a thing, Gen. xli. 38. Jesus could rating virtue, that is in his person, not do many mighty works at Nazarighteousness, and fulness; but if it reth: it was not consistent with his signify the Cyprus vine, it denotes his will or commission to do many miranourishing, strengthening, and com- cles there, where unbelief and conforting influence. If it signify the tempt of him so prevailed; and where cypress-tree, it exhibits him in the the faith of receiving miracles was pleasant, pure, healing, and anointing wanting, Matth. xiii. 58. Mark vi. 5. virtue of his person, blood and grace. Worldly men neither will, nor, by If it signify cypirus, or sword-grass, it reason of their disposition, can hate represents him in his fruitfulness, fra- the wicked as such, John vii. 7. We grancy, and strengthening influence, || speak and do evil things as we could, and his powerful virtue, to heal the when we are as wicked as providence wounds made by sin, the poison of the permits, Jer. iii. 5. old serpent. If it signify dates, the fruit of the palm-tree, it represents CANAAN, the youngest son of him as infinitely precious, sweet, and Ham. When Ham sported with his nourishing. If it signify the BALM- father's nakedness, Noah denounced TREE, it still figures him out in his a curse of the basest servitude, pecupleasantness, and medicinal virtue, toliarly against Canaan. Whether Cathe souls of men. The saints and their graces are compared to cоPHER, to mark how acceptable their person, new nature and holy conversation, are to Christ, and to good men; and what a healing, edifying, and exhila-God; or whether the word father of rating virtue they have in the churches and nations where they reside, Song iv. 13.

CANA. See KANAH.

naan had joined in the crime, and informed his father of the shameful sight; or whether Noah could not pronounce a curse against Ham himself, who had been formerly blessed by

ought to be supplied before Canaan, as son is, Matth. iv. 21; and wife, John xix. 25: and father, Acts vii. 16; or whether the curse is chiefly Camphire has been very long esteem- Canaan, as they were to be extirpatpointed against Ham's posterity in ed one of the most efficacious diaphoretics; and has been celebrated in fevers, malig- ed in part by the Hebrews, is not anant and epidemical distempers. In deli- greed by interpreters. It is certain ria, also, where opiates could not procure the Lord is righteous in all his ways; sleep,but rather aggravated the symptoms, it is certain that parents are punished this medicine has often been observed to in the misery of their posterity; and procure it. All these effects, however, from the subsequent history, it will Dr. Cullen attributes to its sedative property, and denies that camphire has any appear how the Canaanites were terother medicinal virtues than those of an ribly enslaved by the posterity of antispasmodic and sedative. He allows it Shem, and of Japheth, according to to be very powerful, and capable of doing the tenor of that curse. It is promuch good, or much harm. From expe- bable that Canaan lived and died in, riments made on different brute creatures, camphire appears to be poisonous to every as well as gave name to, the land of one of them. In some it produced sleep promise. His posterity was numefollowed by death, without any other symp-rous: the Sidonians, Tyrians, HittIn others, before death, they wereites, Jebusites, Amorites, Girgashawakened into convulsions and rage. Itites, Hivites, Arkites, Sinites, Arvadseems, too, to act chiefly on the stomach; for an entire piece swallowed, produced ites, Zemarites, Hamathites, Periz. the abovementioned effects with very little zites, and another tribe that were calldiminution of weight. ed Canaanites, though how they had

tom.

Ency.

destroyed by Moses. On the west of Jordan, Joshua conquered 31 Kingdoms of Jericho, Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, Eglon, Gezer, Debir, Gedir, Hormah, Arad, Libnah, Adullam, Makkedah, Bethel, Tappuah, Hepher, Aphek, Lasharon, Madon, Hazor, Shimron-meron, Achshaph, Taanach, Megiddo, Kedesh, Jokneam, Dor, Gilgal, Tirzah; and the state of the Gibeonites submitted. The territories of these kingdoms, and of others, were divided to the tribes of Israel. After Joshua's death, the tribes of Judah and Simeon entire

this name more than the rest, we know || at Hormah. About 38 years after, not, descended from him. Seven of Arad harassed them, but paid dear these tribes, the Canaanites, Hittites, for his labour, the Hebrews utterly Jebusites, Amorites, Girgashites, Pe- || destroying his kingdom. The Canarizzites, and Hivites, peopled Canaan; anitish kingdoms of Sihon and Og, on their situation will be seen under their the east of Jordan, were in a flourishrespective articles; the other tribes ing condition; but on their refusal to peopled Phoenicia and part of Syria.give Israel a passage, were utterly According to the then custom, they were divided into a vast number of kingdoms: scarce a town or city of note but had its sovereign. As Moses subdued two, Joshua 31, and Adonibezek just before 70, it is plain that sometimes these Canaanites were formed into above an hundred kingdoms. They were generally very wicked, given to the vilest idolatry; but we hope Melchizedek's kingdom adhered to the true religion; it is certain he did so himself. Five of their kingdoms on the south-east, Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboim, and Zoar, appear to have introduced the prac-ly expelled or reduced the Canaanites tice of the vilest unnatural lust, men abusing themselves with mankind. Chedorlaomer king of Elam, rendered them his tributaries, about A. M. 2078. After 12 years servitude they rebelled. In A. M. 2092, he and his allies invaded Canaan, reduced the revolted kingdoms, and brought them and the places adjacent, to the brink of destruction. By ABRAHAM's means they recovered this disaster. The people of Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboim had scarce lived 16 years more in affluence and horrible guilt, when God, by fire and brimstone from heaven, consumed their country, and turned it into a standing lake. For the sake of Lot, Zoar was preserved from a similar ruin, Gen. ix. 25. and x. 6, 1519. and xiv. and xviii. and xix. Ezek. xvi. 49, 50. About A. M. 2270, Shechem the son of Hamor, by his defilement of Dinah, provoked the sons of Jacob to destroy his inconsiderable state, Gen. xxxiv.

About A. M. 2514, the Canaanites on the south frontiers of Canaan, assisted by the Amalekites, gave the rebellious Hebrews a terrible defeat

The

that were left in their cantons.
tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh too,
expelled part of them that were in their
lot. In most of the cantons of theother
tribes, the Canaanites kept possession
of several principal cities, where theyat
once tempted the Hebrews to idolatry,
and often harassed them. After hard
struggling, several of the tribes redu-
ced them to a state of subjection. But,
on the north parts of the promised
land, the residue of the Canaanites
formed themselves into the very pow-
erful kingdom of Hazor; and about
A. M. 2720, under king Jabin, redu-
ced the Hebrews to a twenty years
servitude. Deborah and Barak gave
such an overthrow to this state, that
we hear no more of it. About 240
years after, David almost finished the
conquest of the Canaanites, and took
from them Jebus, or Jerusalem, one
of their strongest places. Pharaoh
king of Egypt, reduced the Canaan.
ites of Gezer, and gave it to Solomon
his son-in-law. Above 153,300 Ca-
naanites were employed in the servile
work of building Solomon's temple;
and on all of that race he laid a heavy

tribute: nor ever after, do that peo-quering Romans. O how dreadful then, ple seem to have had any freedom a- to be under the curse of the broken mong the Israelites, though we find law! how impossible to escape it withremains of them after the captivity, out Christ! Numb. xiv. and xx. and xxi. Judg. i. and iii. and iv. 2 Sam. v. 6-9. I Kings v. 15, 16. and ix. 20, 21. Ezra ü. 55, 58. Neh. xi. 3.