especially such an one as kings used. to advise with, Prov. xi. 14. Ezra iv. 5. Christ is called a counsellor; with him his father deliberately fixed the whole plan of our salvation; and he, possessed of infinite wisdom and knowledge, directs and admonisheth his people in every case, Isa. ix. 6.God's statutes are the saints counsellors, which they consult, and from which they receive direction in every hard and difficult case, Psal. cxix. 24. COUNTERVAIL; to make up up the loss, Esth. vii. 4. COUNTRY; REGION; (1.) A kingdom or province, Gen. xiv. 7.— (2.) That part of a kingdom or province which lies without the limits of cities, Isa. i. 7. (3.) The people that dwell in a country, Matth. iii. 5. Heaven is called a country, in allusion to Canaan: how extensive its limits! how wholesome its air of divine influence! how wide the prospect! how numerous the privileges, and inhabitants! And it is a better country, as its inhabitants, privileges, exercises, are far more excellent than any on earth, Heb. xi. 14, 16. It is a far country, very distant from, and unknown in our world, Matth. xxi. 33. COUNT; reckon; (1.) To number, Lev. xxiii. 15. Ezek. xliv. 26. (2.) To esteem; judge; Job xix. 15. (3.) To impute; place to one's account, Gen. xv. 6. Psal. cvi. 31. Rom. iv. 3. (4.) To reason with one's self, and conclude from argu-and xxv. 14. Luke xix. 12. A state ments, Isa. xxxviii. 13. Rom. vi. 11. (5.) To state an account with one, Matth. xviii. 24. See AcCOUNT. To COUPLE; to join together, Exod. xxvi. 6. A COUPLE, two, a few, 2 Sam. xiii. 6. COURAGEOUS; free from fear, full of boldness and hope, Josh. i. 7. of apostacy from God, whether of men in general, or of the Gentile world, is called a far country; it is distant COUNTENANCE. (1.) The face from that in which we ought to be: or visage, 1 Sam. xvi. 7. (2.) Love; in it we are ignorant of God, exposed favour, Gen. xxxi. 5. Belshazzar's to danger, and have none to pity or countenance was changed, when, in- help us, Luke xv. 13. A state or stead of cheerful, he looked sad and place of gross ignorance and wickedaffrighted, Dan. v. 6. Cain's counte-ness is called the region and shadow nance fell, when he looked angry and of death, Matth. iv. 16. surly, Gen. iv. 5. As by the shew of our countenance, we manifest our love hatred, grief, joy, pleasure, and anger; the lifting up, or shining of God's countenance, denotes the manifestation of his favour and love; and [the hiding, COURSE. (1.) The running of the frown,] or rebuke of his counte- a stream; or the channel where it nance, denotes the manifestation of his runs, Isa. xliv. 4. (2.) Motion; voyanger in just judgments, Psal. xliv. 3. age; journey, Acts xxi. 7. (3.) Sucand 1xxx. 16. Christ's countenance cess; progress, 2 Thess. iii. 1. (4.) as Lebanon, excellent as the cedars, is || Order; proper station, Psal. lxxxii. his whole appearance in person, office, || 5. (5.) Turn of service, 2 Chron. v. relations, and work, which is ever de- 1. (6.) Class of priests appointed to lightful and glorious, Song v. 15.- serve in a particular order or turn, The saints cause Christ to see their Luke i. 5. (7.) Common manner or countenance, when, in the confident practice, Eph. ii. 2. (8.) The busiexercise of faith and hope, they come ness appointed for one, whether miwith boldness to his throne of grace, nisters or others, 2 Tim. iv. 7. Acts Song ii. 14. Thou shalt not counte-xiii. 25. nance a poor man in his cause: thou shalt not unjustly pity and favour him on account of his poverty, Exod. xxiii. 3. || COURT. (1.) An inclosed part of the entrance into a palace, house, or tent, Esth. v. 1. Jer. xxxviii. 6.— The Tabernacle had one court, the temple two, where the priests or Isra- || head is cristated and almost bare. elites assembled to worship God, The claw of the middle toe is not which might represent the humble serrated. Cranes are of three kinds. and exposed state of Christ and his (1.) The common ones, whose weight people; and in allusion to which, the is about 10 or 12 pounds, and their places of public worship, the ordinan-length, from the toe to the beak, aces of God, and fellowship with him bout five feet; their beak of a greentherein, are called God's courts; and ish black, and long and pointed; their to dwell in his courts, is frequently to wings large; their legs and feet black, attend ordinances, and enjoy God in with long toes; their wind-pipe runs them, Psal. lxv. 4. and lxxxiv. 2. The far down their breast, and then returns court without the temple, left unmea- at the same passage, and descends to sured, and to be trodden of the Gen- the lungs. They live on grain, and tiles, is the outward state, civil estab- their flesh is very delicate. (2.) The lishment, and nominal professors of Indian cranes, which are smaller, but the Christian church, given up to be their beak longer, their tail short, and abused by the Heathenish Papists, for || a rough red skin on the top of their 1260 years, Rev. xi. 2. (2.) COURT head. (3.) Majorca cranes, having a signifies a king's palace or household, crest like hogs bristles on the crown Phil. i. † 13. of their head. Cranes have a loud voice, and before winter, remove with the storks, and return in the spring; but where they spend the cold season we know not. Hezekiah, in his sickness, chattered as a crane or swallow, sometimes cried loud of his grievous pain as a crane, and sometimes twittered or peeped as a swallow, Isa. xxxviii. 14. The Jews were more stupid than cranes, storks, and turtles; they knew not the proper season of duty, Jer. viii. 7.* COURTEOUS; kind; affable, 1 Pet. iii. 8. COW. See BULLOCK. COZBI; a daughter of Evi, prince of Midian. She, with a number of her country-women, came into the camp of the Israelites, to seduce them to uncleanness and idolatry; and being taken in the very act of adultery with Zimri, the son of Sallu, a prince of the Simeonites, Phinehas thrust them both through the belly, amidst their infamous embraces, Numb. xxv. 6 -15. *The American, or hooping crane, of Edwards, is often seen at the mouths of the Savanna, Alatamaha, and other rivers near St. Augustine. In summer they are found in Hudson's Bay, but retire to the south on the approach of winter. They lay two crack-days: the young are at first yellow, changwhite eggs, on the ground, and set 20 CRACKLING. The laughter of a fool, is like to the crackling noise of thorns burning; is senseless, base, and of short duration, Eccl. vii. 6. CRACKNELS; a sort of hard cakes, [probably what we call ers,] or buns, 1 Kings xiv. 3. CRAFT; (1.) Deceit; guile, Dan. viii. 25. (2.) Trade; occupation, Acts xviii. 3. and xix. 25, 27. CRAFTSMAN, is one skilled in some mechanic trade, Deuter. xxvii. 15. Acts xix. 24. CRAFTY; cunning; deceitful, Job v. 12. 2 Cor. xii. 16. CRAG, [or tooth of a rock ;] the top or sharp point of it, Job xxxix. 28. CRANE; a tall and long-necked fowl. Its beak is pretty long, but shorter than that of the heron. Its ing to white by degrees. The argil or hurgil, of Ivis, is a very large species, measuring from tip to tip of the wings 14 feet 10 inches, inhabits Bengal and is found at Calcutta: The common opinion is, that the souls of the Bramins possess these birds: on opening one of these, a terapin, or land tortoise, 10 inches long, was found in its craw, and a large male cat was found entire in its stomach.-The English had a law enacting a fine of 20 pence for de stroying an egg of the crane, or grus, as is mentioned by Willoughby. Mr. Keysler's account makes the age of the crane to exceed 60 years, Ency CRASHING; a noise occasioned of the earth, or in such beds on the by treading down, breaking, or just-surface as he formed for it. On the ling. The great crashing from the hills, was the noise of the breaking down of the temple, or palaces erected on hilis, in Jerusalem, Zeph. i. 10. CRAVE; earnestly to desire or request. A man's mouth craveth his labour: he is obliged to labour, that he may have wherewith to satisfy his craving appetite, Prov. xvi. 26. 4th, He further collected the light, and formed the sun, moon, and stars, and appointed them their motions and use. On the 5th, He formed the fishes from water, and the fowls from a mixture of water and earth.* On the 6th, He formed cattle, creeping things, and the body of Adam; out of the dust of the ground, and the body of Eve, out of a rib taken from Adam's side: both Adam and Eve were in their formation endued with rational and immortal souls, Gen. i. Exod. xx. 11. Capellus, and others, would have the creation effected in the Spring, the first day of it about the 11th of April. But as sundry of the most ancient Heathens reckoned the beginning of their year from Harvest; nor do we know of any other reckoning, till the Jews' departure from Egypt; as the trees and herbs bore seeds on the day of their creation, we are inclined, with the great Usher, and others, to think the world was created in Harvest; but whether on the 22d day of October, [according to] Usher; or about the first of September, [according to] Scaliger and Spanheim, we shall leave undetermined, though the latter opinion appears the most probable. As the account which Moses gives of the cre CREATE; (1.) To make things from nothing, Gen. i. K. (2.) To form things from unfit matter, Gen. i 21. and i 19. (3.) To implant saving graces and endowments, where they were not, Eph. ii. 10. (4.) To recover the heart from apostacy, and cleanse it from great pollution, Psal. li. 10. (5.) To bring things about, in the course of providence, Isa. xiv. 7. (6.) To restore to vigour and beauty, Psal. civ. 30. The creation of all things from nothing, happened about 4003 years before our common account, which being 1806, and added to the former, gives 5809 years in all, before this present time. To give us an example of working six days, and resting on the 7th, and to render the order of his operation obvious to us, God employed six days in bringing his work of creation to perfection. On the 1st, He formed the general system of Heaven and earth, and pro-ation is very short, Descartes, Thobably the angels. The earth was at mas Burnet, Whiston, Buffon, and first a rude mass, without form and others have attempted a philisophic beauty, and without inhabitants, or explication, if we might not someproduct: the divine Spirit, in his ac- times say, a contradiction thereof; tuating influence, hovered over the but as we believe the Informer of dark surface of this deep chaos. By Moses knew better how it was effectthe word, the will, or eternal Son of ed, than any of these learned gentleGod, light was formed and separated men, we shall not disgust the serious from the darkness, to make a succes- reader with any of their fancies; and sion of day and night. On the 2d we know the learned can easily form day, God made a firmament, expan- as solid notions for themselves. sion, or atmosphere, to support the water in the clouds, and separate it from that which was below. On the 3d, He drained the water from the earthly part of our system, and gathered it into scas, either in the bowels Our translators, following the Vulgate, have made the word fowl in Gen. i. 21. an whereas in the original, it is a nominative, accusative after the verb bring forth; and this clause of the verse should be read, Let the fowl fly above the earth. CREATION, not only signifies the || have: to him, as sinners, we owe infinite satisfaction for our offences; and the more he forgives us, the more we ought to love him, Luke vii. 41-43. act of making things out of nothing, but also the creatures or things formed from nothing, 2 Pet. iii. 4. Rev. iii. 14. CREATURE, sometimes denotes all created things, Rev. v. 13; and sometimes only men, whom the Jews called the creature, by way of eminency, Mark xvi. 15. By the creature or creation, that waits for a glorious deliverance, into the glorious liberty of the sons of God, some will have the Heathen Gentiles meant : but, how these were unwillingly made subject to the bondage of corruption; or how they waited and longed for a gospel deliverance, I could never understand. Is it not more easy to understand the creature or creation, of the irrational part of our world, which by the providence of God is subjected to vanity for man's sin, and is of ten used instrumentally in wickedness, and which, at the last day, shall be perfectly delivered from this vile abuse? Rom. viii. 19-23. The implanted habit or principle of grace, and the men who possesseth it, are called a new creature; it is formed from nothing, by the almighty influence of the word and Spirit of God; it is quite new, and entirely opposite to the old principle of natural corruption, Gal. vi. 15. 2 Cor. v. 17.* CREDITOR; one to whom we owe debt, 2 Kings iv. 1, 7. God is our creditor; to him we, as creatures, owe our existence, and all we *The creation of things out of nothing, in which the agent has no matter to work upon, is manifestly a work to which no finite power is competent, not even in the way of an instrument: accordingly, the work of creation is so peculiarly ascribed to the great JEHOVAH, as to exclude all others from being so much as instruments in it, Isa. xliv. 24. where he declares that he alone and by himself, without any instrument or subordinate cause, performs this stupendous work. Hence the passages of scripture, which ascribe this work to our Lord Jesus Christ, demonstrate him to be the Only True and Most High God, John i. Col. i. Heb. i. VOL. 1. CREEK; a small bay of the sea, where it juts into the land; or a corner of an harbour, Acts xxvii. 39. Judg. v. † 17. CREEP; (1.) To crawl on the ground, Gen. i. 20. (2.) To enter with subtilty and privacy, 2 Tim. iii. 6. Jude 4. CRESCENS; one of Paul's fellow preachers, who departed from him, while he was at Rome, to go for Ga|| latia, and perhaps carried the inspired epistle to that church, 2 Tim. iv. 10. CRETE, or CANDIA; an island in the Mediterranean sea, a good way north of Egypt, and west of Syria, about 280 miles long, and 55 broad. It was very early peopled, probably by a number of the Philistines, who fled off from Canaan, in the days of Joshua; nay, perhaps the Caphtorim of Egypt had partly settled here, in times still more ancient. Vast numbers of Greeks also took up their residence in this island, especially after the Trojan war. Crete contained 100 cities, Gnossus, Cydon, ortyna, Dictynna, &c but nothing rendered it more famous than the pretended education of Jupiter, a chief deity, in it; and the laws of Minos, one of their kings. The inhabitants at first were famed for probity; but afterwards became more so, for lying, deceit, sloth, gluttony, and lewdness. Anciently they were most expert slingers and archers, though now they have next to nothing of that art.After the Cretians had a succession of 18 kings, they were formed into a CROOKED; bowed; turning in and out. A crooked nation, or generation, are such as rebel against God, have their qualities, inclinations, and practice quite disagreeable to the even rule of his law, and unanswerable to their own profession, Phil. ii. 15. Deut. xxxii. 5. Crooked ways, are A. D. 823, when the Saracens seized || pose, rather signifies bags for the on it. Not long after, the Greeks hair, or clasps, Isa. iii. 22. retook it. About A. D. 1205, Baldwin the Frank, emperor of Constantinople, gave it to Boniface, earl of Montferrat, who sold it to the Venetians. They had not been masters of it much above 400 years, when the Ottoman Turks, after a 24 years' siege of the city Candia, became masters of the whole island, A. D. 1669. The gospel was very early preached and a church planted here: Titus was appointed to ordain officers in it; and here Paul touched in this way to Rome. Ever since, there has been less or more Christianity in this place, though at present, it is scarce noted for any thing at all, Tit. i. 5. Acts xxvii. 9, 21. CRIB; a stall for cattle, Prov. xiv. 4. practices and customs, inconstant, uncandid, uncomely, and disagreeable to the law of God, Prov. ii. 15. God makes mens lot or path crooked, when he inflicts on them changes from prosperity to adversity, or from one trouble to another, and renders their condition unsightly and disagreeable, Lam. iii. 9. Eccl. i. 15. and vii. 12. -He makes crooked places straight, when he removes every impediment, and renders a work easy to his agents, Isa. xlv. 2. CRIME; a fault that incurs punishment, Acts xxv. 16. Adultery is an CROP; the craw of a fowl, Lev. i heinous crime, in the view of the mild-16. To CROP, is to cut off the top est judges, and punished by them, of a plant, Ezek. xvii. 4, 22. Job xxxi. 11. Bloody crimes, are cruelty, oppression, murder, Ezek. vii 23. CROSS, [crucify. The cross was a gibbet,] consisting of two pieces of wood placed cross-ways, in the form of a T or X. That of our Saviour is said to have been of the former kind. The death of the cross was called crucifying. With the Greeks, and sundry other nations, it was a common punishment. With the Jews it was not used at all, hanging on a tree being an execution of a different kind. With the Romans, it was reckoned a horrid crime to execute any of their citizens in this manner. It was, therefore, no inconsiderable effect of the divine Providence, to order matters, so as Jesus should suffer this death of the cross. It was exceeding shameful, painful, and lin CRIMSON; one of the seven red colours. The KERMES, from whence crimson is derived, is a small round shell, thin, smooth, and shining, of a reddish brown colour, mixed with a white ash-colour, and about a quarter of an inch in diameter, and generally divided into two unequal cavities, the largest of which is filled with eggs exceedingly red, and the lesser with red liquor. These shells grow on the branches of a shrubby green oak, found in Palestine, south of France, &c. When these shells are loosed from the leaves to which they hang, the worms formed therein, come out at the hole made thereby, and by sift-gering. First the criminal was ordiing are separated from the shells; and afterwards lightly pressed into balls of the bigness of a smail hen-egg, and so kept till they are used for dying, 2 Chron. ii. 7. See SCARLET. CRISPING-PINS; pins for curling the hair; but CHARITIM, I sup nariiy scourged with cords, often with bones at their end. Next he bore his cross, or part of it, to the place of execution. When he came thither, his clothes were stripped off, and either before or after the cross was erected, his hands were sometimes bound, but |