tions are added mentally, and only the results are written; thus, 12 times 7 are 84, and the 11oz. added give 95oz. Then multiplying the 95oz. by 20, and adding the 14dwt., we have 1914dwt. Finally, in multiplying the 1914 dwt. by 24, first multiply by 4, adding in the 18gr., and then multiplying by 2, and adding the results we have 45954gr. for the answer. NOTE 2. In reducing Ex. 2, if any divisor is so large that the work is not easily done by Short Division, the numbers may be taken upon the slate and the work done by Long Division, setting down only the results. 3. How many grains in 16lb. 8oz. 19dwt.? Ans. 96456gr. Ans. 6lb. 8oz. 12dwt. 7gr. 5. Reduce 87942gr. to pounds, ounces, etc. 6. Reduce 15lb. 8oz. 6dwt. 15gr. to grains. 7. How many spoons, each weighing 2oz. 8dwt. 20gr., can be made from 21b. 5oz. 6dwt. of silver? Ans. 12. 8. A jeweller made 8oz. 16dwt. of gold into rings which weighed 3dwt. 16gr. each; how many rings did he make? APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. 95. APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT is used in mixing or compounding medicines; but medicines are bought and sold by Avoirdupois Weight. 1 = 12 1 8 24 480 96 288 5760 NOTE 1. The pound, ounce, and grain, in Apothecaries' and Troy Weight are equal, but the ounce is differently subdivided. 94. In solving Ex. 1, what is done with the numbers of the lower denominations? In Ex. 2, how is the work done? 95. For what is Apothecaries' Weight used? Repeat the table. Descending scale? Ascending? What denominations of Apothecaries' Weight are like those of Troy Weight? 64 3. Reduce 6oz. 3dr. 1sc. 19gr. to grains. Ans. 4lb 83 53 29. 4. Reduce 15984 grains to pounds, ounces, etc. Ans. 3099gr. Ans. 2lb. 9oz. 2dr. 1sc. 4gr. 5. Reduce 876943 grains to higher denominations. 6. Reduce 271b. 8oz. 7dr. 2sc. 15gr. to grains. 7. How many pounds, ounces, etc., of medicine will an apothecary use in preparing 974 prescriptions of 15 grains each? Ans. 2lb. 6oz. 3dr. 1sc. 10gr. AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 96. AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT is used for weighing the coarser articles of merchandise, such as hay, cotton, tea, sugar, copper, iron, etc. 96. For what is Avoirdupois Weight used? Table? Scale? NOTE 1. It was the custom formerly to consider 28 lb. a quarter, 112lb. a hundred weight, and 2240 lb. a ton; but now the usual practice is in accordance with the table. These different tons are distinguished as the long or gross ton = 2240lb. and the short or net ton 2000lb. The gross ton is still used in the wholesale coal trade, also in estimating goods at the U. S. custom-houses, etc. NOTE 2. A pound in Avoirdupois Weight is equal to 7000 grains in Apothecaries' or Troy Weight. 3. Reduce 3t. 6cwt. 2qr. 5 lb. 6oz. 10dr. to drams. Ans. 1703786dr. 4. Reduce 3642897 drams to higher denominations. Ans. 7t. 2cwt. 1qr. 5lb. 1oz. 1dr. 5. Reduce 37t. 19cwt. 3qr. to pounds. 6. Reduce 17796 lb. to higher denominations. 7. Reduce 3t. 19cwt. 3qr. 24lb. 15oz. 15dr. to drams. 8. Reduce 1742684 drams to higher denominations. 9. In 10t. 1cwt. 2qr. 10 lb., net weight, how many gross tons? 10. If a horse eats 221b. of hay in one day, how many tons will he eat in 365 days? Ans. 4t. Ocwt. 1qr. 5lb. 11. If a blacksmith uses 23lb. 8oz. of iron daily, how many tons will he use in 313 days? 96. How many pounds now make a ton? How many formerly? What are the different tons called? For what is the long ton now used? One pound Avoirdupois equals how many grains Troy? CLOTH MEASURE. 97. CLOTH MEASURE is used in measuring cloths, ribbons, = one fourth; NOTE. Expressions like,, etc., are called fractions. = two thirds; 21: = two and one fourth. The principles of fractions will 4. In 873 nails how many yards, etc.? Ans. 54yd. 2qr. 1na. 5. How many dresses may be made from 167yd. 3qr. of silk, if each dress requires 15yd. 1qr.? Ans. 11. 6. If 2yd. 3qr. of ribbon are used in trimming one bonnet, how many yards will be used in trimming 5 bonnets ? 7. Reduce 43yd. 2qr. 3na. to nails. 8. If 2yd. 1qr. of cloth are required for making one coat, how many yards will be used in making 8 coats? 9. What cost 25yd. 3qr. of cloth at $2 per quarter? 10. Reduce 7824 nails to yards. 97. For what is Cloth Measure used? Table? Scale? Note? LONG MEASURE. 98. LONG MEASURE is used in measuring distances, i. e. where length is required without regard to breadth or thickness. NOTE 1. The earth not being an exact sphere, the distance round it in different directions is not exactly the same. By the most exact measurements made, a degree is a little less than 69 miles. NOTE 2. The barleycorn is but little used. NOTE 3. The 3 before miles in the table is not a part of the scale. Ex. 1. How many rods in 8m. 3fur. 30rd.? OPERATION. 8 m. 3fur. 30rd. 8 67 fur. Ex. 2. Reduce 2710rd. to higher denominations. OPERATION. 40) 2710 rd. 8) 6 7 fur. + 30rd. 40 2710 rd., Ans. 8 m. +3fur. Ans. 8m. 3fur. 30rd. Ans. 528. 3. In 4yd. 2ft. 8in. how many barleycorns? 93. For what is Long Measure used? Table? Scale? A degree upon the earth, how long? |