573440 35840 = 2240 = 80 = 20 = 1 By this weight are weighed all things of a coarse or drossy nature, as Corn, Bread, Butter, Cheese, Flesh, Grocery Wares, and some Liquids; also all Metals, except Silver and Gold. 02 dwt gr Note, that 1b Avoirdupois ≈ 14 11 15 Troy. weights one ounce, and 12 ounces one pound. But in later times, it was thought sufficient to divide the same pennyweight into 24 equal parts, still called grains, being the least weight now in common use; and from thence the rest are computed, as in the Tables above. In By this measure, Land, and Husbandmen and Gardeners' work are measured; also Artificers' work, such as Board, Glass, Pavements, Plastering, Wainscoting, Tiling, Flooring, and every dimension of length and breadth only. When three dimensions are concerned, namely, length, breadth, and depth or thickness, it is called cubic or solid measure, which is used to measure Timber, Stone, &c. The cubic or solid Foot, which is 12 inches in length and breadth and thickness, contains 1728 cubic or solid inches, and 27 solid feet make one solid yard. DRY, By this are measured all dry wares, as, Corn, Seeds, Roots, Fruits, Salt, Coals, Sand, Oysters, &c. The standard Gallon dry-measure contains 268 cubic or solid inches, and the Corn or Winchester bushel 2150 cubic inches; for the dimensions of the Winchester bushel, by the Statute, are 8 inches deep, and 18 inches wide or in diameter. But the Coal bushel must be 19 inches in diameter; and 36 bushels, heaped up, make a London chaldron of coals, the weight of which is 3156lb Avoirdupois. Note, The Ale Gallon contains 282 cubic or solid Inches. 2016 1008 = 252 = 6 = 4 = 3 = 2 = 1 Note, By this are measured all Wines, Spirits, Strongwaters, Cyder, Mead, Perry, Vinegar, Oil, Honey, &c. The Wine Gallon contains 231 cubic or solid inches. And it is remarkable, that the Wine and Ale Gallons have the same proportion to each other, as the Troy and Avoirdupois Pounds have; that is, as one Pound Troy is to one Pound Avoirdupois, so is one Wine Gallon to one Ale Gallon. Wk Da Hr Mo Da Hr Or 52 1 613 1 6 = 1 Julian Year Da Hr M Sec When the Numbers are to be reduced from a Higher Denomi nation to a Lower: MULTIPLY the number in the highest denomination by as many as of the next lower make an integer, or 1, in that higher; to this product add the number, if any, which was in this lower denomination before, and set down the amount. Reduce this amount in like manner, by multiplying it by as many as of the next lower make an integer of this, taking in the odd parts of this lower, as before. And so proceed through all the denominations to the lowest ; so shall the number last found be the value of all the numbers which were in the higher denominations, taken together *. EXAMPLE. 1. In 1234/ 15s 7d, how many farthings? S d 1234 15 7. 20 24695 Shillings 12 296347 Pence Answer 1185388 Farthings. * The reason of this rule is very evident; for pounds are brought into shillings by multiplying them by 20; shillings into pence, by multiplying them by 12; and pence into farthings, by multiplying by 4; and the reverse of this rule by Division.-And the same, it is evident, will be true in the reduction of numbers consisting of any denominations whatever. II. When |