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later breaking her moorings and becoming lost.

It will be observed that the colors of some of the values of the new series differ from those of the Caribou set which has been in use since 1918. The 4c is claret instead of violet. The 8c is purple instead of magenta. The 10c is cinnamon brown instead of dark green. The 24c is sepia instead of bistre.

Also it will be noted that there are three new values in the regular series-9c, IIC and 20c-and that the 36c, existing in the Caribou set, has been retired.

NYASSA: The "high value" craze has

struck this Portuguese possession in Africa. Denominations in 2 escudos brown and black and 5e blue and brown have appeared. The usual inscription, "Companhia do Nyassa" is shown, and the central design is that of a native sailing vessel putting out to sea from a palm-fringed shore. At the left stands a native warrior with a cactus plant near one foot.

POLAND: Two new high values have

been issued in the "eagle" type-1,000 marks orange and 2,000m in a color described as "purple-blue," which we will leave for Mr. Luff to fuss over.

It is reported that hereafter only the stamps of Poland will be used in Silesian territory where Polish occupation stamps are now in circulation.

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voyage to Brazil from Portugal, flanked by an ancient caravel of the time of Pedro Cabral, Brazil's discoverer, at the left, and by a hydroairplane in flight and the date 1922 at the right, with the date 1500 above the center portraits; the faces of the Presidents of Portugal and Brazil are in the upper corners.

It transpires that Portuguese postal officials are selling complete sets at about fourteen times face value, having purchased large quantities in advance of the limited sale to the public over the counters. At last accounts a Portuguese philatelic journal was leading a movement to have the situation officially investigated, and indignant British collectors were even demanding discussion in Parliament ! Meanwhile the stamps are not in such demand as the speculators had anticipated and indications are that the promoters of the scheme are going to lose (Cheers!)

money.

RUSSIA: The cost of sending a regis

tered letter from the land of the Soviets to foreign countries continues to skyrocket. It has now reached 13,000,000 rubles, we are informed by Mr. N. Ananieff. As reported by this correspondent in the January Journal, the foreign registration postage had before then advanced to 3,000,000 rubles. By the time the March Journal went to press, the cost had jumped to 7,000,000 rubles. By the time the May Journal went to press the tax for sending a letter to a foreign country was 10,000,000 rubles even when unregistered, so it is not surprising to get word now from Mr. Ananieff that the registration cost has been fixed at 13,000,000 rubles.

But if one expects a 13,000,000r stamp, one seems destined to be disappointed, for lo and behold, Russia has gone back to the low-ruble system of stamp issuing. What would have been a 3,000,000r adhesive in 1921 now becomes a 3r stamp.

Thus far in this low-value set four values have appeared, as follows:

Three rubles carmine, with a helmeted soldier as the design; 4r brown, showing a sailor; 5r blue, picturing a peasant; and Ior gray, helmeted soldier.

So if a special registration stamp is issued to meet the new rate, it is likely to be a 13r value.

SA

AN MARINO: Some Red Cross adhesives have appeared and perhaps Mr. Luff will decide to chronicle them in due time. At this writing, a description of the design is not available, but the values and colors are given as 5 centesimi olive, IOC yellow, 15c green, 25c violet, 40c brown, 50c pearl gray, and I lira azure and black, with an express stamp, 60c, in red. The numbers issued are said to range in quantity from 100,000 down to only 40,000.

To San Marino's current series have been added 50c mauve and 90c brown values.

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STAM:

"Philatelists have heard with mixed feelings rumors that Siam is about to issue yet another new set of postage stamps," we read in the Straits Echo. "The new issues, surcharges, varieties and other philatelic complications emanating from Bangkok during the past few years would fill a book. But there is one thing to be said in their favor and that is that all have been decently printed and produced and are a credit to the country which issues them, which is more than one can claim for the present stamps of Great Britain and her colonies."

Airmail service has been in operation some time between Bangkok and various

provincial cities, cutting the time of delivery from two weeks to three days. That special airplane stamps have never been issued is a disappointment to specialists in that branch of philately. Indications are that none will be for some time, however, as the cities now touched by airpost are being linked by a railroad line which is expected to be completed by the close of 1923, when present plans call for suspension of the air mail service.

TUNIS: More provisionals, necessary

or otherwise, have been placed in circulation in this French possession. The 5 centimes green of the "Mosque at Kairouan" type has been surcharged with a new value, 10 in red; the 15c purple of the "agriculture" series with a new value, 20, in black; and the 25c blue of the "agriculture" type with a new value, 50, in red.

Meanwhile a new series of postage dues has appeared, with "Regence de Tunis," in capital letters, as part of the inscription, and with the portrait of an Arab sheik as the uniform design. The values and colors are Ic black, 2c black, buff, 5c plum, IOC blue, 20c orange-brown, buff, 30c sepia, 50c "rosine," Ifr pale green, 2fr olive green, 5fr purple.

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EXHIBITION NOTES

By John N. Luff

Editor of SCOTT'S MONTHLY JOURNAL and Member of the International Jury of the
London International Stamp Exhibition.

F course, the great International Ex

hibition was a success. It was a foregone conclusion that anything which was undertaken by the energetic Junior Philatelic Society would succeed, and it fully met expectations. Indeed, it might almost be said that it overreached itself, since the number of entries and the volume of exhibits was so great that even the large hall of the Royal Horticultural Society did not provide sufficient space to display them. Fully half the stamps sent in could not be shown in the frames and had to remain in albums in a storeroom, where they were duly viewed by the Judges, but were not accessible to visitors except by special arrangement. Naturally, the exhibitors took care to show their best stamps in the frames assigned to them, and there was so much on view that satiety awaited the spectators. The general conclusion was that the next international exhibition of stamps will have to be shown in a World's Fair building and viewed from moving platforms. At any rate, the footweary Judges were of the unanimous opinion that those who inherit their duties in the future should be provided with wheeled chairs and not be required to climb more than ten miles of stairways in any one day. I shall not attempt to give, as has been done in the past, long descriptions of the many splendid displays. Those who wish to read detailed descriptions will find them in the Exhibition Catalogue, where they are more completely set forth than I could do in the limited space and time at my command. I shall only attempt a brief reference to a few of the exhibits of prime importance, more particularly those sent from the United States. It will be well to preface my remarks by saying that the Judges were believers in work. They had to work hard themselves and they respected the evidence that others had done likewise. Their awards were largely based on what a man had studied and done, rather than on what he had spent for his collection. They were firm believers in the supremacy of mind over matter. Thus it

sometimes happened that exhibits of great value, but presenting no opportunity for study, took second rank to those of less commercial importance but which showed the results of studious application, such as the reconstruction of sheets (especially if the work had not hitherto been done), study of retouches, misplaced transfers, and similar varieties.

For most people the star attractions of the Exhibition were to be found in the Championship, Single Issues and Rarities classes. In Class A (Championship), section 1, the Grand Gold Medal was awarded to Mr. Charles Lathrop Pack for his study of the Victoria half-lengths and Queen enthroned of 1850-54. Only 32 pages were shown from a nine-volume collection, but they gave a faint suggestion of the quantity of stamps and the vast amount of research contained in the whole. Of the half-lengths there were unused single copies, pairs, blocks and restored settings. The used stamps showed many retouches, something over 70 restored settings, shades, etc., etc. Of the Queen enthroned there were restored settings with the rare substituted varieties placed. And all this was most elaborately written up and explained by diagrams and illustrations. Mr. Pack also received a gold medal for his handbook on these stamps.

Mr. Arthur Hind's Mauritius display was simply magnificent. It combined two celebrated collections and the pick of others and the array of uncancelled copies, pairs, blocks, reconstructed sheets, etc., was even beyond expectations.

One does not anticipate seeing the 1d and 2d "Post Office" stamps, unused, and used together on a cover in one collection. Among other choice things, uncancelled, the unique block of four of the 1d "Post Paid," earliest impression (from the Duveen collection); a block of four of the 2d intermediate impressions; a pair and 14 singles of the "small fillet" and a block of four, three pairs, and 16 singles of the "large fillet." This exhibit received a gold medal.

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Left to Right, Standing-J. N. Luff, Nils Strandell, Dr. Emelio Diena, G. Gilbert.
Seated-Baron A. de Reuterskiold, W. Dorning Beckton. H. P. Manus.

Mr. Hinds' United States stamps received a Grand Gold Medal in Section 3. The collection included everything in general issues, department stamps, etc. There were such items as 1851-56 imperforate pairs of the 24c, 30c (two pairs), and 90c, August, 1861, 90c imperf. pair, 1869, inverted centres, 15c, 24c, 30c, all unused. Among the Postmasters' stamps were the Alexandria, 5c black on buff; Annapolis, 5c red; Baltimre, 5c and 10c on both white and bluish paper; Boscawen (unique); Lockport (unique); and the Millburg. There were many fine and rare Carriers' stamps, and practically all the scarcest things among the provisional stamps of the Confederate States Post

masters.

Mr. Hind was also awarded the Galvez special Grand Gold Medal for his collection of Spain. This was very strong in the early issues, most of which were from the celebrated Hugo Griebert collection and included a restored sheet of the 6c black

of 1850. In that issue was also the 2r blue (error) in a pair with the 6r. There was a large block of the 1r blue of the 1855 with a copy of the reales in the middle. All the standard rarities of Spain were shown in profusion. The late issues were weak and had apparently been added merely for the sake of completeness.

Mr. Alfred Lichtenstein's collection of Switzerland is well known in New York. He has recently added to it some very choice items which have increased its interest and value.

It contains a block of six pairs and three half stamps of the double Geneva, with marginal imprint. For good measure there are a block of four and two pairs unused, five pairs used on covers and four pairs off the covers. Small eagle strip of five and block of six. Large eagle, block of 20 with marginal imprint, also block of 12 on dark green paper. Vaud, 4c: unused, two; used, two pairs, four copies on covers and five singles. Vaud, 5c, blocks of 12, 8

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