1645; and he was still here when Pepys visited him, March 30, 1668, to arrange about a portrait of his wife. His price was then £30. Kitty Clive, in March, 1756, when she advertised her benefit. M'Ardell, the engraver, at the Golden Ball, (d. 1765). Walpole writes in 1759

I shall be much obliged to you if you will call as soon as you can at M‘Ardell's in Henrietta Street, and take my picture from him. I am extremely angry for I hear he has told people of the print. If the plate is finished, be so good as to take it away and all the impressions he has taken off, for I will not let him keep one. — H. Walpole to Grosvenor Bedford, vol. iii. p. 223.

When, in 1764, he engraved and sold his fine print of Garrick and Mrs. Cibber as Jaffier and Belvidera, he lived "at the corner of Henrietta Street in Covent Garden." Sir Robert Strange, the engraver. He was living "at the Golden Head, in Henrietta Street," in 1756, when he published his proposals for engraving, by subscription, three historical prints-two from Pietro da Cortona, and one from Salvator Rosa. Paul Whitehead, the poet; he died here in 1774. In the Castle Tavern, in this street, Sheridan fought and disarmed Mathews, his rival for Miss Linley's love; and in Rawthmell's Coffee-house, in this street, the Society of Arts was established in 1754. Sir Robert Walpole was chairman of a small social club which met at the house of Samuel Scott, the marine painter.

Captain Laroon [well-known in the artistic and social circles of his day] was deputy-chairman, under Sir Robert Walpole, of a club consisting of six gentlemen only, who met at stated times in the drawing-room of Scott the marine painter in Henrietta Street Covent Garden; and it was unanimously agreed by the members that they should be attended by Scott's wife only, who was a remarkably witty Captain Laroon made a most beautiful drawing of the members of the club in conversation.-Smith's Nollekens, vol. ii. p. 273.

woman.

Jane Austen lived in this street for a time at the house of her brother, who was partner in the bank close by.1

Henry VII.'s Chapel. [See Westminster Abbey.]

Heralds' College, or COLLEGE OF ARMS, DOCTORS' COMMONS. The formation of the street from the Mansion House has brought the front of the college to face Queen Victoria Street. The building, erected in place of that destroyed in the Great Fire, of red brick with stone quoins and dressings, is a good specimen of the civic architecture of the end of the 17th century. It was thoroughly restored in 1877, The principal room, the Great Hall, is on the left on entering. The apartments of Garter King at Arms, at the north-east corner, were built at the expense of Sir William Dugdale, Garter in the reign of Charles II.

when the new street was formed.

And next adjoining is Derby House, sometime belonging to the Stanleys, för Thomas Stanley, first Earl of Derby of that name, who married the Lady Margaret, Countess of Richmond, mother to Henry VII., in his time built it. Queen Mary

1 Fortnightly Review, N. S., vol. xxxvii. (1885) p. 263.

successors.

gave it [July 18th, 1555] to Gilbert Dethike, then Garter principal King of Arms of Englishmen. and the other heralds and pursuivants at arms, and to their to the end that the said King of Arms, heralds, and pursuivants of arms and their successors, might at their liking dwell together, and at meet times to congregate, speak, confer, and agree among themselves for the good government of their faculty, and their records might be more safely kept.-Stow, p. 137.

Two escutcheons, one bearing the arms (and legs) of the Isle of Man, and the other the eagle's claw, ensigns of the House of Stanley, on the south side of the quadrangle, denote the site of old Derby House. Here is the Earl Marshal's office, once an important court, but now of little consequence. It was sometime called the Court of Honour, and took cognisance of words supposed to reflect upon the nobility. Sir Richard Granville was fined in it for having said that the Earl of Suffolk was a base lord; and Sir George Markham, in the sum of £10,000, for saying after he had horsewhipped the huntsman of Lord Darcy, that if his master justified his insolence he would serve him in the same manner. The appointment of heralds is in the gift of the Duke of Norfolk, as hereditary Earl Marshal.

Observe.-Sword, dagger, and turquoise ring, belonging to James IV. of Scotland, who fell at Flodden field.

They produce a better evidence of James's death than the iron-belt-the monarch's sword and dagger, which are still preserved in the Heralds' College in London.Sir Walter Scott (note to Marmion).

Portrait of Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury (the great warrior), from his tomb in old St. Paul's. Roll of the tournament holden at Westminster in honour of Queen Katherine, upon the birth of Prince Henry (1510), a most curious roll, engraved in the Monumenta Vetusta, vol. i. The Rous or Warwick roll: a series of figures of all the Earls of Warwick, from the Conquest to the reign of Richard III., executed by Rous, the antiquary of Warwick, at the close of the 15th century. Pedigree of the Saxon kings, from Adam, illustrated with many beautiful drawings in pen and ink (temp. Henry VIII.) of the Creation, Adam and Eve in Paradise, the Building of Babel, Rebuilding of the Temple, etc. MSS., consisting chiefly of Heralds' visitations; records of grants of arms and royal licenses; records of modern pedigrees (i.e. since the discontinuance of the visitations in 1687); a valuable collection of official funeral certificates; a portion of the Arundel MSS.; the Shrewsbury or Cecil papers, from which Lodge derived his Illustrations of British History; notes, etc. made by Glover, Vincent, Philipott, and Dugdale; a volume in the handwriting of the venerable Camden (Clarenceux); the collections of Sir Edward Walker, Secretary at War (temp. Charles I.)

The college consists of three kings-Garter, Clarenceux, and Norroy; of six heralds-Lancaster, Somerset, Richmond, Windsor, York, and Chester; and of four pursuivants-Rouge Croix, Bluemantle, Portcullis, and Rouge Dragon. The several appointments are in the gift of the Duke of Norfolk, as hereditary Earl Marshal.

Celebrated Officers of the College.-William Camden, Clarenceux;

VOL II

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Sir William Dugdale, Garter; Elias Ashmole, founder of the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford, Windsor Herald; Francis Sandford, author of the Genealogical History of England, Lancaster Herald; John Anstis, Garter; Sir John Vanbrugh, the poet, Clarenceux; Francis Grose, author of Grose's Antiquities, Richmond Herald; William Oldys, Norroy King at Arms, who died 1761 at his apartments in Heralds' College, and was buried in the neighbouring church of St. Benet's; Edmund Lodge (Lodge's Portraits), Clarenceux.

Hercules Buildings, LAMBETH, from Westminster Bridge Road (opposite Oakley Street) to Lambeth Road. William Blake came to live at No. 13 in 1793.

Blake's was among the humbler order of one-storeyed houses, on the left-hand side as you go to Lambeth Palace. It had a wainscoted parlour, pleasant low windows, and a narrow strip of real garden behind, wherein grew a fine vine... The street has since been partly rebuilt, partly renamed. At the back of what was Blake's side has arisen a row of ill-drained, one-storeyed tenements, bestridden by the arches of the South Western Railway.-Gilchrist's Life of Blake, vol. i. p. 100.

In this house Blake executed some of his noblest and some of his least comprehensible works; and in the summer-house in the garden his truest friend Mr. Butts found him one day with Mrs. Blake by his side, "freed from those troublesome disguises which have prevailed since the Fall." "Come in!" said Blake; "it's only Adam and Eve, you know."

Hercules' Pillars, FLEET STREET, south side, at the corner of Hercules' Pillars Alley, opposite St. Dunstan's church.

Hercules' Pillars Alley, but narrow, and altogether inhabited by such as keep Publick-Houses for Entertainment, for which it is of note.-Strype, B. iii. p. 277.

The Hercules' Pillars was a tavern in great repute in the 17th century with the lovers of good living. Pepys often dined here. On October 11, 1660, after having seen "The Moor of Venice, which was well done," at the Cockpit, where "Burt acted the Moor; by the same token, a very pretty lady that sat by me called out, to see Desdemona smothered," he adjourned "with Mr. Creed to Hercules' Pillars, where we drank." Again, February 6, 1667-1668, he carried his wife, Betty Turner, Mercer and Deb., "to Hercules' Pillars and there did give them a kind of a supper of about 7s., and very merry ;" and August 30, he "dined there all alone, while he sent his shoe to have the heel fastened at Wotton's."

February 22, 1668-1669.—After the play was done, we met with W. Batelier, and W. Hewer, and Talbot Pepys, and they followed us in a hackney-coach; and we all stopped at Hercules' Pillars; and there I did give them the best supper I could, and pretty merry; and so home between eleven and twelve at night.—Pepys.

April 30, 1669.-At noon my wife came to me at my tailor's, and I sent her home, and myself and Tom dined at Hercules' Pillars.-Pepys.

On one occasion he notes that he and "Mr. Gibson, and our clerks, and Mr. Clerke, the solicitor," went to "a little ordinary in Hercules'

Pillar Alley-the Crowne, a poor sorry place," where, however, they "had a good dinner, and very good discourse." Locke the philosopher, in his letter of advice to a foreigner about visiting England, 1679, speaking of "the home-made drinks of England," says, "There are also several sorts of compounded ales, as cock-ale, wormwood-ale, lemon-ale, scurvy-grass-ale, college-ale, etc. These are to be had at Hercules' Pillars, near the Temple." "1

Hercules' Pillars, HYDE PARK CORNER, a small inn or publichouse, a little west of Hamilton Place. It is mentioned in an advertisement in the London Gazette of December 12-15, 1730; and referred to by Wycherley in the Plain Dealer, 4to, 1676. Here Squire Western put his horses up when in pursuit of Tom Jones; and here FieldMarshal the Marquis of Granby was often found.

We must now convey the reader to Mr. Western's lodgings, which were in Piccadilly, where he was placed, at the recommendation of the landlord at the Hercules' Pillars, at Hyde Park Corner: for at the inn, which was the first he saw on his arrival in town, he placed his horses, and in those lodgings, which were the first he heard of, he deposited himself. Here, when Sophia alighted from the hackney-coach, which brought her from the house of Lady Bellaston, she desired to retire to the apartment provided for her, to which her father very readily agreed, and whither he attended her himself. While Sophia was left with no other company than what attend the closest state prisoner, fire and candle, the squire sat down to regale himself over a bottle of wine, with his parson and the landlord of the Hercules' Pillars, who, as the squire said, would make an excellent third man, and could inform them of the news of the town; for to be sure, says he, he knows a great deal, since the horses of many of the quality stand at his house.-Tom Jones, B. xvi. chap. ii.

...

Hermes Street, PENTONVILLE ROAD, north side, the next turning west of Penton Street, so called from Hermes House, erected here by the eccentric physician Dr. De Valangin about 1770. Here William Huntington, S.S. (Sinner Saved), "the Coalheaver, beloved of his God, but abhorred of Men,"—as he caused to be inscribed on his monument, -spent his last years, and here died, June 11, 1813. On Hermes Hill, at the White Conduit end of Hermes Street, that pleasant painter, Thomas Uwins, R.A., was born, 1783, and spent his boyhood.

Hermitage, Islington, near the Islington end of St. John Street Road, a hermitage and chapel founded in 1511 by Robert Baker, "hermit of the Order of St. Paul, the first hermit," on land given and endowed for the purpose by Thomas Docwra, Prior, and the brethren of the hospital of St. John of Jerusalem at Clerkenwell. Part of the lands annexed to the hermitage was in the next century acquired by Lady Owen, and devoted by her to the support of the Owen Schools. The adjacent fields were known as Hermitage Fields. A row of houses, called Hermitage Place, on the east side, and near the top of St. John Street Road, commemorated the site of the Hermitage and Hermitage Fields, till the name was abolished by the authorities a few years ago.

1 Lord King's Life of Locke, p. 35.

Hermitage (The), LONDON WALL, known as the Hermitage of Cripplegate, was a hermitage or cell, dedicated to St. James, belonging to the Abbey of Geredon. It was situated "in the Wall by Cripplegate," at the north end of what is now Monkwell Street.

At the north corner of this street, on the same side, was sometime an Hermitage or Chapel of St. James, called in the Wall, near Cripplegate; it belonged to the Abbey and Convent of St. Garadon, as appeareth by a record, the 27th of Edward I., and also the 16th of Edward III. William de Lions was hermit there, and the Abbot and convent of Geredon found two chaplains, Cistercians, monks of their house, in this hermitage; one of them for Aymor de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, and Mary de St. Paule, his countess. Of these monks, and of a well pertaining to them, this street took the name and is called Monks' well Street.1 This Hermitage, with the appurtenances, was in the reign of Edward VI. purchased from the said king by William Lambe, one of the gentlemen of the King's chapel, citizen and clothworker of London : he deceased in the year 1577, and then gave it to the Clothworkers of London, with other tenements, to the value of fifty pounds the year, to the intent they shall hire a minister to say divine service there.-Stow, p. 118.

Hermitage (The) WAPPING, immediately east of St. Katherine's, so called, says Stow, "of a hermit sometime being there." In Stow's boyhood there were no buildings thereabouts, but when he wrote large and strong houses had been built by "shipwrights and other marine men" for their own use and "smaller for sailors." Hermitage Dock appears in old maps as a natural creek; it now, as Hermitage Basin, forms the western entrance and basin of the London Docks. Here was one of the six original Penny Post Offices.

The Hermitage Office is in Swedeland Court, near the King's Slaughter-house by East Smithfield.-Delaune, Anglia Metrop., 1690, p. 346.

Here lived Joseph Ames, the author of the Typographical Antiquities. Cole says that "he lived in a strange street or lane in Wapping;" and Francis Grose gives the exact locality :

Mr. Ames lived in the Hermitage, Wapping, and kept a very small ironmonger's shop. He was totally ignorant of every language but English, which last, indeed, he did not speak with the greatest purity.-Grose's Biographical Anecdotes, p. 134. Here was the abode, when on shore, of Lieutenant Bowling.

We parted not without tears . . . and he entreated me to write to him often, directing to Lieutenant Thomas Bowling, at the sign of the Union Flag, near the Hermitage, London.-Smollett, Roderick Random, chap. xlii.

Eminent

Hertford Street, MAY FAIR, east side of Park Lane. Inhabitants.-Lord Charlemont writes to Flood from Hertford Street, May Fair, in 1766. Lord Sandwich (Jemmy Twitcher) was living at No. 11, and there died in 1792. On February 6, 1783, Launcelot (Capability) Brown died suddenly at his residence, Hertford Street, on his return from a visit to his old friend the Earl of Coventry. Brown was (like Paxton) a common gardener at Stowe, but lived to amass a large fortune. "The places he laid out or altered," says Loudon, "are beyond all reckoning." Lord Goderich was living here in 1782. George Tierney, at No. 12, in 1796-1799. Richard Brinsley

1 A mistake of Stow's. [See Monkwell Street.]