Sheridan at No. 10 from 1796 to 1800. At No. 10 died General Burgoyne (author of the Heiress), August 4, 1792; and in this house Mr. Dent had his fine library, and here died in 1819. Charles Grey, M.P., afterwards Earl Grey of the Reform Bill, was residing at No. 14 in 1799 and some subsequent years. Afterwards No. 14 was the house which Dr. Jenner, the promulgator of vaccination for small-pox, was induced to take for ten years, when in 1804 he removed from Gloucestershire to settle in London; but his fees fell off both in number and value, and he returned to Gloucestershire before his term was out. Charles, first Earl of Liverpool, died in 1808 at No. 26. Lord Ellenborough died at his house in Hertford Street in 1818. John Anstey, author of the Pleaders' Guide, in 1819. Sir E. Lytton Bulwer (Lord Lytton) was resident at No. 36 in 1831-1834. Sir George Cornewall Lewis in 1839.

Hicks's Hall, the Sessions House of the County of Middlesex, in the broad part of St. John Street, Clerkenwell, opposite the Windmill Inn, and so named after Sir Baptist Hicks, of Kensington, a mercer of Cheapside, one of the justices of the county, afterwards Viscount Campden (d. 1629), at whose cost it was built in 1612. In 1619 James I. issued a "Grant to Sir Baptist Hickes and other Justices of the Peace for Middlesex, that the building they have erected near the Sessions House in St. John Street, Clerkenwell, shall be a prison or gaol for the county for ever, for all offences save treason and felony." 1 Hicks's Hall becoming much out of repair the magistrates, 1779, obtained an Act empowering them to remove their Sessions House to a more convenient site on Clerkenwell Green, where it still stands. [See Clerkenwell Sessions House.]

Sir Baptist Hicks, knight, one of the Justices of the County, builded a very stately Session House of brick and stone, with all offices thereunto belonging, at his own proper charges, and upon Wednesday, the 13 of January, this yere 1612, by which time this house was fully finished, there assembled 26 Justices of the County, being the first day of their meeting in that place, where they were all feasted by Sir Baptist Hicks, and then they all with one consent gave it a proper name, and called it Hicks's Hall, after the name of the founder, who then freely gave the same house to them and their successors for ever. Untill this time the Justices of Middlesex held their usuall meeting in a common Inn, called the Castle [near Smithfield Bars].— Howes, ed. 1631, p. 1003.

An old dull sot who told the clock
For many years at Bridewell Dock,
At Westminster and Hicks's Hall,
And hiccius-doctius played in all.

William, Lord Russell, the patriot, was condemned to death in Hicks's

1 Cal. State Pap., 1619-1623, p. 66.

Hall; and Count Koningsmarck, the real, though not the actual, assassin of Mr. Thynne, was acquitted in the same building. The distance on the mile-stones of the great north road were formerly measured from Hicks's Hall.

Highbury, a suburban district and manor in Islington parish, lying north of that place and Canonbury. The manor, then called Newington Barowe, of about 1000 acres, was given by Alice Barowe about 1271 to the Priory of St. John of Jerusalem. On the suppression of religious houses it passed to the Crown, and was granted to Thomas Cromwell. Reverting to the Crown it was assigned to the Princess Mary, who on ascending the throne restored it to the prior of St. John's. By James I. it was given to Prince Henry, and on his death to Prince Charles, who when king granted it in 1629 to Sir Allen Apsley, Lieutenant of the Tower. It has several times changed owners since, and remains in private hands. The Manor House,

a strong moated mansion known as Highbury Castle, was destroyed in 1381, during the Wat Tyler insurrection, by a party of the rioters who had already sacked the Priory of St. John. From their leader, Jack Straw, the place obtained the name of Jack Straw's Castle, its popular designation down almost to our own day.1 When a survey of the manor was made for Henry, Prince of Wales, in 1611, it was stated that there had been a "capital mansion, standing, as it was reported, within a moat yet remaining, but the house was decayed beyond the memory of man." A new Highbury House was built by John Dawes, "an opulent stock-broker," who bought the site in 1781, and it afterwards obtained some celebrity as the residence of Alexander Anbert, F.R.S., who built an observatory in the grounds for the great reflecting telescope, made by Short for Topham Beauclerc.

In olden times Highbury was noted for its woods, abounding in oaks and alders, which last, writes Gerard (1633), "I found great plenty of in a wood a mile from Islington, in the way thence towards a small village called Harnsey." Now Highbury has "parks" and "groves," but they are of "detached and semi-detached villas," crescents and streets, occupied mostly by City and professional men. There are two or three modern churches (Christ Church, St. Augustine's, St. Saviour's, St. John's, etc.), several large chapels, and a Church Theological College, formerly a college for training Congregationalist ministers; and the once popular place of entertainment, Highbury Barn. At the southern end is the Highbury Station of the North London Railway, and tram lines extend from Highbury to Moorgate Street and Aldersgate Street.

Highbury Place. Abraham Newland, chief cashier of the Bank of England, and whose signature was for so many years attached to the bank notes, died at No. 38, October 21, 1807.

1 Lysons, vol. ii. p. 478; Tomline, p. 198.

Prior to September in that year he had slept for five-and-twenty years at his apartments in the Bank without absenting himself for a single night. After the business at the Bank in his department had ended, and he had taken his moderate repast, his carriage was brought, and was as constantly ordered to Highbury, in the vicinity of Islington, where he drank tea at a small cottage. Those who live in that neighbourhood well recollect his daily walk, hail, rain, or sunshine, along the row of buildings called Highbury Place, and on his return to his carriage his uniform tribute of gratitude to his large unwieldy horses, he always crossing the way and patting them, however uncleanly the road, and however inclement the weather.-Life of Abraham Newland, 1808, p. 100.

The meadows enclosed by Highbury Place, Highbury Crescent, and Highbury Terrace, have been acquired by the local authorities, and are laid out and planted, and are known as Highbury Fields.

High Holborn. [See Holborn.]

Hill Street, BERKELEY SQUARE, west side, to South Audley Street. Eminent Inhabitants.-The good Lord Lyttelton, from 1755 to his death in 1773; and his son, the wicked Lord Lyttelton. Here the latter lord was said to have had the extraordinary vision which foretold his death (November 1779). Admiral Byng in 1756. Mrs. Montague (in her husband's lifetime) here gave her noted parties.

February 1769.-From thence I went by invitation to Mrs. M., the witty and the learned, and found a formal fashionable circle. I had a whisper with Mrs. Boscawen, another with Lady Bute, and a wink from the Duchess of Portland-poor diet for one who loves a plentiful meal of social friendship.—Mrs. Delany, vol. iv. p. 204.

May 28, 1773.-If I had paper and time I could entertain you with the account of Mrs. M.'s (Hill Street) Room of Cupidons, which was opened with an assembly for all the foreigners, the literati, and the macaronis of the present age. Many and sly are the observations. How such a genius, at her age and so circumstanced, could think of painting the walls of her dressing-room with bowers of roses and jessamins entirely inhabited by little Cupids in all their little wanton ways is astonishing! unless she looks on herself as the wife of old Vulcan, and mother to all those little gods.-Mrs. Delany, vol. iv. p. 508.

Lord Chief Justice Malmesbury (whose

Here in 1788 died Smollett's Lady Vane. Camden died here in 1794. The first Lord diary on the subject of the marriage of George IV. is so curious and important) died in 1820 in No. 21. No. 24 was Lord de Tabley's, and here his lordship formed his celebrated collection of pictures of the English school. At No. 19, the last house on north-west side, Lord Colborne had his fine collection of pictures. At No. 20 lived William Windham; at No. 21 William Grant; at No. 29 Sir Abraham Hume; and at No. 20 Philip Metcalfe, the friend of Johnson and Reynolds. The seventh Earl of Carlisle (the popular Lord Morpeth) was born in Hill Street, April 8, 1802.

Hinde Street, MANCHESTER SQUARE, was so called after Peter and Jacob Hinde, to whom a part of Marylebone Park was let in the years 1754 and 1765. "Jacob Hinde of Cavendish Square, Esquire, married in 1755 Miss Thayer of Argyll Buildings." Hence Thayer Street, Manchester Square. Miss Thayer had a fortune of £40,000.

Hippodrome, NOTTING HILL, a race ground, riding school, and training establishment, founded in 1837 by Mr. Whyte. The ground secured for the purpose was on the slopes of Notting Hill and the Portobello Meadows west of Westbourne Grove. Here was laid down a rather confined but good course for "flat" racing, and a steeplechase course of over two miles. Stabling and boxes were provided for nearly a hundred race-horses, and every requisite for training horses and teaching equestrians. The Hippodrome was opened under favouring auspices on June 3, 1837, with Count D'Orsay and the Earl of Chesterfield as stewards. But its prosperity was shortlived. The ground was moist, and, except in very dry seasons, unfitted for training horses; the race-course lacked the charms of the more distant Ascot and Epsom. The last race was run in June 1841. The riding school lingered a few years longer. Now the ground is covered with houses, St. John's Church serving to mark where the Hippodrome was. [See Batty's Hippodrome.]

Hockley in the Hole, near, and to the north-west of, CLERKENWELL GREEN. Ray Street, foot of Coppice Row, and the Clerkenwell Workhouse occupy the site, which continues to be below the level of the neighbourhood, though in part raised in forming Farringdon Road. Back Hill and Little Saffron Hill rise out of it. Hockley in the Hole was a place of public diversion-a kind of Bear Garden, celebrated for its bear and bull-baitings, trials of skill, and its breed of bull-dogs. It is mentioned by Taylor, the Water Poet (d. 1654), as among the places of resort in his time.

Every Gill Turntripe, Mistress Fumkins, Madam Polecat, and my Lady Trash, Froth the tapster, Bill the tailor, Lavender the broker, Whiff the tobacco seller, with their companion Trugs, must be coach'd to Saint Albanes, Bruntwood, Hockley in the Hole, Croydon, Windsor, Uxbridge, and many other places, like wild haggards prancing up and down.-Taylor, Works, pt. ii. p. 238.

In Every Man out of his Humour (Act iv. Sc. 4) Ben Jonson mentions Hockley i' the Hole with Newmarket, Salisbury Plain, and Gads Hill as being infamous for highway robberies. Oldham (temp. Charles II.), in a note to one of his poems, says that a man named Preston was the keeper, or marshal, as he was sometimes called. He was killed and almost devoured by a bear, and was succeeded by his son, by whom Esop at the Bear Garden, a libel on Pope (1715), is said to have been written. Elizabeth Preston, his daughter, is referred to with some humour in a paper on Hockley in the Hole, in the 436th number of The Spectator. Gay commemorates the days of performance in his entertaining Trivia :—

Mondays and Thursdays are the days of game; and in the Beggars' Opera Mrs. Peachum says:

You should to Hockley in the Hole and to Marybone, Child, to learn valour; these are the schools that have bred so many brave men.

And again :—

You know, Sir, you sent him as far as Hockley in the Hole for three of the ladies, for one in Vinegar Yard, and for the rest of them somewhere about Lewkners Lane. Pope carries the name of Cibber to this then popular purlieu :— Back to the Devil the last echoes roll,

And Coll each butcher roars in Hockley-Hole.

In the amusing Tatler of June 14, 1709 (No. 28), speaking of the sham-fights of the Train Bands, Steele says:

I have myself seen Prince Eugene make Catinat fly from the backside of Gray's Inn Lane to Hockley in the Hole, and not give over the pursuit, till obliged to leave the Beargarden on the right, to avoid being borne down by fencers, wild bulls, and monsters too terrible for the encounter of any heroes, but such whose lives are their livelihood.

Nor has Fielding overlooked it. His Jonathan Wild the Great was the son of Elizabeth, daughter of Scragg Hollow, of Hockley in the Hole, Esquire. The venomous letter of Iscariot Hackney the hack-scribbler -ascribed to Savage but really by Pope-is dated from Hockley in the Hole. The cost of admission to the Bear Garden in 1715 was half

a crown.

At His Majesty's Bear Garden in Hockley-in-the-Hole, a Trial of Skill is to be performed to-morrow, being the 9th of July, 1701 (without beat of Drum), between these following Masters :-I, John Terrewest, of Oundle, in Northamptonshire, Master of the Noble Science of Defence, do invite you William King, who lately fought Mr. Joseph Thomas, once more to meet me, and exercise at the usual weapons.—I, William King, will not fail to meet this fair inviter, desiring a clear stage and from him no favour.-Note. There is lately built a pleasant cool Gallery for gentlemen.-Advertisement in the Postboy for 1701.

This is to give Notice to

At the Bear Garden in Hockley in the Hole, 1710. all Gentlemen, Gamesters, and others, that on this present Monday is a Match to be fought by two Dogs, one from Newgate Market, against one from Honey Lane Market, at a Bull, for a guinea to be spent, five Let-goes out off hand, which goes fairest and farthest in wins all; likewise a Green Bull to be baited, which was never baited before, and a Bull to be turned loose with Fire Works all over him; also a Mad Ass to be baited; with variety of Bull baiting and Bear baiting; and a Dog to be drawn up with Fire Works. Beginning exactly at three of the clock.-Handbill in Bagford's Collection in the British Museum.

A third description of challenge was copied by Malcolm from the public prints of the year 1722 :

I, Elizabeth Wilkinson, of Clerkenwell, having had some words with Hannah Hyfield, and requiring satisfaction, do invite her to meet me on the stage and box with me for three guineas, each woman holding half-a-crown in each hand, and the first woman that drops her money to lose the battle! [This was to escape scratching. The acceptance is equally curious.] I, Hannah Hyfield, of Newgate Market, hearing of the resoluteness of Elizabeth Wilkinson, will not fail, God willing, to give her more blows than words, desiring home blows, and from her no favour.

Both Hockley Hole and Marybone
The combats of my dog have known.—

Gay, Fables, 1727.

He [Boswell] shrinks from the Baltic expedition, which I think is the best scheme in our power. In the phrase of Hockley in the Hole it is a pity he has not " a better bottom."-Johnson to Mrs. Thrale, September 13, 1777.