figure of her second husband, Richard Mountpesson. Several good James I. monuments, to the Seymour and Egerton families, etc. Tablet "In memory of the late deceased virgin Elizabeth Hereicke." Monument to Mrs. Corbet, with epitaph by Pope. There were once many brasses in the church, but their absence is explained by the following entry in the Churchwardens' Accounts: "1644. For 29 lbs. of fine brasse at 4d. a lb., and 66 lbs. of coarse brasse at 3d. a lb., taken off from sondrie tomb-stones in the Church, 1:13:6."1 Some of the old chancel stalls still remain at the west end of the nave aisles.

Eminent Persons buried in.-William Caxton (d. 1491), the printer. John Skelton, Poet Laureate to Henry VIII. (d. 1529). Nicholas Udall (d. 1556), author of Ralph Roister Doister, our earliest English comedy. Thomas Churchyard (d. 1604), author of Chips Concerning Scotland. Sir Walter Raleigh (d. 1618), and Carew Raleigh, his son (d. 1666-1667); "in the chancel at the upper end, almost near the altar." 2 Alphonso Ferrabosco, the musician (d. 1652). Henry Elsynge, the clerk of the House of Commons in the time of the Long Parliament (d. 1656). James Harrington, author of Oceana (d. 1677); "in the chancel next to the grave of Sir Walter Raleigh, under the south side of the altar where the Priest stands; "3 the inscription is still legible. The second wife of John Milton (d. 1658). Mother of Oliver Cromwell; she was originally buried in Henry VII.'s chapel, but at the Restoration her body was taken up, September 12, 1661, with Admiral Blake's, May the poet's, and others, and buried in a pit dug for the purpose in St. Margaret's churchyard. Lady Denham, wife of Sir John Denham, the poet (d. 1666-1667). Wenceslaus Hollar,

the engraver (d. 1677).

He [Hollar] dyed on our Ladie-Day (25 Martij), 1677, and is buried in St. Margaret's Church-yard at Westminster, neer the North West Corner of the Tower. -Aubrey, vol. iii. p. 403.

Gad

Sir John Cutler, the miser, commemorated by Pope (d. 1693). bury, the astrologer (d. 1704). Dr. Hickes, whose Thesaurus is so well known (d. 1715); buried in churchyard. Eminent Persons married in.-Lord Chancellor Clarendon, to his second wife, Frances Aylesbury, the grandmother of Queen Mary and Queen Anne. Waller, the poet. Milton, the poet, to his second wife, Katherine Woodcocke. Samuel Pepys, the entertaining diarist. Jeremy Bentham, founder of the Utilitarian System of Political Economy. Bishop Heber to his first wife. Thomas Campbell, author of The Pleasures of Hope. Eminent Persons baptized in.-Thomas Betterton, the actor. Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine and Duchess of Cleveland. Henry Aldrich, Dean of Christ Church, author of the Oxford System of Logic, and builder of the Peckwater Quadrangle.

Latimer preached the Lent Lectures in this church before Edward VI. during the first three years of that monarch's reign. On April 14,

1 Walcott, p. 147.

2 Wood's Ath. Oxon., vol. i. p. 440.

3 Ibid. vol. ii. p. 594.

4 Wood's Fasti, p. 88.

1555, as the priest, Sir John Cheltan, was saying mass in this church, and "holding the sacrament in his hands," one William Branch, otherwise Flower, drew "his wood-knife or hanger" and struck the priest on the head and hands, "drawing blood abundantly upon him." Branch was arrested, tried before Bishop Bonner, and sentenced by him to have his right hand cut off and then be burned alive; which was done to the letter in St. Margaret's churchyard on April 24.1

St. Margaret's is the church of the House of Commons; and here, in Charles I.'s time, all the Fast Day Sermons were preached before Pym, Cromwell, Harrison, Praise-God Barebone, and the rest of the then Parliament of England. Here the members subscribed the Solemn League and Covenant; and here Peters preached, inciting the Parliament to bring Charles I. to trial.2

The Fast-Day Sermons at St. Margaret's, Westminster, in spite of printers, are all grown dumb!... They are dead and gone, they and what they shadowed. Alas, and did not the honourable Houses of Parliament listen to them with rapt earnestness, as to an indisputable message from Heaven itself? Learned and painful Dr. Owen, learned and painful Dr. Burgess, Stephen Marshall, Mr. Spurstow, Adoniram Byfield, Hugh Peters, Philip Nye: the Printer has done for them what he could-and no most astonishing Review-Article of our day can have half such "brilliancy," such potency, half such virtue for producing belief, as these their poor little dumpy quartos once had.-T. Carlyle (Cromwell's Letters, etc., p. 15).

Pym was here at a Solemn Fast listening to a sermon when Waller's Plot was revealed to Parliament. It was here, while a boy at Westminster School, that late one evening, in a glimmering light, Cowper received the second of his serious impressions, which gave a colour and character to his after life.

As I was crossing St. Margaret's church-yard late one evening, I saw a glimmering light in the midst of it, which raised my curiosity. Just as I arrived at the spot, a grave-digger, who was at work by the light of his lanthorn, threw up a skull which struck me upon the leg. This little incident was an alarm to my conscience : for that evening may be remembered among the best religious documents which I received at Westminster.-Cowper's Memoir of his Early Life, p. 22.

Margaret's (St.) Hill, SOUTHWARK, the open space in front of the present Town Hall Chambers, and so called from the church of St. Margaret, Southwark, or St. Margaret on the Hill. Of the old Town Hall there is a view in Wilkinson's Londina Illustrata.

Arrangnment and execution of 19 pyrates, endite at St. Margaret's Hill on Southwarke, 22 Dec. last, and executed friday following.-Black Letter, 1609. George I., in making his entry into London, September 20, 1714, was here addressed by the Recorder, Sir Peter King, afterward Chancellor. Here was held Southwark Fair, whence it was often spoken of as St. Margaret's Fair.

Margaret Street, CAVENDISH SQUARE, so called after Lady

1 Articles ministered to William Branch, alias Flower, Foxe's Martyrology, ed. 1597, p. 431, etc.; Machyn's Diary.

2 Whitelocke, ed. 1732, p. 74; Trial of Hugh Peters; Troubles in England, fol. 1680, p. 365.

Margaret Cavendish Harley, daughter and heiress of Edward, second
Earl of Oxford.
She was

My noble, lovely, little Peggy,

of Prior; and in her old age, as Dowager Duchess of Portland, gave her name to the Barberini vase. On the site now occupied by All Saints Church a chapel was opened in 1776 by the Rev. David Williams (the founder of the Literary Fund) to carry out a scheme of worship intended to include "all honest pious men," of whatever creed or form of faith and doctrine. The scheme quickly fell through, and the chapel was used by a congregation calling themselves Bereans. The Sisterhood of All Saints occupy several houses on the south side of the street opposite to the church. Henry Maudslay lived in this street. Henry Edridge, A.R.A. (d. 1821), a clever and fashionable portrait painter, lived for twenty years at No. 64. Thomas Campbell went to live at No. 62 when the New Monthly Magazine was started under his editorship.

Margus's. [See Motteux's.]

Marine Society, office, 54 BISHOPSGATE STREET WITHIN, was instituted 1756 by Fowler Walker, Sir John Fielding, and Jonas Hanway, for the purpose of fitting out and training poor boys for service at sea. This society maintains an admirably managed training-ship, the Warspite, stationed off Charlton pier, in which 500 boys are always in training. It places out annually about 200 boys; of whom about one-fourth are sent into the Royal Navy, and three-fourths into the mercantile service. The society also grants pensions of £10 each to forty-three widows of naval captains and lieutenants. The present house was built for the society in 1774.

Mark Lane, 55 FENCHURCH Street to 67 Great Tower STREET. In this street is situated the great Corn Market of the metropolis. Its name was originally Mart Lane, so called of a privilege sometime enjoyed to keep a mart there, but long since discontinued. It occurs as Martelane in a Coroner's Roll of November 1276.

September 2, 1666 (Lord's Day).—Some of our maids sitting up late last night to get things ready against our feast to-day, Jane called us up about three in the morning, to tell us of a great fire they saw in the City. So I rose and slipped on my night-gown and went to her window; and thought it to be on the back-side of Marke Lane at the farthest. So went to bed again and to sleep. . . . By and by Jane comes and tells me that she hears that above 300 houses have been burned down to-night by the fire we saw, and that it is now burning down all Fish Street, by London Bridge.-Pepys.

This was the beginning of what has ever since been known as the Great Fire. But Mark Lane, though injured, was not destroyed in that conflagration, it being one of the points at which the progress of the flames was arrested. In the first number of the London Gazette issued after the Fire, September 8, 1666, is the following notification:

1 Dr. Somerville's Life.

We are desired to certifie that the affairs of the Custom House are now transacted at Mr. Jo. Bland's house, formerly known as the house of the Lord Baynings in Mark Lane, where the Farmers and officers of his Majesty's Customs, with their clerks and attendants, will be ready on all occasions at the usual times, for the dispatch of all affairs belonging to them.

Milton's friend, Cyriac Skinner, was a merchant in this lane. Here stood a Dissenting meeting - house founded in the 17th century by Joseph Caryll, author of a voluminous Commentary on Job. Here Isaac Watts came in 1698, at the age of twenty-four, to be assistant to Dr. Chauncey, whom he succeeded as pastor. In June 1704 the meeting was removed to Pinners' Hall. The church of Allhallows Staining was at the Fenchurch Street end of the lane, and the tower still remains in à small churchyard in rear of warehouses. A very few years ago there remained in Mark Lane several of the stately old red brick mansions, standing in open courts and shaded by spreading limes or planes; but they have one after another been removed to make room for huge blocks of offices or chambers. In removing one of these in 1871 a rather elegant Roman tesselated pavement was uncovered and many broken fragments of Samian ware. [See Allhallows Staining Church; Corn Exchange; Blind Chapel Court.]

Mark's (St.) College, FULHAM ROAD, CHELSEA, was established in 1841 in connection with the National Society, for the purpose of training masters for Church of England schools. Mr. Mathison, a prominent member of the National Society's Committee, was the active promoter of the institution, and a large contributor to the necessarily heavy outlay.2 The building, French Gothic, Mr. Edward Blore, architect, was erected in 1843. The choir consists of the students, with eight boys (paid) and eight probationers, selected from the college schools. The college is largely supported by the Government grant, which in 1887 amounted to £5815, together with about £2000 from other sources. There were in that year 116 students.

Mark's (St.) Hospital, CITY ROAD, for the relief of poor persons suffering from fistula and other diseases of the rectum, was founded in 1835, mainly through the exertions of the late Mr. Salmon. 305. inpatients and 1759 out-patients were treated in 1887; but the Committee say that "while one hundred beds are urgently needed for the reception of the in-patients, they are limited to 30 in the present building," which was erected 1852 from the designs of J. Wallen, architect, and they strongly call for assistance from the wealthy to "enable them to remove the hospital from the City Road to some healthy neighbourhood, where, in a much larger building, situate in its own. grounds and surrounded by purer air, the patients would convalesce from operations more rapidly and successfully."

Market Street, ST. JAMES'S MARKET. George III.'s fair quakeress, Hannah Lightfoot, whose very existence was doubted by the late 1 Milner's Life of Watts, p. 209. 2 Ashwell's Life of Bishop Wilberforce, vol. i. p. 147.

Mr. Thoms, is said to have resided at the shop of Wheeler, a linen draper at the corner of this street. She is said to have been married (1759) to George III. privately in Kew Chapel.

Marlborough Club, 52 PALL MALL (south side), a general club, established in 1859, limited to 500 members. Entrance fee, 30 guineas, annual subscription, 10 guineas. It was built on the site of the Shakespeare Gallery.

Marlborough House, PALL MALL, designed 1709-1710 by Sir Christopher Wren for John Churchill, the great Duke of Marlborough. It was at first intended to be erected on ground leased by Queen Anne to the duchess," heretofore built and used for keeping of pheasants, guinea hens, partridges, and other fowl," but this was surrendered to the Crown, and a fresh grant made, after certain payments, of "all that house, yards, gardens, curtilages, ground, and buildings, and other the premises which were demised by the late King Charles the Second in trust for Queen Catherine," together with "that piece of garden ground taken out of St. James's Park, then in the possession of Henry Boyle, one of Her Majesty's principal Secretaries of State."1

The next grant of which by my Lord Godolphin's means I obtained the promise from the Queen [Anne] after the Queen Dowager's death [Catherine, Queen of Charles II.] was the ground in St. James' Park upon which my house stands. This has been valued by my enemies at £10,000, how justly let any one determine, who will consider that a certain rent is paid for it to the Exchequer, that the grant was at first but for fifty years, and that the building has cost between forty and fifty thousand pounds, of which the Queen never paid one shilling, though many people have been made to believe otherwise.-An Account of the Conduct of the Duchess of Marlborough, p. 292.

Marlborough House, the palace of the Duke of Marlborough, in every way answerable to the grandeur of its Master. Its situation is more confined than that of the Duke of Buckinghamshire; but the body of the house much nobler, more compact, and the apartments better disposed. It is situated at the West End of the King's Garden on the Park-side, and fronts the Park, but with no other prospect but the view. Its Court is very spacious and finely paved; the Offices are large and on each side as you enter; the stairs mounting to the gate are very noble; and in the Vestibule as you enter, are finely painted the Battles of Hockstet and Blenheim with the taking Marshal Tallard prisoner.-Macky, A Journey through England, 8vo, 1722, vol. i. p. 196.

The expense, £44,000, the duchess tells us, was entirely defrayed by the duke. Wren was employed, to vex Vanbrugh. The house is a long low building of dark red brick, with stone rusticated pilasters and dressings, niches in the park front, and a balustrade on the summit. The walls of the principal staircases and great hall were decorated with paintings by Laguerre of Marlborough's victories. In course of the alterations made in the house in 1861 these paintings, covering in all some 500 square yards of surface, were found hidden under successive coats of paint and paper-hangings; but when these were cleared off Laguerre's work was found to be in surprising preservation. Though the pictures had been long forgotten, there are contemporary engravings of them.2 2 London Spy, April 16, 1717.

1 Docquet of Grant, June 10, 1709, in Harl. MS. 2264.