are several busy booking offices, as the Old Bailey is the great collecting place for the suburban carriers. Here is the Sunday School Union, a spacious recent building, containing, besides the usual working offices of the society, a hall, with platform and organ, for meetings and worship, library and reading-room for the use of Sunday School teachers, and Biblical Museum.

Old Belton Street, ST. GILES'S. [See Endell Street.]

Old 'Change, Cheapside, to Knightrider Street, properly Old Exchange, but known by its present title since the early part of the 17th century.

Old Exchange, a street so called of the King's Exchange there kept, which was for the receipt of bullion to be coined.-Stow, p. 120.

The celebrated Lord Herbert of Cherbury lived, in the reign of James I., in a "house among gardens near the Old Exchange." At the beginning of the last century the place was chiefly inhabited by Armenian merchants.2 At present (1890) it is principally occupied by silk, woollen, and Manchester warehousemen. On the west side were formerly St. Paul's School and the church of St. Mary Magdalen; on the east is the church of St. Augustine.

Old Exchange (The). [See Royal Exchange.]

Old Jewry, a street running from the north side of the POULTRY to GRESHAM STREET, so called as being in the Middle Ages the Jews' quarter of the City. [See Jewry.]

Then is the Old Jewrie, a street so called of Jews some time dwelling there, and near adjoining. William, Duke of Normandy, first brought them from Rouen

to inhabit here.-Stow, p. 105.

Observe.-Church of St. Olave's, Jewry.-On the east side the "Lord Mayor's Court," a court of record, the jurisdiction of which extends to all places within the City and Liberties. The recorder is at the head of the court, and there is an assistant judge. Alexander Brome, the Cavalier song-writer, was an attorney in this court; and Bancroft, the founder of the almshouses which bear his name, an officer attached. The last turning but two on the east side (walking towards Cateaton Street, now Gresham Street) was called Windmill Court, from the Windmill Tavern, mentioned in the curious inventory of "Innes for Horses seen and viewed," preparatory to the visit of Charles V. of Spain to Henry VIII., in the year 1522.3

1522.-Innes for horses seen and viewed. [Two out of the six secured were in the Old Jewry.]

The signe of the Wyndemylne, in the Old Jury, xiiij. beddes, a stable for xx horses.

The signe of the Maydenhede, in the said Jury, x beddes, a stable for xl horses. "From the Windmill" in the Old Jewry Master Wellbred writes to Master Knowell, in Ben Jonson's play of Every Man in his Humour. 2 Strype, B. iii. p. 141.

1 Lord Herbert's Autobiography, p. 126.

3 Rutland Papers, p. 93.

Kitely, in the same play, was a merchant in the Old Jewry. The house or palace of Sir Robert Clayton (built for his mayoralty, 1672, and now the property of the Grocers' Company), on the east side, was long a magnificent example of a merchant's residence, containing a superb banqueting-room, wainscoted with cedar, and adorned with battles of gods and giants. These paintings, which Lord Macaulay wrongly described as being in fresco, were the work of Robert Streater (d. 1680), and were long ago removed by the Clayton family to their seat, Mardon, near Godstone, Surrey. Evelyn, who dined in the house immediately after it was finished, described the paintings as "incomparably done, but the figures are too near the eye." The house was pulled down in 1684. Here the London Institution was first lodged; and here, in the rooms he occupied as librarian, Professor Porson died (1808). Dr. James Foster, Pope's "modest Foster"

Let modest Foster, if he will, excel

Ten Metropolitans in preaching well

was a preacher in the Old Jewry for more than twenty years. He first became popular from Lord Chancellor Hardwicke stopping in the porch of his chapel in the Old Jewry to escape from a shower of rain. Thinking he might as well hear what was going on, he went in, and was so well pleased that he sent all his great acquaintances to hear Foster. It was in the Old Jewry Chapel that Dr. Richard Price preached on November 4, 1789, the "Discourse on the Love of our Country," which incited Burke to write his famous Reflections on the French Revolution. No. 19 is the National Debt and Government Life Annuity Office. No. 26 the Chief Office of the City Police; and here, at his official residence as chief commissioner, died in 1863 the once, noted radical orator Daniel Whittle Harvey, M.P. for Colchester and Southwark. Within the last few years the appearance of the street has been materially altered by the erection of several sets of commercial chambers.

Old King's Head Tavern, LEADENHALL STREET. [See Leadenhall Street.]

Old Palace Yard. [See Palace Yard.]

Old Square, LINCOLN'S INN, called also OLD BUILDINGS, is entered by the Gatehouse, Chancery Lane. Here are the Old Hall and Chapel. In No. 1 Old Square, then called Gatehouse Court, in a small set of chambers three stories high, William Murray, afterwards Lord Mansfield, began the study of the law. And here, seventy years later, at No. 2, in chambers of equally modest pretension-"they are the cheapest in the Inn, of course not the best,"-his countryman John Campbell, who, as Lord Campbell, Lord Chief Justice, and Lord Chancellor, was to attain a like eminence, commenced his legal career.

Old Street, ST. LUKE'S, runs from GOSWELL STREET to SHOREDITCH, opposite Shoreditch Church,

Eald Street, so called, for that it was the old highway from Aldersgate for the north-east parts of England, before Bishopsgate was built, which street runneth east to a smith's forge, sometime a cross before Shoreditch church, from whence the passengers and carriages were to turn north to King's land, Tottenham, Waltham, Ware," etc.-Stow, p. 160.

The choicest fruits of the kingdom were reared in King James I.'s time by John Milton, in his Nursery in Old Street.-Oldys on Trees (MS.)

Here, in Queen Elizabeth's reign, was "The Rose Ground," of about 3 acres area; and here, in a garden house, where, says Langbaine, "in private he composed most of his dramatic pieces," lived, in the reign of James I., Samuel Daniel, the poet (d. 1619). George Psalmanazar lived and died (1753) in a house in Old Street. Here he was frequently visited by Dr. Johnson, who long years afterwards pronounced him emphatically to be "the best man he had ever known."

That portion of Old Street which extends from St. Luke's Church to Shoreditch Church used to be called Old Street Road, but the name is now abandoned, and it is called Old Street throughout. By the opening of the new road west through Clerkenwell, Theobald's Road and into Hart Street, Bloomsbury, a broad way is made from Oxford Street to the Kingsland and Hackney Roads. [See Alleyn's Almshouses; Golden Lane; Ironmonger Row; St. Luke's Church; St. Luke's Hospital.]

Olympic Theatre, WYCH STREET, DRURY LANE. Built in 1805 by Philip Astley, of Astley's Amphitheatre, on the garden ground of old Craven House; opened September 18, 1806, as the Olympic Pavilion ; burnt to the ground March 29, 1849, and rebuilt (Fred. K. Bushill, architect), and reopened December 26, 1849. The first house was built of the timbers of a French man-of-war, La Ville de Paris, in which William IV. went out as a midshipman. Elliston, after his Drury Lane failure, leased the house; but its best days were under Madame Vestris.

December 1, 1806.-To dinner at the Wheatsheaf Coffee House. Thence to the Olympic Pavilion; a new wooden building erected in Newcastle Street, in the Strand, by the celebrated Philip Astley; it is circular; the roof with a small dome is composed of sheets of tin and is supported by pillars. . . . The stage is on a level with the area for horsemanship, and the orchestra rather strangely disposed upstairs on the left of the stage.-George Frederick Cooke's Journal.

Onslow Square, on the west side of FULHAM ROAD, built on the site of the house and grounds of a large lunatic asylum. No. 34 was the residence and studio of Baron Marochetti (d. December 29, 1867). At No. 36 lived W. M. Thackeray; and No. 38 Rear-Admiral Fitzroy (d. 1865).

Orange Court, LEICESTER SQUARE, was so called from the colouring of the stable of the King's Mews. Green Street and Blue Street adjoining occupy the sites of the Green and Blue Stables. Allan Ramsay, the poet, addressed a letter to his son, the painter, "To Mr. Allan Ramsay at Mris Ross's in Orange Court near the Meuse, London."

Thomas Holcroft, the dramatist, was born in this court on December 10, 1745.

Till I was about six years old my father kept a shoemaker's shop in Orange Court, and I have a faint recollection that my mother dealt in greens and oysters. After I became a man my father more than once pointed out the house to me: the back of it looks into the King's Mews, and it is now No. 13.-Holcroft's Autobiography.

In 1771, when James Barry exhibited his Adam and Eve, the Academy Catalogue gives his address "at Mrs. Grindale's, Orange Street, Leicester Fields." Another academician, John Opie, "the Cornish boy in tin mines bred," first set up his easel in the same locality; and here too was the humble school in which Edmund Kean learned his A B C.

The Orange Street Chapel is situated at the corner of Orange Street and St. Martin's Street.

Orchard Street, PORTMAN SQUARE, derives its name from Orchard Portman, in Somersetshire, the seat of Lord Portman, the ground landlord. Sheridan and his young wife (the beautiful Miss Linley) took their first town house in London in this street. Here their son Thomas was born in 1775; and here Sheridan wrote The Rivals and The Duenna. Richard Cosway, R.A., lodged in this street at the beginning of his long career. The Rev. Sydney Smith went to live at No. 18 in 1806. He furnished the house from the proceeds of his lectures on Moral Philosophy.

Orchard Street, WESTMINSTER, the first turning on the right in Dean Street, was so called from being built on the site of the orchard of the Abbot of Westminster. Thomas Amory (d. 1788), author of the Life of John Buncle, was living in this street in a very secluded about 1757, whilst engaged on that curious work. In this street was opened the National Society's first school.

way

Ordnance Office. [See War Office.]

Oriental Club, 18 HANOVER SQUARE, founded 1824 by Sir John Malcolm, is composed of noblemen and gentlemen who have travelled or resided in Asia, at St. Helena, in Egypt, at the Cape of Good Hope, the Mauritius, or at Constantinople; or whose official situations connect them with the administration of our Eastern Government abroad or at home. Entrance fee, 30 guineas; annual subscription, 9 guineas. The Club possesses some good portraits of Clive, Stringer Lawrence, Sir Eyre Coote, Sir David Ochterloney, Sir G. Pollock, Sir W. Nott, Mountstuart Elphinstone, Sir H. Pottinger, Duke of Wellington, etc.

Orme Square, BAYSWATER. No. 1 in this square was the residence, from 1839, a few months before the passing of the Penny Postage Act, to 1845, of Rowland Hill, the postal reformer. Here came

1 Life of Sir Rowland Hill, by G. B. Hill, vol. i. p. 240, etc.

to reside in the autumn of 1855 John Sterling, who found biographers in Archdeacon Hare and Thomas Carlyle.

His house was in Orme Square, close by the corner of that little place (which has only three sides of houses); its windows looking to the east: the number was, and I believe still is, No. 5. A sufficiently commodious, by no means sumptuous small mansion; where, with the means sure to him he could calculate on finding adequate shelter for his family, his books and himself.-Carlyle, Life of Stirling, p. 158.

Ormond Street (Great), runs from QUEEN SQUARE into LAMB'S CONDUIT STREET. Hatton, in 1708, describes it as "a street of fine new buildings." "That side of it next the fields," says Ralph, writing in 1734, "is beyond question one of the most charming situations about town." Eminent Inhabitants.—Dr. Hickes, author of the Thesaurus. "Direct to me," he writes to Thoresby, "at my house in Ormond Street, in Red Lion Fields." Robert Nelson, the

author of Fasts and Festivals, removed here from Blackheath in 1703. Soame Jenyns, whose Free Inquiry was so mercilessly criticised by Dr. Johnson, was born in this street at the exact hour of midnight between December 31, 1703 and January 1, 1704; he chose the latter for his birthday and year. Sir Constantine Phipps, after his dismissal from the post of Lord Chancellor of Ireland and return to England to practice at the Bar in Westminster Hall, had his residence in Great Ormond Street, and thither, on more than one occasion, he was escorted in triumph by a Jacobite mob after pleading in defence of the Jacobite lords, 1715-1718. Somewhat curiously the Earl of Hardwicke lived in this street at the time he presided as Lord High Steward at the trial of the Jacobite lords in 1746, and went from his house to Westminster Hall in great state, in a procession of six coaches, each drawn by six horses, besides his own state carriage, behind which stood ten tall footmen.1 [See Powis House.] Dr. Stukeley, next door to the Duke of Powis," from whence he dates his Itinerarium Curiosum (folio, 1724). Dr. Mead, at No. 49, the corner of Powis Place, where is now the Hospital for Sick Children. This celebrated physician died here in 1754. There was a good garden behind the house, at the bottom of which was a gallery and museum filled with pictures, statues, engraved gems, coins and medals, drawings by eminent masters, engravings, Greek and Latin MSS., and a fine collection of rare and choice books-altogether, as was supposed, a collection unrivalled by any private possessor. Lord Chancellor Thurlow, at No. 45. The Great Seal of England was stolen from this house on the night of March 24, 1784, the day before the dissolution of Parliament. The thieves got in by scaling the garden wall, and forcing two iron bars out of the kitchen window. They then made their way to the Chancellor's study, broke open the drawers of his lordship's writing-table, ransacked the room, and carried away the Great Seal, rejecting the pouch as of little value, and the mace as too

1 Doran's Jacobites.