describes Fulwood's Rents as a place of retreat for fraudulent debtors. Brome refers to it as a refuge for debtors; and from other sources we learn that bailiffs venturing there ran the risk of rough handling.

I need no more insconsing now in Ram Alley, nor the Sanctuary of Whitefriars, the Forts of Fullers Rents and Milford Lane, whose walls are daily battered with the curses of brawling creditors. My debts are paid.-R. Brome, Mad Couple well Match'd, Act ii. Sc. 1.

January 20, 1673.-On Monday, happened a strong ryott at Gray's Inn, where the gentlemen pumping some bailiffs that attempted to take goods out of Fuller's Rents upon an execution, were that day charged with a body of thirty lusty bailiffs. Sir John Williamson, Correspondence (Cam. Soc.), vol. i. p. 52.

Fuller's was the vernacular for Fulwood's Rents. Strype describes Fulwood's Rents in 1720 as "a place of a good resort, and taken up by coffee-houses, ale-houses, and houses of entertainment, by reason of its vicinity to Gray's Inn."1 The privilege of sanctuary was abolished in

1697.

When coffee first came in [circ. 1656], he [Sir Henry Blount] was a great upholder of it, and hath ever since been a constant frequenter of coffee-houses, especially at Mr. Farre's, at the Rainbow, by Inner Temple Gate, and lately John's Coffee-house, in Fuller's Rents.-Aubrey's Lives, vol. ii. p. 244.

Here stood Squire's Coffee-house, from whence several of the Spectators are dated. Here the Whig Club and Medbourne and Oates's Club met in the time of Charles II.2 Here Ned Ward, the author of the London Spy, kept a punch-house (within one door of Gray's Inn), and here he died in 1731.

Furnival's Inn, HOLBORN, east of Gray's Inn Road. Once an Inn of Chancery attached to Lincoln's Inn, since (about 1818) a series of chambers wholly unconnected with any Inn of Court.

Next beyond this manor of Ely House is Leather Lane, turning into the field. Then is Furnivalles Inn, now an Inn of Chancery, but some time belonging to Sir William Furnivall, Knight, who had in Holborn two messuages and thirteen shops, as appeareth by record of Richard II., in the 6th of his reign.-Stow, p. 145.

But doubtlesse, that Sir William, owner of this Inne, was a Baron and Lord Furnivall, whose heire generall was after married to John Lord Talbot, created Earle of Shrewsbury by King Henry the 6, and the Earle had this house with other goodly inheritances in dower with his wife, the daughter and heir of the Lord Furnivall. And the late Sir George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, sold the inheritance of this house in the beginning of Queene Elizabeth's reign, or thereabout, to the Benchers of Lincoln's Inne, for a Colledge or House for the Gentlemen's students or practisers of the Law of Chauncery, they hauing before but hired it for yeerely rent of the foresaid Lords. And this doth Master Kniveton affirme out of his certain knowledge.-Sir George Buc, in Howes, ed. 1631, p. 1074.

1408, 9th Henry IV.-Professors and Students of the Law occupy the house called Furnival's Inn, under a demise from the Lords Furnival.

1530.-The Society are lessees of Furnival's Inn. The Register of this year makes mention of an arrear of rent for that house being now due from the Society. 1547.-Francis, Earl of Shrewsbury and Baron Furnival, in consideration of £120 conveys Furnival's Inn to the Gubernatores Hospit., Lincoln.-C. P. Cooper's edition of Melmoth, Appendix.

Sir Wilfull. You [Witwould] could write news before you were out of your time,

1 Strype, B. iii. p. 253.

2 North's Examen, pp. 173, 238.

when you lived with honest Pimplenose the attorney of Furnival's Inn.-Congreve, The Way of the World, 4to, 1700.

My uncle, rest his soul! while living

Might have contrived me ways of thriving.

Or sent me with ten pounds to Furni-
Val's Inn to some good rogue attorney,
Where now, by forging deeds and cheating,
I'd have some handsome ways of getting.

Matt. Prior to Sir Fleetwood Shephard.

The greater part of the old inn, described by Stow, was taken down about 1640, and a new building, designed by Inigo Jones, erected in its stead. The Gothic Hall, with its timber roof (part of the original structure), was standing, 1818-1820, when the whole inn was rebuilt by William Peto, the contractor.1 The inn was sold about 1853 for £55,000, the rent being about £6000 per annum. There is a statue of "Henry Peto, 1830" in the courtyard. The north side of the inn is occupied by Wood's Hotel.

Shirley the poet's son was butler of this inn; and Sir Thomas More was "Reader by the space of three years and more." Thomas Ken (d. 1651), Bishop Ken's father, was "of Furnival's Inn, BarberSurgeon and Sheriff's attorney accomptant." William Linley, composer of many well-known glees, and compiler of the Songs of Shakespeare (2 volumes folio), died at his lodgings in Furnival's Inn, May 6, 1835; and Charles Dickens wrote his inimitable Pickwick Papers in his chambers, on the third floor.

Gabriel's (St.), FENCHURCH, a church in Langbourne Ward, "in the midst of Fenchurch Street," opposite Cullum Street, destroyed in the Great Fire, and not rebuilt. The ground on which it stood was laid into the highway or street. Wallis, the mathematician, had, in 1643, this living granted to him by the Parliament. The church of the parish is St. Margaret Patten's.

Gaiety Theatre, STRAND and CATHERINE STREET, was built in 1864, as the Strand Music Hall, in the Gothic style, Mr. F. B. Keeling, architect; and enlarged, remodelled, and converted into a theatre by Mr. C. J. Phipps, which was opened December 21, 1868. It has an elegant interior; is 50 feet deep from the curtain to the back of the pit, 54 feet high from the floor to the centre of the ceiling; the proscenium is 30 feet by 29, and the stage is 41 feet deep. The performances are mostly light comedy, farce and burlesque. Adjoining the theatre is a spacious restaurant.

Galley Quay, LOWER THAMES STREET, east of the Custom House, "where the gallies of Italie and other parts were used to unlade and land their merchandises and wares.' "2 Another and more common

1 Of this hall there is an interesting view in Wilkinson's Londina Illustrata. Of the second

inn there are views in Wilkinson, and in the 1754 ed. of Stow.

2 Stow's Survey, p. 52.

name was PETTY WALES. This was one of the original "Legal Quays" established by royal privilege in 1558.

Garden Court, TEMPLE, the third turning on the right from Fleet Street in Middle Temple Lane, containing the Library of the Inner Temple, built 1641, and rebuilt 1824 from the designs of Sir R. Smirke, R.A. The gates and piers to the garden date from 1730. In No. 3 lived and died (1822) James Boswell, the friend of Sir Walter Scott, son of the biographer of Johnson, and editor of the last Variorum edition of Shakespeare. In No. 2 lived Sir John Carr, author (1807) of a huge quarto called Caledonian Sketches, admirably ridiculed by Edward Du Bois in My Pocket Book, or Hints for a Right Merrie and Conceited Tour. Goldsmith lived here from 1764 to 1768. Mr. Forster says he occupied two sets of chambers successively, the first on the then Library staircase. Francis Horner lived at No. 4, 1807-1809.

Gardener's Lane, WESTMINSTER, between King Street and Duke Street. Wenceslaus Hollar, the engraver, died here, March 28, 1677.

The rewards of all his diligence, now that he had reached to the verge of his seventieth year, were such and so insufficient, that they could not prevent the assault of an execution upon him at his house in Gardener's Lane, Westminster. He desired only the liberty of dying in his bed, and that he might not be removed to any other prison but his grave.— Oldys.

Ay my Gossip Tattle knew what fine slips grew in Gardener's Lane; who kist the butcher's wife with the cow's breath; what matches were made in the Bowling Alley, and what bets were won and lost.-Ben Jonson, Staple of Newes, end of Act. iii.

Gardner's Lane, UPPER THAMES STREET, High Timber Street, east of Broken Wharf. On the right side entering was a bas-relief of a gardener with a spade (full-length), with the date 1670.1 At the end of the lane is Lyon's Wharf.

Garlick Hill, in VINTRY WARD, runs from Great St. Thomas Apostle to Upper Thames Street, and was also called "Garlick Hithe or Garlick Hive, for that of old time, near the Church of St. James's, at Garlick Hithe, garlick was usually sold."2 Sir John Coke was living here in 1625. John Collins, the mathematician, "died at his house on Garlick Hill," November 10, 1683. [See St. James's, Garlick Hithe.]

Garnault Place, CLERKENWELL, built 1825-1826, and named after Samuel Garnault, Treasurer of the new River Company (d. 1827). Grimaldi, the clown, lived at No. 23 from 1829 to 1832, at which latter date he removed to Woolwich.3

Garraway's Coffee-house, in EXCHANGE or CHANGE ALLEY, CORNHILL, was one of the chief auction rooms in the City, and a celebrated place for sandwiches, sherry, pale ale, and punch. The saleroom was upstairs on the first floor, where were a small rostrum 3 Pinks's Clerkenwell, p. 397.

1 There is a view of it by J. T. Smith.

2 Stow, p. 93.

for the seller, and a few common grained settles for the buyers. The Coffee-house, as it was then called, was rebuilt after the fire, which destroyed this and nearly a hundred other houses in Cornhill, March 25, 1748. Garraway's was finally closed August 11, 1866. Wines were sold here, in 1673, "by the candle."

Thomas Garway, in Exchange Alley, tobacconist and coffee-man, was the first who sold and retailed tea, recommending it for the cure of all disorders. The following shop-bill (printed in Ellis's Letters, 2d Series, vol. iv. p. 28) is more curious than any historical account we have: "Tea, in England, hath been sold in the leaf for six pounds, and sometimes for ten pounds the pound weight, and in respect of its former scarceness and dearness, it hath been only used as a regalia in high treatments and entertainments, and presents made thereof to princes and grandees till the year 1657. The said Thomas Garway did purchase a quantity thereof, and first publicly sold the said tea in leaf and drink, made according to the directions of the most knowing merchants and travellers into those Eastern countries, and upon knowledge and experience of the said Garway's continued care and industry in obtaining the best tea, and making drink thereof, very many noblemen, physicians, merchants, and gentlemen of quality, have ever since sent to him for the said leaf, and daily resort to his house in Exchange Alley, aforesaid, to drink the drink thereof; and to the end that all persons of eminence and quality, gentlemen, and others, who have occasion for tea in leaf, may be supplied, these are to give notice, that the said Thomas Garway hath tea to sell from sixteen to fifty shillings the pound. -D'Israeli, Cur. of Lit., 12th ed. p. 288.

Mr. Ogilby, for the better enabling him to carry on his Britannia, by an actual survey, has lately erected his standing lottery of books at Mr. Garway's Coffee-house, in Exchange Alley, near the Royal Exchange in London; which, opening the 7th of April next [1673], will thence continue without intermission, till wholly drawn off; where all future adventurers may, by themselves or correspondents, daily put in their money upon the author, according to his proposals so generally approved of.-London Gazette, No. 768.

Mr. Garraway, master of the famous Coffee-house near the Royal Exchange, hath store of good Cherry wine; and 'tis said that the Black Cherry, and other wild cherries do yield good and wholesome Aquavitas and Brandies.-Domestick Intelligencer, or News from City and Country, September 30, 1679; Nichols, Lit. Anecdotes, vol. iv. p. 63.

The Royal Exchange is the resort of all the trading part of this City, Foreign and Domestick, from half an hour after one till near three in the afternoon; but the better sort generally meet in Exchange Alley, a little before, at those celebrated Coffeehouses called Garraway's, Robins', and Jonathan's. In the first, the People of Quality, who have business in the City, and the most considerable and wealthy citizens frequent. In the second, the Foreign Banquiers, and often even Foreign Ministers. And in the third, the Buyers and Sellers of Stock.-Defoe, A Journey through England, 8vo, 1722, vol. i. p. 174.

Meantime, secure on Garway cliffs,

A savage race, by shipwrecks fed,
Lie waiting for the founder'd skiffs,
And strip the bodies of the dead.

Swift, The South Sea Project, 1721.

In the same year, Dr. Edward Hannes (afterwards Sir Edward) sat up a very spruce equipage, and endeavoured to attract the eyes and hearts of the beholders by the means of it, but found himself fall short in his accounts and not able to cope with many of the old practitioners, particularly Dr. Radcliffe. He therefore bethought himself of a stratagem: and to get into reputation, ordered his footman to stop most of the gentlemen's chariots, and inquire whether they belonged to Dr. Hannes, as if he was called to a patient. Accordingly the fellow, in pursuit of his instructions, put the question in at every coach-door, from Whitehall to the Royal Exchange; and

as he had his lesson for that end, not hearing of him in any coach, ran up into Exchange Alley, and entering Garraway's coffee-house, made the same interrogatories both above and below. At last, Dr. Radcliffe, who was usually there about Exchange time, and planted at a table with several apothecaries and chirurgeons that flocked about him, cried out, "Dr. Hannes was not there," and desired to know "who wanted him?" The fellow's reply was, such a lord and such a lord; but he was taken up with this dry rebuke, "No, no, friend, you are mistaken; the doctor wants those lords."-Dr. Radcliffe's Life, 12mo, 1724, p. 46.

A famous physician [Dr. Radcliffe] ventured five thousand guineas upon a project in the South Sea. When he was told at Garraway's that 'twas all lost, "Why," says he, "'tis but going up five thousand pair of stairs more."-Tom Brown, Works, ed. 1709, vol. iv. p. 7.

Upon my coming home last night, I found a very handsome present of French wine left for me, as a taste of 216 hogsheads, which are to be put to sale at £20 a hogshead, at Garraway's coffee-house, in Exchange Alley, on the 22nd inst., at three in the afternoon, and to be tasted in Major Long's vaults from the 20th inst. till the time of sale.-The Tatler, No. 147, March 18, 1709-1710.

[See Change Alley; Exchange Alley.]

Garrick Club, Nos. 13 and 15 GARRICK STREET, COVENT GARDEN, instituted in 1831, "for the general patronage of the drama; for the purpose of combining a club on economical principles with the advantages of a Literary Society; for the formation of a Theatrical Library and Works on Costume; and also for bringing together the patrons of the Drama and gentlemen eminent in their respective circles." It was named after David Garrick, to denote the theatrical inclination of its members, and was held originally at No. 35 King Street. The present more spacious house was built for the club when Garrick Street was formed and named after it in 1862 (Frederick Marrable, architect). A lover of the English drama and stage may spend an hour profitably in viewing the large collection of theatrical portraits, the foundation of which was the collection of Charles Mathews, the elder, the distinguished actor, which was presented to the club by Mr. John Rowland Durrant in 1852. Observe-Male Portraits.Nat Lee (curious); Doggett; Quin; Foote; Henderson, by Gainsborough; elder Coleman, after Sir Joshua; Macklin, by Opie; J. P. Kemble, drawing by Lawrence; Moody; Elliston, drawing by Harlowe ; Bannister, by Russell; Tom Sheridan; Head of Garrick, by Zoffany; King, by Richard Wilson, the landscape painter; Emery; elder Dibdin; Mr. Powel and Family, by R. Wilson; Liston, by Clint. Female Portraits.-Nell Gwynne (a namby-pamby face, but thought genuine); Mrs. Oldfield (half-length), by Kneller; Mrs. Bracegirdle (threequarter size); Mrs. Pritchard (half-length); Mrs. Cibber; Peg Woffington (also a miniature three-quarter), by Mercier; Mrs. Abington, by Hickey; Mrs. Siddons, by Harlowe; Mrs. Yates; Mrs. Billington; Miss O'Neil, by Joseph; Nancy Dawson, the famous hornpipe dancer, 1767; Mrs. Siddons, drawing by Lawrence; Mrs. Inchbald, by Harlowe; Miss Stephens; Head of Mrs. Robinson, after Sir Joshua. Theatrical Subjects.-Joseph Harris, as Cardinal Wolsey (the Strawberry Hill picture; Harris was one of Sir W. Davenant's players, and is