one place, therefore, is appropriated to mills, that is, the place immediately following cents, or the third place from the point. When there are no cents to be written, it is evident that we must write two ciphers to fill up the places of cents. Thus, 2 dollars and 7 mills are written 2'007. cents are written '06, and seven mills are written ‘007. Six Note. Sometimes 5 mills= a cent is expressed fractionally thus, '125 (twelve cents and five mills) is expressed 121, (twelve and a half cents.) 17 dollars and 8 mills are written, 17'008 75 cents, 24 dollars, 9 cents, 6 dollars 1 cent and 3 mills, 4'05 675 24' '09 '004 6'013 Write down 470 dollars 2 cents; 342 dollars 40 cents and 2 mills; 100 dollars, 1 cent and 4 mills; 1 mill; 2 mills; 3 mills; 4 mills; cent, or 5 mills; 1 cent and 1 mill; 2 cents and 3 mills; six cents and one mill; sixty cents and one mill; four dollars and one cent; three cents; five cents; nine cents. REDUCTION OF FEDERAL MONEY. 27. How many mills in one cent? in 2 cents ? - in 9 in 78 in 2 dollars? in 484 cents? -in 4 in in 5 dol in 600 cents ? How many 1000 mills? in 4 dollars? How many cents in 2 dollars? in 3 dollars and 15 cents? mills? in 40765 cents? How many dollars in in 8000 mills? in 846732 mills? in 4378 This changing one kind of money, &c. into another kind, without altering the value, is called REDUCTION. As there are 10 mills in one cent, it is plain that cents are changed or reduced to mills by multiplying them by 10, tha: is, by merely annexing a cipher, (¶ 12.) 100 cents make a dollar; therefore dollars are changed to cents by annexing 2 ciphers, and to mills by annexing 3 ciphers. Thus, 16 dollars 1600 cents: 16000 mills. Again, to change mills back to dollars, we have only to cut off the three right hand figures, (T21;) and to change cents to dollars, cut off the two right hand figures, when all the figures to the left will be dollars, and the figures to the right, cents and mills. . Reduce 34 dollars to cents. Reduce 240 dollars and 14 cents to cents. Reduce $748'143 to mills. Reduce '014 to mills. Reduce 17846 cents to dollars. Reduce 96173 cents to dollars. Ans. 3400 cents Ans. 24014 cents. Ans. 748143 mills. Ans. $748'143. Ans. '984 Ans. $96'17. Reduce 2064 cents, 503 cents, 106 cents, 9214 cents, 500 cents, 7261 cents, to dollars. Reduce 86753 mills, 96000 mills, 6042 mills, to dollars. ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF FEDERAL MONEY. 28. From what has been said, it is plain, that we may readily reduce any sums in federal money to the same denomination, as to cents, or mills, and add or subtract them as simple numbers. Or, what is the same thing, we may set down the sums, taking care to write dollars under dollars, cents under cents, and mills under mills, in such order, that the separating points of the several numbers shall fall directly under each other, and add them up as simple numbers, placing the separatrix in the amount directly under the other points. What is the amount of $487643, $132′007, $4'04, and $264 102? Ans. $887'792. EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE. 1. Bought 1 barrel of flour for 6 dollars 75 cents, 10 pounds of coffee for 2 dollars 30 cents, 7 pounds of sugar for 92 cents, 1 pound of raisins for 12 cents, and 2 oranges for 6 cents; what was the whole amount? Ans. $10'155. 2. A man is indebted to A, $237'62; to B, $350; to C, $86'12; to D, $9'62; and to E, $0'834; what is the amount of his debts? Ans. $694'204. 3. A man has three notes specifying the following sums, viz. three hundred dollars, fifty dollars sixty cents, and nine dollars eight cents; what is the amount of the three notes? Ans. $359'68. 4. What is the amount of $56'18, $7'371, $280, $0'287, $17, and $90'413? 5. Bought a pair of oxen for $76'50, a horse for $85, and a cow for $1725; what was the whole amount? 6. Bought a gallon of molasses for 28 cents, a quarter of tea for 371 cents, a pound of salt petre for 24 cents, 2 yards of broadcloth for 11 dollars, 7 yards of flannel for 1 dollar 62 cents, a skein of silk for 6 cents, and a stick of twist for 4 cents; how much for the whole? SUBTRACTION OF FEDERAL MONEY. 7. A man gave 4 dollars 75 cents for a pair of boots, and 2 dollars 12 cents for a pair of shoes; how much did the boots cost him more than the shoes? 8. A man bought a cow for eighteen dollars, and sold her again for twenty-one dollars thirty-seven and a half cents; how much did he gain ? Ans. $3'375. 9. A man bought a horse for 82 dollars, and sold him again for seventy-nine dollars seventy-five cents; did he gain or lose? and how much? Ans. He lost $225. 10. A merchant bought a piece of cloth for $176, which proving to have been damaged, he is willing to lose on it $16'50; what must he have for it? Ans. $159'50. 11. A man sold a farm for $5400, which was $725'374 more than he gave for it; what did he give for the farm? 12. A man, having $500, lost 83 cents; how much had he left? 13. A man's income is $1200 a year, and he spends $800'35; how much does he lay up ? 14. Subtract half a cent from seven dollars. 15. How much must you add to $16'82 to make $26 ? 16. How much must you subtract from $250, to leave $87'14? 17. A man bought a barrel of flour for $625, 7 pounds of coffee for $1'41; he paid a ten dollar bill; how much must he receive back in change? MULTIPLICATION OF FEDERAL MONEY. 129. 1. What will 3 yards of cloth cost, at $4'62} a yard? OPERATION. $ 4'625 3 $13'875, the answer. $4'625 are 4625 mills, which multiplied by 3, the product is 13875 mills. 13875 mills may now be reduced to dollars by placing a point between the third and fourth figures, that is, between the hundreds and thousands, which is pointing off as many places for cents and mills, in the product, as there are places of cents and mills in the sum given to be multiplied. This is evident; for, as 1000 mills make 1 dollar, consequently the thousands in 13875 mills must be so many dollars. 2. At 16 cents a pound, what will 123 pounds of butter cost? F larger number, is made the multiplicand, and the price the multiplier. 123 times 16 cents is 1968 cents, which, reduced to dollars, is $19'68. RULE. From the foregoing examples it appears, that the multi plication of federal money does not differ from the multipli cation of simple numbers. The product will be the answer in the lowest denomination contained in the given sum, which may then be reduced to dollars. EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE, 3. What will 250 bushels of rye come to, at $0'884 per bushel? Ans. $221625. 4. What is the value of 87 barrels of flour, at $6'37 a barrel ? 5. What will be the cost of a hogshead of molasses, containing 63 gallons, at 284 cents a gallon? Ans. $17'955. 6. If a man spend 12 cents a day, what will that amount to in a year of 365 days? what will it amount to in 5 years? Ans. It will amount to $228'12 in 5 years, year, how much 7. If it cost $ 36'75 to clothe a soldier 1 will it cost to clothe an army of 17800 men? 8. Multiply $367 by 46. 9. Multiply $0'273 by 8600. Ans. $654150. 10. What will be the cost of 4848 yards of calico, at 25 cents, or one quarter of a dollar, per yard? Ans. $1212. Note. As 25 cents is just of a dollar, the operation in the above example may be contracted, or made shorter; for, at one dollar per yard, the cost would be as many dollars as there are yards, that is, $4848; and at one quarter (†) of a dollar per yard, it is plain, the cost would be one quarter (1) as many dollars as there are yards, that is, 4946 = $1212, |