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nominations brought into lower ? 5. How are low denomi nations brought into higher? 6. What are the denominations of English money? 7. What is the use of Troy weight, and what are the denominations? 8. avoirdupois

weight? the denominations? 9. What distinction do you make between gross and net weight? 10. What distinctions do you make between long, square, and cubic measure? 11. What are the denominations in long measure? 12. in square measure? 13. in cubic measure? 14. How do you multiply by ? 15. When the divisor contains a fraction, how do you proceed? 16. How is the superficial contents of a square figure found? 17. How is the solid contents of any body found in cubic measure? 18. How many solid or cubic feet of wood make a cord? 19. What is understood by a cord foot? 20. How many such feet make a cord? 21. What are the denominations of dry measure? 22. of wine measure? 23.

24.

of

time? of circular measure? 25. For what is circular measure used? 26. How many rods in length is Gunter's chain? of how many links does it consist? how many links make a rod? 27. How many rods in a mile? 28. How many square rods in an acre? 29. How many pounds make

1 cwt.?

EXERCISES.

how many dollars?

1. In 46 £. 4 S., Ans. $154. 2. In 36 guineas, how many crowns, at 6 s. 7d. eash? Ans. 153 crowns, and 9 d. 3. How many rings, each weighing 5 pwt. 7 grs., may be made of 3 lb. 5 oz. 16 pwt. 2 grs. of gold?

Ans. 158.

4. Suppose West Boston bridge to be 212 rods in length, how many times will a chaise wheel, 18 feet 6 inches in circumference, turn round in passing over it?

Ans. 189 times. 5. In 470 boxes of sugar, each 26 lb., how many cwt.? 6. In 10 lb. of silver, how many spoons, each weighing oz. 10 pwt.?

7. How many shingles, each covering a space 4 inches one way and 6 inches the other, would it take to cover 1 square foot? How many to cover a roof 40 feet long, and 24 feet wide? (See ¶ 25.) Ans. to the last, 5760 shingles. 8. How many cords of wood in a pile 26 feet long, 4 feet wide, and 6 feet high? Ans. 4 cords, and 7 cord feet.

9. There is a room 18 feet in length, 16 feet in width, and 8 feet in height; how many rolls of paper, 2 feet wide, and containing 11 yards in each roll, will it take to cover the walls? Ans. 88.

10. How many cord feet in a load of wood 6 feet long, 2 feet wide, and 5 feet high? Ans. 4 cord feet.

11. If a ship sail 7 miles an hour, how far will she sail at that rate, in 3 w. 4 d. 16 h.?

12. A merchant sold 12 hhds. of brandy, at $275 a gallon; how much did each hogshead come to, and to how much did the whole amount?

13. How much cloth, at 7 s. a yard, may be bought for 29 £. 1 s. ?

14. A goldsmith sold a tankard for 10£. 8s. at the rate of 5 s. 4 d. per ounce; how much did it weigh?

15. An ingot of gold weighs 2 lb. 8 oz. 16 pwt.; how much is it worth at 3 d. per pwt.?

16. At $0'18 a pound, what will 1 T. 2 cwt. 3 qrs. 16 lb. of lead come to?

17. Reduce 14445 ells Flemish to ells English.

18. There is a house, the roof of which is 442 feet in length, and 20 feet in width, on each of the two sides; if 3 shingles in width cover one foot in length, how many shingles will it take to lay one course on this roof? if 3 courses make one foot, how many courses will there be on one side of the roof? how many shingles will it take to cover one side? to cover both sides?

Ans. 16020 shingles. 19. How many steps, of 30 inches each, must a man take in travelling 544 miles?

20. How many seconds of time would a person redeem in 40 years, by rising each morning hour earlier than he now does ?

21. If a man lay up 4 shillings each day, Sundays ex-. cepted, how many dollars would he lay up in 45 years?

22. If 9 candles are made from 1 pound of tallow, how many dozen can be made from 24 pounds and 10 ounces? 23. If one pound of wool make 60 knots of yarn, how many skeins, of ten knots each, may be spun from 4 pounds 6 ounces of wool?

ADDITION

OF COMPOUND NUMBERS.

38. 1. A boy bought a knife for 9 pence, and a comb for 3 pence; how much did he give for both? Ans. 1 shilling. 2. A boy gave 2 s. 6 d. for a slate, and 4 s. 6 d. for a book; how much did he give for both?

3. Bought one book for 1 s. 6 d., another for 2 s. 3 d., another for 7 d.; how much did they all cost? Ans. 4 s. 4 d. 4. How many gallons are 2 qts. + 3 qts. + 1 qt. ?

5. How many gallons are 3 qts. + 2 qts. + 1 qt. +3 qts. + 2 qts.?

6. How many shillings are 2 d. +3 d. + 5d. +6 d.

7d.? 7. How many pence are 1 qr. + 2 qrs. + 3 qrs. + 2 qrs. +1 qr. ?

8. How many pounds are 4 s. + 10 s. + 15 s. + 1 s. ? 9. How many minutes are 39 sec. + 45 sec. + 20 sec. ? 10. How many hours are 40 min. + 25 min. † 6 min.? 11. How many days are 4 h. +8 h. + 10 h. 20 h.? 12. How many yards in length are 1 f. + 2 f. + 1 6. ? 13. How many feet are 4 in. + 8 in. + 10 in. + 2 in. +1 in. ?

14. How much is the amount of 1 yd. 2 ft. 6 in. + 2 yds. 1 ft. 8 in.?

15. What is the amount of 2 s. 6 d. 4 s. 3 d. +7%. 8d.? 16. A man has two bottles, which he wishes to fill with wine; one will contain 2 gal. 3 qts. I pt., and the other 3 qts.; how much wine can he put in them?

1

17. A man bought a horse for 15£. 14 s. 6 d., a pair of oxen for 20€. 2 s. 8 d., and a cow for 5£. 6 s. 4 d.; what did he pay for all?

When the numbers are large, it will be most convenient to write them dowu, placing those of the same kind, or denomination, directly under each other, and, beginning with those of the least value, to add up each kind separately,

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Next, adding up the column of shillings, together with the 1 s. which we reserved, we find the amount to be 23 s. =1£.3s. Setting the 3s. under its own column, we add the 1£. with the other pounds, and, finding the amount to be 41., we write it down, and the work is done.

Ans. 41 £. 3 s. 6 d.

Note. It will be recollected, that, to reduce a lower into a higher denomination, we divide by the number which it takes of the lower to make one of the higher denomination. In addition, this is usually called carrying for that rumber: thus, between pence and shillings, we carry for 12, and between shillings and pounds, for 20, &c.

The above process may be given in the form of a general RULE for the Addition of Compound Numbers:

I. Write the numbers to be added so that those of the same denomination may stand directly under each other.

II. Add together the numbers in the column of the lowest denomination, and carry for that number which it takes of the same to make one of the next higher denomination. Proceed in this manner with all the denominations, till you come to the last, whose amount is written as in simple numbers.

Proof. The same as in addition of simple numbers.

EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE.

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Bought a silver tankard, weighing 2 lb. 3 oz., a silver eup, weighing 3 oz. 10 pwt., and a silver thimble, weighing 2 pwt. 13 grs.; what was the weight of the whole?

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A man bought 5 loads of hay, weighing as follows, viz. 23 cwt. (= 1 T. 3 cwi.) 2 qrs. 17 lb. ; 21 cwt. 19 cwt. 0 qr. 24 lb. ; 24 cwt. 3 qrs.: 11 cwt. how many tous in the whole?

1 qr. 16 lb.; O qr. 1lb.;

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There are four pieces of cloth, which measure as follows, viz. 36 yds. ?qrs. 1 na.; 18 yds. 1 qr. 2 na.; 46 yds. 3 qrs. 8 na.; 12 yds. 0 qr. 2 na.; how many yards in the whole?

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