324

CANNON STREET RAILWAY STATION

little obstruction as possible to the navigation. The bridge was designed by Sir John Hawkshaw, F.R.S. A side pathway was constructed, and for a while opened for foot passengers, but being little used and "of little public utility," the Metropolitan Board of Works, under the powers granted by the Act of 1877, consented in 1878 to its being permanently closed. The bridge is now (1889) being widened.

Canon Alley, a short passage at the Cheapside end of ST. PAUL'S CHURCHYARD, running into Paternoster Row, was so called from the canons of St. Paul's, whose residentiary houses occupied the site of what is now called Cannon Alley.

Canon Row, WESTMINSTER.

Chanon Row, so called for that the same belonged to the Dean and Chanons of St. Stephen's Chapel, who were there lodged, as now divers noblemen and gentlemen be; whereof one is belonging to Sir Edward Hobbey; one other to John Thine, Esq.; one stately built by Ann Stanhope, Duchess of Somerset, mother to the Earl of Hartford, who now enjoyeth that house. Next a stately house, now in building by William, Earl of Darby; over against the which is a fair house, built by Henry Clinton, Earl of Lincoln.-Stow, p. 168.

Selden (d. 1686) gives the same derivation.

'Twas the old way when the King of England had his House, there were canons to sing service in his chapel; so at Westminster in St. Stephen's Chapel (where the House of Commons sits) from which canons the street called Canon Row has its name, because they liv'd there.-Table Talk; Kings of England, p. 56, ed. 1716. In the time of Edward VI. it was called Chanon.

September 30, 1550.-Richard Goodrick offers to be Cecill's agent for the purchase of two houses that Lord Paget has in Chanon Row.-Cal. State Pap., 1547-1580.

In the beginning of Elizabeth's reign it is found written Channel Row, in an estimate, dated 1570, for "two additional buildings in the garden side of the Earl of Derby's house in Channel Row."—Cal. State Pap., 1547-1580, p. 404. Thomas Ratcliffe, Earl of Sussex (d. 1583), was living here in 1562.-Cal. State Pap., 1547-1580, p. 200. Norden, in his Description of Middlesex (Harl. MS., 1592), under "The Howses of Noble Men in Westminster," gives "Hertforde Howse in Channon Row. Lincolne Howse in Chan. Row. Darbye Howse in Chan. Row. The Lo. Dacres in Chan. Row."1

The Earl of Hertford writes to Cecill, November 24, 1611, from "Hertford House, Canon Row."-Cal. State Pap., 1611-1618, p. 92. Hertford House was built by Anne, Duchess of Somerset, mother of the Earl of Hertford. The Cliffords, Earls of Cumberland, had a house here, and in it the celebrated Anne Clifford, Countess of Dorset, was born in 1590. Dorset Court marks the site of Dorset House, as Derby Street does that of Derby House and Manchester Buildings the houses of the Earl of Lincoln and the Duke of Manchester. The Earl of Lincoln's house was used in the reign of Charles as the Admiralty Richard Cumberland, Bishop of Peterborough, resided in this The handsome building with an Ionic portico, on the east side 1 Norden's Essex, Pref. p. xvii. (Camden Soc.)

street.

of Canon Row, was erected in 1816 by Mr. W. Pilkington for the Transport Office; it was afterwards the office of the Board of Control for Indian Affairs; and is now that of the Civil Service Commission.

It was to a lady living in Canon Row that Charles I. on January 28, 1649, two days before his execution, sent his devoted attendant Herbert with a ring which he "took from his finger, having an emerald set therein between two diamonds," with orders "to give it to her without saying anything." Having done so the lady put into his hands a little cabinet, closed with three seals, two of which were the King's arms, and the third was the figure of a Roman; which done, she desired him to deliver it to the same hand that sent the ring. Mr. Herbert gave the cabinet into the hands of his Majesty [at St. James's], who told him that he should see it opened next morning. Morning being come, the Bishop [Juxon] was early with the King, and, after prayers, his Majesty broke the seals, and showed them what was contained in the cabinet. There were diamonds and jewels-most part broken Georges and Garters. "You see," said he, "all the wealth now in my power to give to my children."-Herbert's Narrative in Wood's Ath. Ox., ed. 1721, vol. ii. p. 700. The Rhenish Wine House, "of good resort" is mentioned by Prior and Montague :

What wretch would nibble on a hanging shelf,

When at Pontack's he may regale himself?

Or to the house of cleanly Rhenish go,

Or that at Charing Cross, or that in Channel Row?

The Hind and Panther Transversed.

The south side of this Channel Row [Canon Row] is but ordinary; the chief house being the Rhenish Wine House of good resort.-Strype, B. iv. p. 63.

At the Rummer and Grapes, Channel Row, one of the earliest freemasons' lodges in London was existing about 1716. [See Manchester Buildings; Derby House.]

Canonbury, ISLINGTON, a manor in the village of Islington given to the prior and convent of St. Bartholomew in Smithfield by Ralph de Berners. The date of the gift is unknown, but the estate is enumerated among the possessions of the priory in a confirmation granted by Henry III., bearing date 1253. The manorial house, rebuilt by Bolton, the last prior of St. Bartholomew, was, at the dissolution of religious houses, granted by Henry VIII. to Thomas, Lord Cromwell. On Cromwell's attainder (1540) it reverted to the King, and Edward VI., his son, exchanged it for other lands with Dudley, Earl of Warwick and Duke of Northumberland. On Dudley's execution and attainder, in the reign of Mary, it again reverted to the Crown, and Mary gave it to Thomas, Lord Wentworth, who, in 1570, sold it to Sir John Spencer [see Crosby Place], whose daughter and heir married the first Earl of Northampton (of the Compton family), ancestor of the present Marquis of Northampton and Lord of the Manor of Canonbury. Queen Elizabeth visited Spencer here in 1581. Such is the history of the property. In 1605 the Lord Keeper Egerton, afterwards Lord Ellesmere, occupied the house. In 1616 it was leased to Sir Francis Bacon, when Attorney-General. Sir Thomas Coventry (afterwards Lord Keeper) was living in it in 1625. William Feilding, Earl of Denbigh, died here in 1685. Of the manor house itself little remains. The

tower of brick, 17 feet square and 60 feet high, was probably built by Sir John Spencer. The rebus of prior Bolton

Old Prior Bolton, with his bolt and tun,

some stuccoed ceilings of the 16th century, and two curiously ornamented chimney-pieces of oak, in two of the houses in "Canonbury Place." The tower was let out in apartments from an early period. Samuel Humphreys, compiler of the words for Handel's oratorios, died in lodgings here in 1736; and Christopher Smart lodged here for several years. Ephraim Chambers, compiler of the Cyclopædia, died here in 1740. Newbery, the bookseller, had lodgings here, and here, in the house of a Mrs. Elizabeth Fleming, Goldsmith was lodged during the whole of 1763 and part of 1764.1

Of the booksellers whom he [Goldsmith] styled his friends, Mr. Newbery was one. This person had apartments at Canonbury House, where Goldsmith often lay concealed from his creditors. Under a pressing necessity he there wrote his Vicar of Wakefield.-Sir John Hawkins.

This, however, is doubtful.

The Vicar of Wakefield was not begun

till about 1766, and was most probably written in Wine Office Court. Goldsmith's room was (according to tradition) on the first floor, and has since been subdivided. Washington Irving makes his "PoorDevil Author" establish his quarters in it, till driven away by intrusive visitors. The "quiet retreat was absolutely a show-house, the tower and its contents being shown to strangers at sixpence a head. . . . In the midst of a vein of thought, or a moment of inspiration, I was interrupted and all my ideas put to flight by my intolerable landlady's tapping at the door and asking me if I would 'just please to let a lady and gentleman come in, to take a look at Mr. Goldsmith's room.'

See on the distant slope, majestic shews

Old Canonbury's tow'r, an antient pile,
To various fates assign'd, and where by turns,
Meanness and grandeur have alternate reign'd,
Thither, in later days, hath genius fled,
From yonder city, to respire and die.

There the sweet bard of Auburn sat and turn'd

The plaintive moanings of his village dirge;
There learned Chambers treasur'd lore for men,

And Newbery there his ABC's for babes.

Fox, quoted in Welsh's Bookseller of the Last Century, 1885, p. 47.

During the 17th and 18th centuries Canonbury was vulgarly known as Canbray or Cambray, and the house is mentioned in leases as "Canonbury alias Canbray House."

Lady Tub. We will cross over to Canbury in the interim and so take rest.—A Tale of a Tub (1633), p. 194.

In Canonbury Square (No. 18) lived (and d. April 2, 1864) George Daniel, the black letter bibliographer and author of Merrie England.

Canterbury Hall, LAMBETH. This place of entertainment grew out of a harmonic meeting held at the Canterbury Arms, a public-house

1 See Forster's Life and Adventures of Oliver Goldsmith.

L

in Lambeth Marsh, which sign originated from its proximity to the Archiepiscopal Palace at Lambeth. It became famous for the excellence of the music, and to add to the attractions of the place the proprietor (Mr. Morton) formed a gallery of pictures which was styled by Punch "the Royal Academy over the Water."

Capel Court, BARTHOLOMEW LANE, so called from Sir William Capel, draper, Lord Mayor of London in 1503, and ancestor of the Earls of Essex. His house stood on the site of the Stock Exchange, at the end of Capel Court.

Carburton Street, GREAT PORTLAND STREET, was named after a village in Northamptonshire on the Duke of Portland's estate.

Cardinal's Cap Alley, BANKSIDE, SOUTHWARK, between Blackfriars and Southwark Bridges. The place paid rent to the prior of Merton in 1468, and the site and name were still shown in the Ordnance Map of 1877.1

Cardinal's Cap Alley hath å very narrow entrance, meanly built and inhabited. Boar's Head Alley pretty open, but very ordinary.-Strype, B. iv. p. 28.

They [the watermen] reported that I took bribes of the players to let the suit fall, and that to that end I had a supper with them at the Cardinal's Hat on the Bankside.—Taylor the Water Poet's Works, fol. 1630, p. 173.

Carey House, in the STRAND. "A messuage, formerly called Carey House, afterwards called Stafford House, situated in the Strand, near the Savoy," is mentioned among the Fire of London Papers in the British Museum, vol. xvii. fol. 5.

In January 1634 Garrard writes to the Lord Deputy Wentworth :My Lady Carlile also hath not been well of late, looks well but hath utterly lost her stomach, insomuch that she is forced to leave the Court for awhile and lye at Mr. Thomas Carey's house in the Strand, for the taking of physic and recovery of her health, which house her lord hath taken at £150 a year rent.-Strafford's Letters, vol. i. p. 177.

Sir Henry Herbert, Master of the Revels, was living here in 1662, when he made his bitter attack on Sir William Davenant.

November 30, 1667.-To Arundel House. . . . Then to Cary House, a house now of entertainment, next my Lady Ashly's; where I have heretofore heard Common Prayer in the time of Dr. Mossum.-Pepys.

Loveby. Think upon the sack at Cary House, with the Abricot flavour.Dryden, The Wild Gallant.

Carey Street, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS, so called after Nicholas Carey (temp. Charles I.), leads from Chancery Lane to Portugal Street.

We that day [New Year's Day, 1655-1656] came to London, into Chancery Lane, but not to my cousin Young's, but to a house we took of Sir George Carey for a year.-Lady Fanshawe's Memoirs, p. 120.

Blackstone was living in Carey Street when he wrote his Commentaries.2 When Dr. Parr came to London "he usually went into

1 See also the Expenses of Sir John Howard, the first Duke of Norfolk of that name.
2 See his letters of 1766 to Sir Eardley Wilmot.

し

lodgings, generally in Carey Street, near the residence of his faithful legal adviser, Henry Hoyle Oddie, Esq."1 Lord Eldon, when Mr. John Scott, resided in this street. [See Cursitor Street.] In Cook's Court, Carey Street (so named after Sir Henry Cooke, temp. Charles II.), lived the poet Cowper's friend and correspondent, Joseph Hill— An honest man, close button'd to the chin,

Broad cloth without and a warm heart within.

The Grange Tavern, which was pulled down in 1853 for the site of King's College Hospital, is mentioned by Sir William Davenant in his The Playhouse to let. The Plough Tavern was a famous house in its day.

Mrs. Chapone, the once famous authoress, lived in this street until her husband's death.

New Court Chapel, one of the oldest Nonconformist places of worship in London, was in this street. It was pulled down when the site was required for the New Law Courts.

In Carey Street is King's College Hospital. Also a handsome block of chambers designed by Mr. A. Waterhouse, R.A., called New Court. Carfax, at LEADENHALL. The "Carfukes" of the Leadenhall is referred to in two ordinances of the reign of Edward III., printed in Riley's Memorials of London (pp. 300, 389). Mr. Riley says that the Carfax at Oxford was so called from a fountain there with four sides or faces, and suggests that there was a similar fountain at Leadenhall. The Carfax probably stood at the spot where Gracechurch Street intersects Cornhill.

Caribbee Islands. [See Bermudas.] Carlisle House, LAMBETH. About 1198 Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury, having obtained by exchange from the Prior and Canons of Rochester the manor of Lambeth, bought off the opposition of Gilbert de Glanville, Bishop of Rochester, to the completion of the surrender, by granting to him a piece of ground near the church whereon to build a residence for himself and his successors. Glanville built the house, which lasted, however, only about twenty years, when it was rebuilt on a more sumptuous scale and named La Place. It remained the residence of the Bishops of Rochester till 1540, when Nicholas Heath surrendered it to Henry VIII. in exchange for some land at Southwark. Archbishop Bradwardine died here in 1348, and John de Sheppy, Bishop of Rochester and Lord Treasurer of England, in 1360. Fisher was the last Bishop of Rochester who resided in this house, and in his time it was the scene of a horrible tragedy. One Richard Rose, a cook, intending to kill the bishop, poisoned the potage, "but the Bishoppe eate no pottage that daie whereby hee escaped." Not so, however, the guests. Fourteen of those who sat at table were poisoned. Rose was attainted of treason, condemned, and boiled to death in Smithfield.2

1 Life, by Field, vol. ii. p. 149.

2 Stow's Chronicle, p. 942.