14 15 churches that set up the King's Arms before the Restoration, while Monk and Montagu were as yet undecided. Edward Strong, Bishop of Chichester, 1477, who erected Chichester Cross, was rector. So also were George Day, Bishop of Chichester, 1543; Thomas White, Bishop of Peterborough, 1685; William Cave (d. 1713), the learned author of the Lives of the Fathers, and William Vincent (d. 1815), the famed master of Westminster School. Theodore Jacobsen (d. 1772), to whom is attributed the plan of the Foundling Hospital, is buried in this church. The Jacobsens, at the time of the Great Fire, possessed considerable property in the neighbourhood of the Steelyard. The church serves as well for Allhallows the Less, and the right of presentation to the rectory of both parishes belongs to the Archbishop of Canterbury. About the beginning of April, 1553, Knox returned to London. In February preceding Archbishop Cranmer had been desired by the Council to present him to the vacant living of Allhallows, in that city, which Knox declined.-M'Crie, Life of John Knox. Allhallows the Less, or, ALLHALLOWS ON THE CELLARS, in UPPER THAMES STREET; a church in Dowgate Ward, destroyed in the Great Fire, and not rebuilt. It was called "the Less" to distinguish it from the foregoing, which was close beside it; and "on the Cellars," from the vaults or arches on which it stood. The steeple and choir of this church standeth on an arched gate, being the entry to a great house called Coldharbrough.-Stow, p. 88. The churchyard is on the south side of Thames Street. The church of the parish is Allhallows the Great, above mentioned. Allhallows, HONEY LANE, a small parish church in the ward of Cheap, destroyed in the Great Fire, and not rebuilt, but united to St. Mary-le-Bow. It stood at the east end of the site of Honey Lane Market, "near the place where the Standard in Cheapside stood.". De Laune, ed. 1690, p. 28. ... This I find that John Norman, draper, Mayor 1453, was buried there. John Norman was the first Mayor that was rowed to Westminster by water, for before that they rode on horseback.-Stow, pp. 102, 192. Thomas Garret, the Martyr (1540), was curate of this church.-—— Foxe, vol. v. p. 427. In 1528, when Garret escaped from Oxford, Dr. John London, Warden of New College, wrote to Archbishop Wareham, "The Commissary being in extreme pensiveness, knew no other remedy but this extraordinary, and caused a figure to be made by one expert in astronomy; and his judgment doth continually persist upon this, that he fled in tawny coat south-eastward, and is in the middle of London, and will shortly to the sea-side. He was curate to the parson of Honey Lane. It is likely he is privily cloaked there." The "parson of Honey Lane" was Dr. Norman, who had himself been in trouble for heresy.1 Allhallows, LOMBARD STREET, or ALLHALLOWS GRASS CHURCH, 1 Froude, vol. i. p. 63. 14 a church situated in Ball Alley, with the entrance from Lombard Street, in Langbourne Ward. It was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666, and rebuilt by Sir C. Wren, in a plain and unpretending style, in 1694. It cost £8058; and is 64 feet long, 52 wide, and 36 high, with a square tower 105 feet high to the top of the balustrade. Restored 1870 at a great cost. Reopened January 1871. It is united with St. Benet's, Gracechurch Street, and St. Leonard's, Eastcheap, sometimes known as Forechurch, as distinguished from St. Dionis, which is styled Backchurch. The right of presentation belongs to the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury. Alexander Barclay, author of The Ship of Fools (d. August 24, 1552), rector of Allhallows, Lombard Street. Here is a monument to Dr. Edward Tyson (d. 1708), the Carus of Garth's Dispensary. On Good Friday about sixty of the younger boys of Christ's Hospital attend at this church, and after the service receive each a new penny and a small packet of almonds and raisins, the bequest of Peter Symonds in the 16th century; from the same fund the rector receives a guinea for preaching the sermon. Allhallows in the Wall, a church in London Wall, Broad Street Ward, designed by George Dance junior, in 1765, and so called "of standing close to the wall of the city."1 The old church escaped the Fire, but in 1764 had become so dangerously dilapidated that an Act of Parliament was obtained for its removal, and the present mean building erected at a cost of £2941. It was consecrated September 8, 1767. In the chancel is a tablet to the Rev. William Beloe, the translator of Herodotus, and twenty years rector of this parish (d. 1817). The Rev. Robert Nares, so well known by his Glossary, was his successor in the living (d. 1829). Over the communion table is a copy, by Sir Nathaniel Dance Holland, of P. da Cortona's picture of Ananias restoring Paul to Sight, a present from the painter. The living is valued at £1700; the right of nomination is in the Lord Chancellor. The register records the marriage, December 26, 1588, of Sir Francis Knowlles [Knollys] Knt., and Mrs. Lettice Barratt. Allhallows Staining, in LANGBOURNE WARD, or Allhallows in MARK LANE. Commonly called Stane Church (as may be supposed) for a difference from other churches of that name in this city, which of old time were built of timber, and since were built of stone.-Stow, p. 77. The old church escaped the Fire, but fell down, all but the tower, in 1761. The living was, in 1870, united to the rectory of St. Olave, Hart Street, and the church pulled down with the exception of the tower. The site was purchased by the Clothworkers' Company, the back of whose hall looks on to the churchyard, and whose lessees erected a large block of offices on the site of the church. Part of the churchyard has been laid out as a garden, and is to be kept unbuilt upon "for ever." From the endowments and proceeds of the site three 1 Stow, p. 66. 16 18 new churches have been built and endowed within six miles of St. Paul's Cathedral, one of these is Allhallows Bromley, by Bow, and the second St. Anthony, Stepney. The Scottish patriot, Sir William Wallace, was lodged as a prisoner, on his first arrival in London, in the house of William de Leyre, a citizen in the parish of All Saints, Fenchurch Street, i.e. Allhallows Staining, at the end of Fenchurch Street.1 Queen Elizabeth, it is said, attended service here on her release from the Tower in 1554, and dined off pork and peas afterwards, at the King's Head, in Fenchurch Street. [But see Fenchurch Street.] Allhallows Staining was one of the four London churches in which King James II.'s Second Declaration of Indulgence was read. The rector was Timothy Hall, "a wretch," as Macaulay calls him, made Bishop of Oxford by the King for his zeal and forwardness on this occasion. The churchwardens' Accounts exhibit a payment to the bell-ringers for ringing the bells for joy on King James's return from Feversham, and a further payment two days after for ringing a joyful peal on the arrival of the Prince of Orange. When the church was pulled down the monuments were removed to St. Olave's, where they were re-erected. All Saints, the churches dedicated to Allhallows are frequently referred to in old documents under the form of All Saints. All Saints, MARGARET STREET, one of the most beautiful of modern London churches, was built in 1850-1859 (W. Butterfield, architect), the first stone being laid by Dr. Pusey on All Saints' Day, November 1, 1850. The spire is a very striking object, and rises to the height of 227 feet. The frescoes in the chancel were painted by W. Dyce, R.A., and the painted windows were by Gerente of Paris. The Church occupies the site of Margaret Street Chapel, which may be considered as the cradle of the High Church movement in London. Its cost is said to have been about £70,000. All Souls' Church, LANGHAM PLACE, was built from the designs of John Nash, at the contract price of £15,994, but alterations etc. amounted to £1719:10s. The foundation-stone was laid November 18, 1822. Consecrated November 25, 1824. A circular portico nearly surrounds the circular tower, which is surmounted by a pointed spire, which has been commonly likened to a candle extinguisher. picture is Christ crowned with Thorns, by R. Westall, R.A. The altar : Alleyn's Alms Houses. There are three sets of alms-houses in London built and endowed by Edward Alleyn (d. 1626), the celebrated actor, and founder of God's Gift College at Dulwich :I. in Lamb Alley, Bishopsgate Street, removed there from Petty France in 1730; 2. in Bath Street (formerly Pest House Lane), City Road (between Nos. 30 and 31); 3. in Soap Yard, Deadman's Place, now called Park Street, Borough Market. The first brick of the alms-houses in Bath Street was laid by Alleyn himself on 1 Compare Stow, by Howes, ed. 1631, p. 209. 1 July 13, 1620; and on April 29, 1621, he records his having placed three men and seven women in the ten houses. They were rebuilt in 1707, and again rebuilt in 1874, from the design of Mr. T. J. Hill, architect to the Gift Estate Commission. The alms-houses have been enlarged to provide accommodation for twentytwo persons. Allington House, HIGH HOLBORN. A house known as Warwick House. [See Warwick House]. In 1665 it was ordered that the Right Hon. Charles Earl of Warwick, in consideration of the sum of twenty pounds to be by him paid to the Treasurer of Gray's Inn, shall have, for a term of forty years, a piece of ground belonging to Gray's Inn, and lying in a brick wall erected by Mrs. Allington, deceased, on the north side of her then dwelling-house in High Holborn,-then called Allington House, and now Warwick House, containing seven roods . . . north towards Gray's Inn Field's.-Douthwaite's Gray's Inn, p. 105. Almack's, a suite of Assembly Rooms in King Street, St. James's, designed by Robert Mylne in 1765. So called after Almack, a native of Scotland (d. 1781), the original proprietor; and later "Willis's Rooms," after a subsequent proprietor. The great room (100 feet by 40 feet) was finished in December 1767. April 5, 1764.—Almack is going to build most magnificent rooms behind his house, one much larger than at Carlisle House.-Mrs. Harris to her son (Earl of Malmesbury), Malms. Corr., vol. i. p. 107. The balls at Almack's were managed by a Committee of Ladies of high rank, and the only mode of admission was by vouchers or personal introduction. The new Assembly Room at Almack's was opened the night before last, and they say is very magnificent, but it was empty; half the town is ill with colds, and many were afraid to go, as the house is scarcely built yet. Almack advertised that it was built with hot bricks and boiling water: think what a rage there must be for public places, if this notice, instead of terrifying, could draw everybody thither, They tell me the ceilings were dripping with wet; but can you believe me when I assure you the Duke of Cumberland [the hero of Culloden] was there? nay, had a levee in the morning, and went to the Opera before the Assembly.-Horace Walpole to the Earl of Hertford, February 14, 1765. There is now opened at Almack's, in three very elegant new-built rooms, a ten guinea subscription, for which you have a ball and supper once a week for twelve weeks. You may imagine by the sum the company is chosen; though, refined as it is, it will be scarce able to put old Soho [Mrs. Corneleys's] out of countenance.Gilly Williams to George Selwyn, February 22, 1765. Our female Almack's flourishes beyond description. If you had such a thing at Paris you would fill half a quire of flourished paper with the description of it. Almack's Scotch face, in a bag-wig, waiting at supper, would divert you, as would his lady, in a sack, making tea and curtseying to the duchesses.-Gilly Williams to George Selwyn, March, 1765. The female club I told you of is removed from their quarters, Lady Pembroke objecting to a tavern; it meets, therefore, for the present, at certain rooms of Almack's, who for another year is to provide a private house. . . . The first fourteen who imagined and planned it settled its rules and constitutions. These were formed upon the model of one of the clubs at Almack's. There are seventy-five chosen (the whole number is to be two hundred). The ladies nominate and choose the gentlemen, and vice verså; so that no lady can exclude a lady, or gentleman a gentleman! The Duchess of Bedford was at first blackballed, but is since admitted. Duchess of Grafton and of Marlborough are also chosen. Lady Hertford wrote to beg admittance and has obtained it; also Lady Holderness, Lady Rochford, are blackballed; as is Lord March, Mr. Boothby, and one or two more who think themselves pretty gentlemen du premier ordre, but is plain the ladies are not of their opinion. Lady Molineux has accepted, but the Duchess of Beaufort has declined, as her health never permits her to sup abroad. When any of the ladies dine with the society they are to send word before, but supper comes of course, and is to be served always at eleven. Play will be deep and constant probably.—Mrs. Boscawen to Mrs. Delaney, vol. iv. p. 362. All on that magic List depends; Fame, fortune, fashion, lovers, friends : 'Tis that which gratifies or vexes All ranks, all ages, and both sexes. If once to Almack's you belong, Like monarchs you can do no wrong; But banished thence on Wednesday night, By Jove you can do nothing right.-Luttrell's Julia, Letter i. The mixed club died out, and was succeeded by a series of balls in the season, which became famous. They were managed by a Committee of Ladies of high rank, and were confined almost exclusively to the aristocracy. At length the barrier began to be broken through by plebeian invasions, the prestige was lost, and in 1863 Almack's ceased to exist. With a brief interval, during which they were used for clubhouse purposes, the rooms have since been let for dinners, concerts, balls, and public meetings. 18 Almack's Club was founded in 1764 by Almack in Pall Mall, on the site of the house occupied by the Marlborough Club. The gaming was of the most extravagant kind. The play, wrote Walpole, was "for rouleaus of £50 each, and generally there is said to have been £10,000 in specie on the table." Lord Lauderdale informed Mr. Croker (Boswell's Johnson, p. 501) that "Mr. Fox told him that the deepest play he had ever known was between 1772 and the American War. Lord Lauderdale instanced £5000 being staked on a single card at Faro, and he talked of £7000 lost and won in a night." Fox was one of the deepest players and sufferers. At Almack's of pigeons I'm told there are flocks; If he touches a card, if he rattles the box, Away fly the guineas of this Mr. Fox. Jesse's Selwyn, vol. iii. p. 159. Lord Holland is said to have paid above £20,000 for his two sons. The brothers, the eldest under twenty-five, lost £32,000 in two nights. They borrowed largely of Jew money-lenders; and Charles Fox called the outer room, where these accommodating persons waited till he rose from play, the Jerusalem Chamber. It soon became notorious for deep play. "There have been deep doings at Almack's," wrote Horace Walpole to Lady Ossory, January 5, 1772; and he tells his friend in Florence The gaming at Almack's, which has taken the pas of White's, is worthy the decline of our empire, or commonwealth, which you please. The young men of the |