Newmarket, that infamous seminary of iniquity and ill-manners, during the course of the races there; or shall resort to the said races; or shall lose, in any one day, at any game or bet whatsoever, the sum of £500; then, in any of the cases aforesaid,. it is my express will that he, my said godson, shall forfeit and pay out of my estate, the sum of £5000, to and for the use of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster.Lord Chesterfield's Will. Lord Chesterfield died (March 24, 1773) in this house, desiring by will that his remains might be buried in the next burying-place to the place where he should die, and that the expense of his funeral might not exceed £100. He was accordingly interred in Grosvenor Chapel, in South Audley Street, but his remains were afterwards removed to Shelford in Nottinghamshire. Mr. Magniac leased a portion of the famous garden behind the house for building a row of mansions on, named Chesterfield Gardens, and also pulled down the colonnade, and let the land formerly occupied by the stabling and kitchen offices for building several large mansions thereon. Chesterfield Street, MAY FAIR, was so named after Chesterfield House. Eminent Inhabitants.-George Selwyn, 1776, and for at least twenty years afterwards. He had inherited the house in Cleveland Row in which he died; but for a quarter of a century preferred Chesterfield Street as a residence. Beau Brummell, at No. 4; in 1810 he removed to 22 South Street. Cheyne Row, CHELSEA, No. 5 (now renumbered 24), the turning at the west end of Cheyne Walk, was, from 1834 till his death there, February 5, 1881, the residence of Thomas Carlyle, "The Philosopher of Chelsea." The French Revolution, Cromwell, the Latter Day Pamphlets, and Frederick the Great, were all written in this house. Boehm's statue of Carlyle is on the Chelsea Embankment at the end of Cheyne Row. No. 4 Upper Cheyne Row was (1839-1840) one of Leigh Hunt's many suburban dwelling-places. "His household, while in 4 Upper Cheyne Row,' within a few steps of us here," writes Carlyle in his reminiscent style, "almost at once disclosed itself to be hugger-mugger, unthrift, and sordid collapse, once for all; and had to be associated with on cautious terms."1 He removed from it to Kensington. At No. 3 Upper Cheyne Row died (1832) William Finden, the well-known line engraver. Cheyne Walk, CHELSEA, a terrace of houses by the river-side, screened by a row of trees, and so called after Charles, Lord Viscount Cheyne, Lord of the Manor of Chelsea (d. 1698). Some of the houses, of red brick with wrought-iron gates, retain much of their original Queen Anne or Georgian character. Cheyne Walk has always been in favour with artists. Turner lived at No. 119 for some years, and there he died, December 18, 1851. Daniel Maclise lived at No. 4, and died there April 25, 1870. George Elliot (Mrs. Cross) died in this house in 1880. Dante Gabriel Rossetti lived at No. 16, called Queen's House, and associated with the name of 1 Carlyle's Reminiscences, vol. ii. p. 210. Queen Catherine of Braganza. No. 18 was Don Saltero's Coffeehouse [which see]. Chichester Rents, CHANCERY LANE, SO called after Ralph Nevill, Bishop of Chichester, and Lord Chancellor in the reign of Henry III. Here also is Bishop's Court. The site of Lincoln's Inn was the property of the Bishops of Chichester, who still hold property on both sides of Chancery Lane. Chick Lane, Newgate Street, is chiefly remarkable for changing its name; first from Stinking Lane to Chick Lane, next from Chick Lane to Blowbladder Street, then from Blowbladder Street to Butcher Hall Lane, and last of all (1843) from Butcher Hall Lane to King Edward Street. Chick Lane, WEST SMITHFIELD, a small and dirty street, destroyed July 1844, when the memorable "Red Lion Tavern" in West Street, as the street was then called, with its trap-doors, sliding-panels, and cellars and passages for thieves, was taken down. The house over looked the open descent of the Fleet from Clerkenwell to Farringdon Street, and had long been infamous. A plank thrown across the sewer was often the means, it was said, of effecting an escape. When swelled with rain, the sewer roared and raged with all the dash and impatience of a mountain torrent. We walk'd on till we came to the end of a little stinking lane, which my friend told me was Chick Lane; where measly pork and neck-of-beef stood out in wooden platters, adorned with carrots, and garnished with the leaves of marigolds.-Ned Ward's London Spy, pt. v. (See also pt. xi.) Child's Coffee-house, ST. PAUL'S CHURCHYARD. Sometimes I smoke a pipe at Child's, and whilst I seem attentive to nothing but The Postman, overhear the conversation of every table in the room.—The Spectator, No. 1; and see No. 609. Sir Hans Sloane, Dr. Edmund Halley, and myself, were once together at Child's Coffee-house in St. Paul's Churchyard, when Dr. Halley asked me why I was not a member of the Royal Society? I answered, because they durst not choose a heretic. Upon which Dr. Halley said, that if Sir Hans Sloane would propose me, he would second it, which was done accordingly.-Whiston. Dr. Radcliffe, when in apprehension of being "pulled to pieces" by the mob for refusing to attend at Queen Anne's deathbed, writes to "Dr. Mead, at Child's Coffee-house in St. Paul's Churchyard," August 3, 1714. Child's Place, TEMPLE BAR WITHIN, built 1788 on the site of the Devil Tavern, between Temple Bar and Middle Temple Lane. It derives its name from the Banking-house of the Messrs. Child immediately adjoining. Child's was the first banking-house established in London, banking being previously carried on by goldsmiths. The house dates from the reign of Elizabeth, but the original proprietor was John Wheeler, a goldsmith. It was not till towards the end of the 17th century that Francis Child, who had been admitted as a partner, on becoming head of the firm, relinquished the business of a goldsmith し and confined his attention to banking. The sign of the house was that of a tavern which had previously stood there, "The Marygold, next door to Temple Bar." The old ledgers of the bank, weighing many tons, were stored in the room over Temple Bar until the arch of that structure gave way in 1874. In them are the accounts of Oliver Cromwell, Nell Gwynne, John Dryden, the great Duke of Marlborough and his Duchess, William III. and Queen Mary, Bishop Burnet, and many other famous personages who banked there. Child's Bank and Child's Place were pulled down in 1879, and the latter has been engulphed in the newly erected Child's Bank. Chiswell Street, FINSBURY, runs from Finsbury Square to Beech Street. At No. 46 in this street Lackington the bookseller commenced business in the beginning of 1775 with a stock of books which he valued at £25.1 At the west end of the street is Whitbread's Brewery, one of the largest in London, and particularly famous for its porter and stout. One of the most amusing of Peter Pindar's poems is his ode on the "Visit of King George III. and Queen Charlotte to Whitbread's Brewery" :— Now moved King, Queen, and Princesses so grand, Who sometimes swills his beer and grinds his meat Peter Pindar, Birth-Day Ode. Richard Cecil, the evangelical divine, was born at his father's place of business in this street. The father, Thomas Cecil, was scarlet dyer to the East India Company. The field called Bonhill Field belongeth to the said Manour of Finsbury, butting south upon the Highway there called Chiswel Street.-Survey of the Manour of Finsbury, dated December 30, 1567 (Strype, B. iv. p. 102). Cholmondeley House, PICCADILLY. [See Cambridge House.] し Christ Church, ALBANY STREET, Regent's Park, erected 18361837, from the designs of Sir James Pennethorne, in a semi-classic style, was decorated and rearranged internally by Mr. Butterfield in 1867. This was the first church built under Bishop Blomfield's "Metropolitan Church Scheme." It was an important centre of the High Church movement. し Christ Church, ENDELL STREET, was built in 1845 (B. Ferrey, architect). On the occasion of the great thunderstorm which broke over London on the evening of August 17, 1887, this church was struck twice. The spire was so much injured that it became necessary to take it down without delay. It was rebuilt and finished in the middle of November 1887. ✓Christ Church, NEWGATE STREET, by Christ's Hospital, a parish church founded on the dissolution of the Greyfriars Monastery; "the parishes of St. Nicholas and of St. Ewin, and so much of St. 1 "Memoirs of the Forty-five Years of the Life Chiswell Street, Moorfields, written by Him. of James Lackington, the present Bookseller in self," 2d. ed. p. 221. Sepulchre's parish as is within Newgate, being made one parish church in the Greyfriars Church, and called Christ Church, founded by Henry VIII." Thomas Becon was appointed to the living in 1563, and held it along with St. Dionis Backchurch, and afterwards with St. Stephen Walbrook also. The original church was seriously injured in the Great Fire of 1666, and was left untouched until 1687, when the present structure was commenced, and completed in 1704, from the designs of Sir Christopher Wren. It is of stone, Italian (of the Corinthian order), 114 feet long, 81 wide (being the widest of the City churches), and 46 feet 7 inches high; and has a square and lofty steeple. Spacious as it is, "the new church," says Strype, "stands not upon half the ground of the ancient monastical church." [See Greyfriars.] Trapp, who translated Virgil, and occasioned a well-known epigram, was vicar for twenty-six years. Trapp preached here against Whitefield and Whitefield heard him. There is a monument to his memory in the church, but he is buried at Harlington, Middlesex. The galleries hold 900 of the boys from Christ's Hospital. Eminent Persons interred in.-Lady Venetia Digby, wife of Sir Kenelm Digby. Sir Kenelm himself was laid by her side some years afterwards (1655). John Vicars ("Prynne and Vicars "), who was an usher in Christ's Hospital, was buried here in 1652.2 Wife of Richard Baxter, the Nonconformist. "She was buried," he tells us, "on June 17 [1681], in Christchurch in the ruines, in her own mother's grave. The grave was the highest next to the old altar or table in the chancel." Richard Baxter himself (d. 1691). He lived in Charter House Yard. Guiscard, who stabbed Harley, Earl of Oxford, in the council chamber at the Cockpit. He is buried in the "green churchyard of Christ Church." Rev. James Boyer, headmaster of Christ's Hospital, when Coleridge and Lamb were there (d. 1814), was buried near the pulpit. Akerman, Governor of Newgate at the time of the Gordon Riots, was buried in the churchyard. The gravestone is on the right hand of the entrance gate. The church serves as well for the parish of St. Leonard, Foster Lane, that church having been destroyed in the Great Fire and not rebuilt; and the right of presentation belongs alternately to the governors of St. Bartholomew's Hospital for Christ Church, and the Dean and Chapter of Westminster for St. Leonard's, Foster Lane. This is one of the four churches in which civic ceremonials take place. The most important at Christ Church is the annual Spital Sermon, when the Lord Mayor, Sheriffs, Aldermen, and other City officials. attend in state. It was to this church that the Parliament and great officers of the army repaired when they went to the City in state on the general Day of Thanksgiving, June 7, 1649. First the Grandees, my Lord General upon one of the late King's horses went modestly through the streets to Christ Church, where, first, entered the President 1 Stow, p. 119. 2 There is a view of the tomb in the Antiquarian Repertory. in a black velvet gown richly faced with gold, and his train borne up by two. Next to him the Speaker and Commissioners of the Great Seal. After them the General: then the House of Commons. Cromwell at the tail of the three Lords [Salisbury, Pembroke, and Lisle], which were all that were there. In this order they took their places and were fitted with a double sermon.-Evelyn, June 7, 1649, vol. iii. p. 55. In the earthquake which shook London, April 6, 1580, "The roof of Christ Church, near to Newgate Market, was so shaken that a large stone dropped out of it, killing one person, and mortally wounding another, it being sermon time." This is thought to be the earthquake referred to by the Nurse in Romeo and Juliet (Act i. Sc. 3): 'Tis since the earthquake now eleven years.1 Christ Church, SPITALFIELDS, constituted a distinct parish from Stepney in 1728. Built 1723-1729 from the designs of Nicholas Hawksmoor. Up to the time of its erection it was the largest of the modern churches of London, being 111 feet by 89. The steeple is 234 feet high. The church was damaged by fire in 1836, but was restored at a large outlay. It was again restored (and altered) in 1866 under the superintendence of Mr. E. Christian, at a cost of about £7000. Observe.-Monument to Sir Robert Ladbroke, by John Flaxman. Peter Nouaille (d. 1809) was buried here. Christ Church, STAFFORD STREET, MARYLEBONE, built from the designs of Philip Hardwick, R.A., and consecrated in 1825. It was rearranged by Mr. Blomfield, architect, in 1867, and a quasi-chancel added. The recessed Ionic portico and principal front are at the east end. Christ Church, SURREY, a parish situated between St. Saviour's, Southwark, on one side, and Lambeth on the other. Gravel Lane divides it from St. Saviour's. John Marshall, of the borough of Southwark, gentleman, left by will, made August 21, 1627, and proved April 15, 1631, the sum of £700 for the purpose of erecting a new church and churchyard in such places as his feoffees or trustees should think fit. Some delay took place in carrying out the intentions of the testator, and a further and still longer delay was occasioned by the Civil War. But the bequest was not altogether overlooked, and in the year 1671 the manor of Paris Garden was chosen for that purpose, an Act of Parliament obtained, and the church of the parish of Christ Church, Surrey, consecrated Sunday, December 17, 1671, by John Dolben, Bishop of Rochester, "commissioned thereunto by the Lord Bishop of Winchester, in whose diocese it lies." The Bishop of Winchester referred to was Isaak Walton's good Bishop Morley. The manor of Paris Garden was originally in the parish of St. Margaret's, and then of St. Saviour's, Southwark. The present parish is identical with the manor. The dedication sermon was preached by Adam Littleton. The present church, a plain quadrangular brick building, on the west side of the Blackfriars Road, was built 1738-1741. An 1 Knight's Studies of Shakespeare, p. 215. |