1851, and a good deal altered internally in 1872, when the churchyard was altered to adapt it to the level of the new Holborn Viaduct. The painted glass in the west window is new. In 2 Edw. III. the parish is styled "St. Andrew in Purtepul, without the Bar, in the suburb of London."1 Hacket, afterwards bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, and the author of the Life of Lord Keeper Williams, was several years rector of this church. One Sunday, while he was reading the Common Prayer in St. Andrew, a soldier of the Earl of Essex came and clapped a pistol to his breast and commanded him to read no further. Not at all terrified, Hacket said he would do what became a divine, and he might do what became a soldier. He was permitted to proceed. Another eminent rector was Edward Stillingfleet, afterwards bishop of Worcester. While Stillingfleet was rector of St. Andrew, the young Richard Bentley resided with him as tutor to his son. A rector eminent in a different way was Dr. Sacheverel, whose "Trial" is matter of English history. Sacheverel, who received the living of St. Andrew as a reward for the trial he had gone through, is buried in the chancel of the church, under an inscribed stone (d. 1724).

In the south aisle is a tablet to Emery, the actor (d. 1822). William Whiston, the Nonconformist preacher, was a constant attendant at this church, but left the church and parish on Sacheverel refusing to allow him to take the communion. The parish registers record the baptism and burial of two of our most unfortunate Sons of Song: under January 18, 1696-1697, the baptism of Richard Savage; and under August 28, 1770, the burial of Thomas Chatterton. Savage was born in Fox Court, Brooke Street, and Chatterton died in Brooke Street. Savage died in Bristol, and Chatterton was born in Bristol. Chatterton is entered in the register as "William Chatterton, interred in the graveyard of Shoe Lane Workhouse." There are other interesting entries in the register: the burial, in 1561, of Robert Coke of Mileham, in Norfolk, the father of Sir Edward Coke: in the old church was a monument to his memory; the marriage (1598) of Edward Coke, "the Queen's Attorney-General," and "my Lady Elizabeth Hatton;" the marriage (1638) of Colonel Hutchinson and Lucy Apsley (Mrs. Hutchinson's Memoirs are well known); the burial (1643) of Nathaniel Tomkins, executed for his share in Waller's plot; the burial (1690) of Theodore Haak, one of the founders of the Royal Society; the burial (1720) of John Hughes, author of The Siege of Damascus; the baptism of Henry Addington, Speaker and Prime Minister, June 30, 1757; the burial (1802) of Joseph Strutt, author of Sports and Pastimes; the marriage (on Sunday, May 1, 1808), of William Hazlitt and Sarah Stoddart: Charles Lamb was best man, and Mary Lamb bridesmaid, and Lamb was near being turned out of the church for laughing. One remarkable entry runs thus :—

Baptized July 31, 1817, Benjamin, said to be about twelve years old, son of

1 Historical MSS. Comm., Appendix to Ninth Report, p. 3.

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Isaac and Maria D'Israeli, King's Road, Gentleman. A clergyman named Thimbleby performed the ceremony.

Lord Chancellor Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton, was buried here, but his body was afterwards removed to Tichfield.-Cooper, Athen. Cant. Webster the dramatist is said by Gildon to have been clerk of this parish.

The living is a rectory of the value of £900, in the gift of the Duke of Buccleuch.

Andrew's (St.) Hubberd, or ST. ANDREW IN EASTCHEAP, a church which stood between St. Botolph's Lane and Love Lane, in Billingsgate Ward, destroyed in the Great Fire, and not rebuilt. Weigh House Yard afterwards occupied the site. The parish church is St. Mary-at-Hill, to which parish St. Andrew's Hubberd is now united. Andrew's (St.) Undershaft, a church erected 1520-1532, one of the latest in the perpendicular period of Gothic architecture, at the corner of St. Mary Axe, Leadenhall Street, in Aldgate Ward, and called Undershaft "because that of old time every year (on May-day in the morning), it was used that an high or long shaft or May-pole was set up there before the south door of the said church.”1 As the shaft overtopped the steeple the church in St. Mary Axe received the additional name of St. Andrew's Undershaft, to distinguish it from other churches in London dedicated to the same saint. This shaft is said by Stow to be alluded to in a "Chance of Dice," a poem attributed by him to Chaucer, but now unknown.

The last year of the shaft overlooking the old church was on "Evil May-day," 1517, when a serious fray took place, amid the gaieties of the occasion, between the apprentices and the settled foreigners of the parish. This was good reason for not hoisting it again; and for two and thirty years the shaft remained unraised. Another fate yet awaited it: a certain curate, whom Stow calls Sir Stephen, preached against it at Paul's Cross and accused the inhabitants of the parish it was in of setting up for themselves an idol, inasmuch as they had named their church with the addition of "under the shaft." "I heard his sermon at Paul's Cross," says Stow, "and I saw the effect that followed." The effect was that the inhabitants first sawed into pieces and then burnt the old May-pole of their parish.

The church is considered by some to be the first church erected in London with a special view to the Reformed worship. It consists of a nave and two side aisles. The roof is ribbed and almost flat. The large east window contained full length portraits of Edward VI., Queen Elizabeth, James I., Charles I., and Charles II., all very much faded. The exterior was in 1866 cleared from the cement with which it had been covered, and partially restored by Mr. Thomas C. Clerke, but a more thorough restoration was effected in 1875-1876, when the interior was entirely remodelled. The glass spoken of above was

1 Stow, p. 54.

removed to the west window, the east window filled with new glass, and a new and larger chancel, with reredos and sanctuary, designed by Mr. A. Blomfield, A.R.A., added.

Terra-cotta monument to John Stow, author of the invaluable Survey which bears his name, erected at the expense of his widow, and once painted to resemble life. The honest old citizen and chronicler is represented sitting with a book on a table before him, and a pen in his hand. The figure is cramped, but the head has an air and character which marks it out for a likeness. There was once a railing before it. John Stow was born in the parish of St. Michael's, Cornhill, about the year 1525. "In 1549," says Strype, "I find him. dwelling by the Well within Aldgate, where now a pump standeth, between Leadenhall Street and Fenchurch Street." He was by trade a tailor, and the arms of his Company, the Merchant Tailors, figure on his tomb. He died in the parish of St. Andrew's Undershaft, April 5, 1605, old, poor, and neglected. His remains were disturbed in the year 1732, and it is said removed.1 Monument to Sir Hugh Hammersley (d. 1636). Sir Hugh is represented kneeling underneath a canopy behind him kneels his wife. All this is common enough; not so the two full-length cavalier figures on each side, which are conceived with an ease and an elegance not then common in English sculpture. The artist's name is said to have been Thomas Madden : he is not mentioned by Walpole. Peter Motteux, the translator of Don Quixote, lies buried in this church, but without a monument. He kept a large East India warehouse in Leadenhall Street, and died (1718) in a house of ill-fame in Butcher Row in the Strand. The living is a rectory in the gift of the Bishop of London, value £2000.

Hans Holbein the painter resided in this parish, and died here in 1543 (not in 1554 as usually stated). His name occurs in a Subsidy Roll for the city of London, dated October 24, 1541. "Aldgate Warde, Parisshe of Saint Andrewe Undershafte Straunger: Hans Holbene in fee xxx.li. . . . iij.li."—Quoted by Mr. A. W. Franks (Discovery of the Will of Hans Holbein), Archæologia, vol. xxxix., p. 17. Holbein was at this time in receipt of £30 annually as painter to the king; the tax is so large because he is a foreigner (straunger). The will of "Johannis, alias Hans Holbein, nuper parochie sancti Andree Undershafte," dated October 7, 1543, was proved by his executor, "Mr. John of Anwarpe," on November 29 following.-Archæologia, vol. xxxix. Stow had been "told that Hans Holbein the great and inimitable painter" was buried in the neighbouring church (eastward) of St. Catherine Cree, but that when the Earl of Arundel would have set up a monument to his memory he could not learn where his corpse lay. Holbein died, as is believed, of the plague, and at such times little heed was given as to the exact place of sepulture.Wornum's Holbein, p. 365.

Andrew's (St.) by the Wardrobe, a church on the east side of 1 Maitland, ed. 1739, p. 368.

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ST. ANDREW'S HILL (formerly Puddledock Hill), in Castle Baynard Ward, so called from its contiguity to the office of the King's Great Wardrobe, and to distinguish it from the other churches in London dedicated to the same saint. It was previously called St. Andrew's juxta-Baynard's Castle, from its vicinity to the mansion so named, and received its present appellation after the removal of the King's Wardrobe to the house built by Sir John Beauchamp (d. 1359), and, thenceforth known as Wardrobe Court. [See Wardrobe.] The old church was destroyed in the Great Fire, and the present edifice, one of Sir C. Wren's design, was erected 1691-1692 at a cost of £7060, and served for the newly united parishes of St. Andrew's-in-the Wardrobe and St. Anne's, Blackfriars. The interior, 75 feet long, 59 wide, and 38 high, is light and elegant. A monument by the elder Bacon to the Rev. William Romaine (d. 1795) is not devoid of beauty. The bust is very good. The living is a rectory valued at £250; the right of presentation belongs alternately to the Mercers' Company (for St. Andrew's), and to the parishioners of St. Anne's for the parish of

Anne's.

Among the State Papers is a letter from Lord Keeper Coventry to Bishop Laud, in which he states that he has considered the title made by the Earl of Leicester to the patronage of this church: "It comes through John, Duke of Northumberland, who was attainted in Queen Mary's time, whereupon the title fell to the Crown."1

Angel Alley, now called Angel Passage, a court on the east side of Upper Thames Street, opposite Duckfoot Lane. In the Guildhall collection is a rare Tavern Token, with an angel in the field, and the inscription "Obadiah Surridge in Angell Ally, in Thames Street, 1668. His halfe peny."-Burn, p. 17. The name was of old very much in favour with Londoners for these narrow passages. Dodsley records twenty-three Angel Alleys and thirty Angel Courts in 1761. There are still about thirty Angel Alleys, Courts, Rows, Streets, Terraces, etc.

Angel Inn (The), ISLINGTON (So called), though really situated in the parish of Clerkenwell, has a history of at least two centuries and a half. Among those who compounded for buildings erected in London contrary to proclamation (1638 ?) was William Ryplingham, "for a new building in the Angel's Inn in Islington." In the year

1699 the inn was owned by one Bagnall.

The Angel Inn formerly was noted as being a halting-place for travellers approaching London from the north; who, if they arrived after nightfall, generally waited here till the morrow for fear of the thieves who infested the road beyond leading to the Metropolis, and who robbed with impunity, and sometimes murdered those who had the temerity to proceed on their journey. Persons having to cross the fields to Clerkenwell usually went in a body for mutual protection; and it was customary at the Angel to ring a bell to summon the party together before starting.— Pink's History of Clerkenwell, 1881, p. 549.

1 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1628

1629, P. 503.

2 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1638. 1639, p. 262.

The interior or courtyard of the old inn is shown in Hogarth's engraving of the Stage Coach.

A lease of the premises for 70 years was sold by auction on January 26, 1819, and shortly afterwards the inn was rebuilt. It has been much modernised lately.

Angel Inn, ST. CLEMENT'S DANES, STRAND, on the north side of the church, was one of the most interesting of the old galleried inns of London. A letter, dated February 6, 1503, was directed to "Sir Richard Plumpton, Knight, being lodged at the Angell behind St. Clement Kirk, without the Temple Barr, at London." 1 The inn was then standing in the fields. When Hooper, the martyr-Bishop of Gloucester, was condemned in January 1555 he was taken to the Angel Inn before being sent to Gloucester, where he was burnt.

Before the period of railways as many as seven or eight mailcoaches started every night from this inn. In 1853 it was closed, and the freehold sold for £6800. On the inn and its large courtyard were built St. Clement's Chambers, now styled Dane's Inn. There is an engraving of the inn in Diprose's St. Clement Danes, 1868, p. 195.

Ann (St.) and St. Agnes within Aldersgate, formerly ST. ANN IN THE WILLOWS, a church on the north side of St. Ann's Lane, St. Martin's-le-Grand, now Gresham Street, and in the ward of Aldersgate. Destroyed by the Great Fire, it was rebuilt by Sir C. Wren in 1681, when the neighbouring parish of St. John Zachary was united to it.

St. Anne in the Willows, so called, I know not upon what occasion, but some say of willows growing thereabouts; but now there is no such void place for willows to grow, more than the churchyard, wherein do grow some high ash trees.-Stow, p. 115.

:

This church was burnt down [1666], and rebuilt of rubbed brick and stands in the churchyard, planted before the church with lime trees that flourish there. So that, as it was formerly called St. Anne in the Willows, it may now be named St. Anne in the Limes.-Strype, B. iii. p. 101.

The interior is 53 feet square and 35 feet high. Four Corinthian columns form an inner square and support an ornamented ceiling higher than the outer sides, which have sunk panels of fretwork within circles, giving a pleasing effect. The living is a rectory, the right of presentation belongs to the Bishop of London, alternately with the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's.

Anne's (St.), BLACKFRIARS, a parish church which stood south of Ireland Yard, St. Andrew's Hill, in the precinct of the Blackfriars and ward of Farringdon Within; destroyed in the Great Fire, and not rebuilt. The church of St. Andrew by the Wardrobe serves for St. Anne's.

There is a parish of St. Anne, within the precinct of the Blackfriars, which

1 Plumpton Correspondence.