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Addle Hill, between UPPER THAMES STREET and GREAT CARTER LANE (the lower part cut by Queen Victoria Street); on a token of the 17th century, Adlin Hill. About this time it appears to have been in favour with printers. The Shoemakers' Holiday was printed in 1600 by "Valentine Sims, dwelling at the foot of Adling Hill, near Barnard's Castle, at the sign of the White Swan." Sims was living there three years earlier, and another printer, Simon Stafford, was "dwelling on Adling Hill" in 1600.

Addle Street, between WOOD STREET and ALDERMANBURY.

Then is Adle Street, the reason of which name I know not.-Stow, p. 111. Very probable it is that this church [St. Alban's, Wood Street] is at least of as ancient a standing as King Adelstane the Saxon; who, as the tradition says, had his house at the east end of this church. This King's house having a door also in Adel Street, gave name as 'tis thought unto the said Adel Street, which in all evidences to this day is written King Adel Street.—Antony Munday (Stow, ed. 1633).

The Saxon word Adel or Adel is simply noble. No. 18 is Brewers' Hall. Next No. 23 was Plasterers' Hall.

Adelaide Place, the broad space between KING WILLIAM STREET and the north foot of LONDON BRIDGE. So named after Adelaide, Queen of William IV., in whose reign the approaches to London Bridge were completed. Fishmongers' Hall occupies the west side of Adelaide Place.

Adelaide Street, KING WILLIAM STREET, WEST STRAND. Like Adelaide Place, was so called after Queen Adelaide, the improvements in this part of the Strand having been carried out in the reign of William IV.

The Adelaide Gallery of Practical Science (now Messrs. Gatti's) was built by Jacob Perkins the engineer, and opened in 1832 for the exhibition of models of inventions, works of art, and specimens of novel manufacture. Here was exhibited Perkins's steam gun, and in a canal 70 feet long, containing 6000 gallons of water, models of steamboats, etc.

1 Adelphi (The). A large pile of building ("the bold Adelphi " of the Heroic Epistle) with dwellings and warehouses, erected in the early part of the reign of George III., on the site of Durham House, and called the Adelphi, from the brothers Adam, the projectors and architects. Robert and James Adam were architects of repute-natives of Scotland, patronised by the Earl of Bute, for whom they built Lansdowne House, in Berkeley Square, and by Lord Mansfield, for whom they built Caen Wood House, near Hampstead. When in July 1768 the Adelphi Buildings were commenced, the Court and City were in direct opposition, and the citizens were glad in any little way in their power to show their hostility to the Court. The brothers Adam were patronised by the King, and having in their Adelphi Buildings encroached, it was thought, too far upon the Thames, and thus interfered with the rights of the Lord Mayor as conservator of the river, the citizens applied to

Parliament for protection, but lost their cause-through the influence of the Crown, as Walpole asserts.1 The feeling was greatly aggravated by the brothers coming from the wrong side of the Tweed.

Four Scotchmen, by the name of Adams,
Who keep their coaches and their madams,
Quoth John, in sulky mood, to Thomas,
Have stole the very river from us!

O Scotland, long has it been said,

Thy teeth are sharp for English bread;

What seize our bread and water too

And use us worse than jailors do:

'Tis true, 'tis hard; 'tis hard, 'tis true.

Ye friends of George, and friends of James,
Envy us not our river Thames;

The Princess, fond of raw-boned faces,
May give you all our posts and places;
Take all to gratify your pride,

But dip your oatmeal in the Clyde.

Foundling Hospital for Wit, ed. 1784, vol. iv. p. 189. In order to make the necessary encroachments on the river, a special Act of Parliament was obtained (2 Geo. III. c. 34, 1771).

Durham yard was occupied by a number of small low-lying houses, coal-sheds, and lay-stalls, washed by the muddy deposits of the Thames. The property then was in the possession of the Duke of St. Alban's, from whom the Adams leased it for ninety-nine years, from Lady-day 1768, at a yearly rent of £1200. The leases expired in 1867, when the whole property came into the possession of Messrs. Drummond, who obtained the estate from the trustees of the Duke of St. Alban's. The change effected by the brothers was extraordinary: they threw a series of arches over the whole declivity-allowed the wharves to remain -connected the river with the Strand by a spacious archway, and over these extensive vaultings erected a series of well-built streets, a noble terrace towards the river, and a house with a convenient suite of rooms for the then recently established Society of Arts. But the architecture was not without its critics :

What are the Adelphi Buildings? Warehouses, laced down the seams, like a soldier's frill in a regimental old coat.-Walpole to Mason, July 29, 1773.

Adam Street leads from the Strand to the Adelphi and its Terrace, and the names of the brothers, John, Robert, James, and William, are preserved in adjoining streets.

When the scheme was first set on foot, Mr. Coutts, of the Strand, being anxious to preserve the fine prospect over the Kent and Surrey hills, which the back windows of his banking house then afforded, purchased a share of the Durham Gardens property, and arranged with the Messrs. Adam that the streets should be so laid out as to preserve their vista, and Robert Street was accordingly so planned as to form a frame for the wealthy banker's landscape. The piece of land between William Street and John Street was at that time occupied by his strong

1 Walpole, Memoirs of George 111., vol. iv. p. 175.

rooms, connected underground with the office, and built up only to the level of the Strand. When it became necessary to enlarge his premises he procured a special Act of Parliament for throwing an arch over William Street. It was recognised as a good omen that, on the day of opening these improvements, Nelson sent to Mr. Coutts for security the diamond aigrette which had been presented to him by the Sultan.

Eminent Inhabitants.—David Garrick, in the centre house, No. 5 (now No. 4), of the terrace, from 1772, when he removed here from Southampton Street, till his death in 1779. The ceiling of the front drawing-room was painted by Antonio Zucchi, A.R.A., an artist introduced by the Messrs. Adam to decorate their buildings. A chimneypiece of white marble in the same room is said to have cost £300. But the back rooms were dark and gloomy, and only the front drawing-room could be called a fine room-Note to Garrick Correspondence. Garrick died in the back room of the first floor; and his widow in the same house and room in 1822. It is now the office of the Literary Fund. Topham Beauclerk (Johnson's friend).

He [Johnson] and I walked away together; we stopped a little while by the rails of the Adelphi, looking on the Thames, and I said to him with some emotion, that I was now thinking of two friends we had lost, who once lived in the buildings behind us: Beauclerk and Garrick. 66 Ay, Sir," said he tenderly, "and two such friends as cannot be supplied."-Boswell, by Croker, p. 687.

The Earl of Beaconsfield was said to have been born in the Adelphi on December 31, 1803. During his last illness Lord Barrington one day asked him where he was born. "I was born in the Adelphi," he replied, “and I may say in a library. My father was not rich when he married. He took a suite of apartments in the Adelphi, and he possessed a large collection of books, all the rooms were covered with them, including that in which I was born."-Times, April 20, 1881.

This, however, appears to be a mistake. Isaac D'Israeli lived in James Street until his marriage, and then moved to King's Road, Bedford Row. [See James Street.] The notice of Mr. Disraeli's marriage stood as follows:- "10th January 1802 Isaac D'Israeli Esq of the Adelphi to Miss Basevi of Billiter Square."

When the Adelphi was building, Becket, the bookseller in the Strand, was anxious to remove his shop to the corner house of Adam Street leading to the Adelphi ; and Garrick was an applicant by letter to the "dear Adelphi," for this east "corner blessing," as he calls it, for his friend.-"Garrick to Adam," Hone's Every Day Book, vol. i. p. 327. The application was successful, Becket obtaining the house, No. 73, north-east corner of Adam Street. It was burnt down (June 28, 1822) and rebuilt on the same plan as before.

Adelphi Hotel, August 8, 1787.—Intelligence extraordinary. This day (August the seventh) the celebrated E. G. arrived with a numerous retinue (one servant). We hear that he has brought over from Lausanne the remainder of his History for immediate publication.-Gibbon to Lord Sheffield.

In Osborne's Hotel, in John Street, the King of the Sandwich Islands (Rhio-Rhio, son and successor of Tamehameha, who placed his

kingdom under the protection of England) resided while on a visit to this country in the reign of George IV. The King died there, September 14, 1824; his Queen the week before. The son and biographer of Crabbe the poet mentions that, in 1813, his father and mother had occupied the same apartments. Isaac D'Israeli stayed at this hotel on his return from his wedding tour, and before settling in King's Road. Dr. Thomas Munro, the early patron of Turner, and other young artists. Rowlandson died here April 22, 1827. Mr. Thomas Hill,

the supposed original of Paul Pry, died at No. 2 James Street. The architectural effect of the Adelphi Terrace has been greatly altered by the formation of the Thames Embankment in front of it. In the Adelphi arches a battery of guns was quietly stowed away, ready for use if required, on the memorable tenth of April 1848.

The arches under the Adelphi were open for many years, and formed subterranean streets leading to the wharves on the Thames. About thirty years ago these dark arches had a bad name, on account of the desperate characters who congregated there and hid themselves in the innermost recesses, but now they are mostly enclosed and form extensive cellarage for wine merchants.

18 Adelphi Chapel, JAMES STREET, was built by a congregation of Particular Baptists about 1777, but the meeting-house was afterwards sold to the Calvinistic Baptists. It was occupied by an Independent congregation until its incorporation into the buildings occupied by Coutts's banking house, when the congregation removed to the Hackney Road and gave the old name to their new chapel. The windows show the use to which the house was originally put, and it is still called the chapel by Messrs. Coutts.

16 Adelphi Theatre, over against Adam Street, Adelphi, in the STRAND, originally called THE SANS PAREIL, was built by Mr. John Scott, a colour maker, and first opened November 27, 1806. The entertainments consisted of a mechanical and optical exhibition, with songs, recitations, and imitations; and the talents of Miss Scott, the daughter of the proprietor, gave a profitable turn to the undertaking. When Tom and Jerry, by Pierce Egan, appeared for the first time (November 26, 1821), Wrench as "Tom" and Reeve as "Jerry," the little Adelphi, as it was then called, became a favourite with the public. In July 1825 Daniel Terry and Frederick Henry Yates became the joint lessees and managers. Terry was backed by Sir Walter Scott and his friend Ballantyne the printer, but Scott in the sequel had to pay for both Ballantyne and himself to the amount of £1750. Terry retired in 1828, and Yates was joined by Charles Mathews (the elder), and gave here his series of inimitable "At Homes." Mr. Benjamin Webster succeeded Mr. Yates as manager; purchased the property; rebuilt the house on a somewhat larger scale (1858, Mr. Thomas H. Wyatt, architect), and both as actor and manager long maintained the high character of the establishment.

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Or in the Adelphi sitting, half in rapture, half in tears,
Saw the glorious melodrama conjure up the shades of years.
Bon Gaultier's Ballads.

The Strand front was widened and entirely altered in 1887-1888.
Adjutant General's Office, WAR OFFICE, PALL MALL. [See
Horse Guards.]

18 Admiralty (The), at WHITEHALL, occupies the site of Wallingford House, whither, in the reign of William III., the business of the Admiralty was removed from Duke Street, Westminster. The front, towards the street, of brick and stone, a centre with a tetrastyle Ionic portico and projecting wings, was built in the reign of George I. (1722-1726). The estimated cost was £22,400, the architect Thomas Ripley, the designer of Houghton Hall in Norfolk, the "Ripley with a rule" commemorated by Pope:

See under Ripley rise a new Whitehall,
While Jones's and Boyle's united labours fall.

The Dunciad, B. iii. "The Admiralty," says Horace Walpole, the son of the owner of Houghton Hall, "is a most ugly edifice, and deservedly veiled by Mr. [Robert] Adam's handsome screen," ,"1 built about 1760. In the room to the left (as you enter from the Hall) the body of Lord Nelson lay in state. There is a characteristic portrait of Lord Nelson, painted at Palermo, in 1799, for Sir William Hamilton, by Leonardo Guzzardi ; he wears the diamond plume given to him by the Sultan.

The Admiralty Board consists of a First Lord,-who is now usually a member of the Cabinet, is responsible for the conduct of the department, answers for it in Parliament, and, if a member of the House of Commons, moves the estimates for it,-four Naval Lords, a Civil Lord, and a Parliamentary and permanent Secretary. The superior permanent officers are a Comptroller of the Navy, Director of Victualling, Director of Works, Director of Transports, Hydrographer, Accountant General, and Medical Director General. The office of Lord High Admiral, since the Revolution of 1688, has, with three exceptions, been held in commission. The exceptions are, Prince George of Denmark, the husband of Queen Anne, 1702-1708; Thomas, Earl of Pembroke, for a short time in 1709; and the Duke of Clarence, afterwards King William IV., in 1827-1828. Among the First Lords Commissioners we may find the names of Anson, Hawke, Howe, Keppel, and St. Vincent.

Adjoining to, and communicating with the Admiralty, is a spacious house for the residence of the First Lord, designed about 1796 by Mr. S. P. Cockerell, architect. The salary of the First Lord is £4500 a year, and he has the entire patronage of the Navy. The civil department of the Admiralty has been removed from Somerset House to Spring Gardens.

1 Of the Admiralty, as built by Ripley, there is a view by Wale, in London and its Environs Described, 6 vols. 8vo, 1761; of the Board-room

as it appeared in the days of Nelson and Jervis, there is a good view in the Microcosm of London.

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