3. There are 4 fields, the 1st contains 12A. 2R. 38P.; the 2d, 4A. 1R. 26P.; the 3d, 85A. OR. 19P.; and the 4th, 57A. 1R. 2P.: how many acres in the four fields? Ans. 159A. 2R. 5P.

1. Add 467b. 9oz. 15pwt. 16gr., 87lb. 10oz. 6pwt. 14gr., 100b. 10oz. 10pwt. 10gr., and 56lb. 3pwt. 6gr. together. Ans. 291lb. 6oz. 15pwl. 22gr.

2. What is the weight of forty-six pounds, eight ounces, thirteen pennyweights, fourteen grains; ninety-seven pounds, three ounces; and one hundred pounds, five ounces, ten pennyweights, and thirteen grains?

3. Add the following together: 297. 16cwt. 1qr. 14b. 12oz. 9dr., 18cut. 3qr. 1lb., 50T. 3qr. 4oz., and 2T. 1qr. 14dr. Ans. 82T. 16cwt. Oqr. 16lb. 1oz. 7dr. 4. What is the weight of 397. 10cwt. 1qr. 271b. 15oz. 12dr., 17cwt. 6lb., 12cwt. 3qr., and 2qr. 8lb. 9dr.? 5. Add the following together: 19 93 73 17gr., and 3ft 63 53 19 18gr.

103 43 20 16gr.,

Ans. 24 33 13 20 11gr. 6. Add together 19yd. 2qr. 3na., 14yd. 2qr. Ina., 32yd. Ina., 2qr. 2na., and 57yd. 3qr. 2na.

7. What is the sum of the following: 64deg. 38mi. 4fur. 26rd. 15ft. 10in. 2bar., 49mi. 7fur. 38rd. 12ft. 9in. ibar., 6fur. 20rd., and 9mi. 3fur. 29rd. 9ft. 8in. ?

Ans. 65deg. 28mi. 6fur. 35rd. 5ft. 4in. 8. What is the sum of the following: 314A. 2R. 39P. 200 Sq. ft. 136 Sq. in.; 16A. 1R. 20P. 10Sq. ft.; 3R. 36P.; and 4A. 1R. 16P.?

9. What is the solid content of 64ton 33ft. 800in., Iton 1200in., 25ft. 700in., and 95ton 31ft. 1500in.?

Ans. 170ton 11ft. 744in.

10. What is the area of the four following pieces of land; the first containing 20A. 3R. 15P. 250 Sq. ft. 116 Sq. in.; the second, 19A. 1R. 39P.; the third, 2R. 10P. 60Sq.ft.; and the fourth, 5A. 6P. 50Sq. in.?

Ans. 45A. 3R. 31P. 383 Sq. ft. 22Sq. in.

11. Add together, 49ton 19ft. 1666in., 19ton 10ft. 1001in., 16ton 36ft. 109in., and 4ton 17ft. 1727in. Ans. 90ton 4ft. 1047in.

12. Add together, 67tuns 2hhd. 60gal. 3qt. 1pt. 3gi., 19tuns 3hhd. 10gal. 2qt. 1gi., 47tuns 1hhd. 20gal. 1qt. 1pt. 1gi., 90tuns 2hhd. 10gal. 3qt. 2gi.

Ans. 225tuns Ihhd. 39gal. 2qt. 1pt. 3gi.

13. Add together, Itun 1pi. 116gal. 3qt., 1pi. 48gal., 5tuns 1pi. 86gal. 3qt., 102gal., and 4tuns.

Ans. 12tuns 1pi. 101gal. 2qt.

14. Add together, 49tuns 3hhd. 4gal. 3qt. 1pt. 2gi., 19tuns 2hhd. 37gal. 1qt., 1hhd. 51gal., and 74tuns 3hhd. 19gal. 2qt. 1pt. 2gi.

Ans. 144tuns 2hhd. 49gal. 3qt. 1pt. 15. Add together, 96bu. 3pk. 2qt. 1pt., 46bu. 3pk. 1qt. 1pt., 2pk. 1qt. 1pt., and 23bu. 3pk. 4qt. 1pt.

Ans. 168bu. 2qt.

16. What is the sum of the following: 49yr. 320da. 14hr. 49m. 37sec., 360da. 19hr. 8m. 45sec., 76yr. 200da., 16yr. 150da. 20hr. 54m. 45sec.?

17. What length of time is there in 24yr. 67da. 19hr. 43m. 34sec., 300da. 10hr., 290da. 50m., and 86yr. 320da. 51m.? Ans. 112yr. 247da. 7hr. 24m. 34sec.

18. Add together the following: 9s. 20° 34' 37", 17° 36′ 44′′, 7s. 28° 39′ 14′′, 8s. 24° 38′ 55′′.

19. What is the sum of 5s. 20° 30′ 40′′, 7s. 54', 8s. 9o 45", and 29° 16′ 54′′? Ans. 21s. 29° 42′ 19′′.

20. What quantity of paper is there in 76 reams 19 quires 23 sheets; 16 reams 8 quires 13 sheets; 4 reams; and 90 reams 11 quires 8 sheets?

Ans. 187 reams 19 quires 20 sheets.

SUBTRACTION OF DENOMINATE NUMBERS.

1. John has 3s. 6d. and gives 1s. 4d. for a knife: how much has he left? Ans. 2s. 2d. 2. James has 4s. 8d. and gives 2s. 3d. for a bunch of quills: how much has he left?

Ans. 2s. 5d. 3. What is the difference between £27 16s. 8d. and £19 17s. 9d.?

In this example we cannot take 9d. from 8d.; we therefore add 12d. to the 8d., making 20d., and then say, 9 from 20, 11 remains. Set down the 11, and carry 1 to 17, making 18: then say, 18 from 36 leaves 18: set it down and carry 1 to 19, making 20: 20 from 27 leaves 7.

OPERATION.

£

27

S.

d.

20

12

16

8

9

19 17

7 18 11

The reason of this process is evident; for, adding equivalent numbers to the minuend and subtrahend does not alter the remainder.

96. Hence, for the subtraction of denominate numbers, we have the following

RULE.

1. Set down the less number under the greater, placing the same denominations directly under each other.

II. Begin with the lowest denomination, and if the number expressing that denomination be less than the number directly over it, make the subtraction as in simple numbers; but if it be greater, subtract it from the upper number încreased by so many units as make one unit of the next higher denomination, and then add one to the next higher denomination in the subtrahend, as in subtraction of simple numbers.

III. Do the same for all the denominations, and set down the several remainders, and they will form the true remainder.

96. How do you write down the numbers for subtraction? Where do you begin to subtract? When the number to be subtracted is less than the one above it, what do you do? When it is greater, what do you do?

PROOF.

97. Add the remainder to the subtrahend-their sum should be equal to the minuend.

1. From 38mo. 2wk. 3da. 7hr. 10m., take 10mo. 3wk. 2da. 10hr. 50m. Ans. 27mo. 3wk. 20hr. 20m. 2. From 176yr. 8mo. 3wk. 4da., take 91yr. 9mo. 2wk. 6da. Ans. 84yr. 11mo. 5da. 3. From 6tuns, take 3hhd. 15gal. 3qt. Ans.

4. From £3, take 3s.

5. From 276., take 20gr. Troy.

Ans. £2 17s.

Ans. 1lb. 11oz. 19pwt. 4gr.
Ans.

6. From 8tb, take 1b 13 23 20.

7. From 9T., take 1T. 1cwt. 2qr. 20lb. 15oz. 14dr. Ans. 7T. 18cwt. 1gr. 47b. Ooz. 2dr.

8. From 3 miles, take 3fur. 19rd.

Ans. 2mi. 4fur. 21rd.

97. How do you prove subtraction?