9. The revolution commenced April 19, 1775, and a general peace took place January 20, 1783: how long did the war continue? Ans. Tyr. 9mo. 1da.

10. America was discovered by Columbus, October 11, 1492: what was the length of time to July 25, 1838 ? 11. I purchased 167b. 8oz. 16pwt. 10gr. of silver, and sold 9876. 10oz. 12pwt. 19gr.: how much had I left? Ans. 68lb. 10oz. 3pwt. 15gr.

12. I bought 19T. 11cwt. 1qr. 27/b. 12oz. 12dr. of old iron, and disposed of 17T. 13cwt. 2qr. 197b. 14oz. 10dr.: what had I left? Ans.

13. I purchased 101b 113 73 29 19gr. of medicine, and sold 17 23 33 19 5gr.: how much remained unsold? Ans. 84 93 43 10 14gr. 14. Take 34 93 43 20 from 93mb 103 53 10 19gr. 15. From 46yd, 1qr. 3na., take 42yd. 3qr. Ina. Qin. Ans. 3yd. 2qr. Ina. Lin. 16. It is about 25000 miles round the globe; if a man shall have travelled 43 miles 17 rods 9 inches, what distance will remain ?

Ans.

17. Bought 7 cords of wood, and 2 cords 78 feet having Deen stolen, how much remains? Ans 4C. 50ft. 18. I had 15 yards of cloth: having sold 3yd. 2qr. Ina., what remains?

Ans.

19. Bought a hogshead of wine, and by an accident 8gal. 3qt. 1pt. leaked out: what remains?

Ans. 54gal. 1pt. 20. I have 73A. of land; if I should sell 5A. 3R. 1P., how much should I have left?

has paid him 3s. 6d.?

Ans.

21. A owes B £100: what will remain due after he Ans. £99 16s. 5d. 22. A farmer raised 136 bushels of wheat; if he sells 49bu. 2pk. 7qt. 1pt., how much will he have left?

23. From 174hhd. 10gal. 1ql. 1pt. of beer, take 86hhd. 17gal. 2qt. 1pt. Ans. 87hhd. 46gal. 3qt. 24. A farmer had 576bu. 1pk. 2qt. of wheat; he sold 139bu. 2pk. 3qt. 1pt.: how much remained unsold? 25. A merchant bought 17cwt. 2qr. 147b. of sugar, of which he sold at one time 3cwt. 2qr. 20lb.; at another 6cwt. 1qr. 5lb.: how much remained unsold?

26. There are two men, the oldest is 81yr. 6mo. 3wk. 1da. 21hr. 16sec.; the youngest 29yr. 10mo. 2wk. 4da. 16hr. 38m. 45sec.: what is the difference of their ages?

27. What is the difference of time between 31yr. 10mo. 2wk. 4da. Thr. 24m. 49sec., and 10yr. 10mo. 2wk. 2da. Thr. 59m. 14sec.? Ans. 51yr. 1da. 23hr. 25m. 35sec.

28. A merchant had six debtors, who together owed him £2917 10s. 6d. ; five of them owed him £1675 13s. 9d.: what did the sixth owe?

Ans.

29. Bought 12cwt. 3qr. 27lb. of pork, and sold at one time 4cwt. 267b.; at another 3cwt. 3qr.; at another 2cwt. 1lb. what remained on hand ? Ans. 3cwt.

30. Bought a hogshead of molasses, and sold at one time 10gal. 3qt. 1pt. 2gi.; at another 12gal. 3qt. 1pt. 3gi.; at another 15gal. 3qt. 1pt. 2gi.: how much remains unsold?

Ans.

31. Bought a piece of cloth containing 145yd. 3qr., and sold 95yd. 2qr. 3na.: how much remained?

Ans. 50yd. Ina. 32. A merchant has £375 10s.: if he takes £122 11s. 3d. to pay for goods, how much will he have left?

33. A merchant bought 375T. 15cwt. 3qr. 197b. 7oz. 12dr. of sugar, and sold 205T. 17cwt. 1qr. 27lb. 9oz. 15dr.: how much remained on hand?

Ans. 169T. 18cwt. 1qr. 167b. 13oz. 13dr.

APPLICATIONS IN ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION.

1. Sold a merchant one quarter of beef for £2 7s. 9d.; one cheese for 9s. 7d.; 20 bushels of corn for £4 10s. 11d.; and 40 bushels of wheat for £19 12s. 8d.: how much did the whole come to? Ans. £27 Os. 11d.

2. Bought of a silversmith a teapot, weighing 37b. 4oz. 9pwt. 21gr.; one dozen of silver spoons, weighing 2lb. loz. 1pwt.; 2 dishes weighing 16/b. 10oz. 15pwt. 16gr.: how much did the whole weigh?

Ans. 22lb. 4oz. 6pwt. 13gr.

3. Bought one hogshead of sugar, weighing 9cwt. 2qr. 277b. 14oz.; one barrel weighing 3cwt. 27lb., and a second barrel weighing 2cwt. 3qr. 26lb. 4oz.: how much did the whole weigh? Ans.

4. A merchant buys two hogsheads of sugar, one weighing 8cwt. 3qr. 217b., the other, 9cwt. 2qr. 6lb.; he sells two barrels, one weighing 3cwt. 1qr. 127b. 14oz., the other, 2cwt. 3qr. 15lb. 6oz.: how much remains on hand? Ans. 12cwt. 23lb. 12oz.

5. A man sets out upon a journey and has 200 miles to travel; the first day he travels 9 leagues 2 miles 7 furlongs 30 rods; the second day 12 leagues 1 mile 1 furlong; the third day 14 leagues; the fourth day 15 leagues 2 miles 5 furlongs 35 rods: how far had he then to travel? Ans. 14L. 1mi. 1fur. 15rd. 6. A farmer has two meadows, one containing 9A. 3R. 37P., the other contains 10A. 2R. 25P.; also three pastures, the first containing 12A. 1R. 1P., the second containing 13A. 3R., and the third 6A. 1R. 39P.: by how many acres does the pasture exceed the meadow land?

Ans.

7. Supposing the Declaration of Independence to have been published at precisely 12 o'clock on the 4th of July, 1776, how much time elapsed to the 1st of January, 1833, at 25 minutes past 3. P. M.?

Ans. 56yr. 181da. 3hr. 25m. 8. A farmer has three granaries, one for wheat, one for rye, and one for corn: he fills them all. His wheat granary contains 657bu. 3pk. 6qt.; the corn granary 257bu. 1pk. 1qt.; the rye granary 459bu. 2pk. 7qt.: how much grain had he in all, and how much more wheat than rye? In all 1374bu. 3pk. 6qt. Wheat more than rye 198bu. 7qt. 9. A father was born on the 8th of December, 1759, his first son on the 4th of June, 1795: what was the dif ference of their ages? Ans. 35yr. 5mo. 27da.

Ans.

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10. A merchant has a bill to pay of £600. He has £250 19s. 8d. in cash, a good note against A for £75 10s. 6d., and a note against B for £37 11s. 9d: how much money does he want to make the payment?

MULTIPLICATION OF DENOMINATE NUMBERS.

1. Charles pays 6d. for a pencil: how much will buy two pencils? How much will buy 3 pencils? 4 pencils? 5 pencils? 6 pencils?

2. James puts 1 quart and 1 pint into a measure: how much could he put in a measure of twice the size? In a measure of three times the size? 4 times the size? 5 times the size? 6 times the size?

3. What is the product of 2s. 4d. multiplied by 2? by 3? by 4? by 5? by 6? by 7? by 8? by 9?

4. What is the product of lyd. 1qr. multiplied by 2? by 3? by 4? by 5? by 6? by 7? by 8? by 9?

EXAMPLE ILLUSTRATING PRINCIPLES.

OPERATION. £ S. d. 3 9 10

Let it be required to multiply £3 9s. 10d. by 4? In this example we say, 4 times 10d. are 40d., equal to 3s. and 4d. Set down the 4d. in the lower line. Then 4 times 9s. are 36s., and 3s. to carry make 39s., equal to £1 and 19s. over: set down the 19s. Then 4 times £3 are £12, and £1 to carry make £13.

4

£12 36s. 40d. £13 19s. 4d.

We may conclude from the example that, to multiply a denominate number by a simple one, is to take the denominate number as many times as there are units in the multiplier.

CASE I.

98. When the simple number does not exceed 12.

RULE.

I. Write down the denominate number and set the mul tiplier under the lowest denomination.

98. What is required when you multiply a denominate number by a simple one? When the simple number does not exceed 12, how do you write it down? How do you begin to multiply? How do you carry?

II. Multiply the lowest denomination by the multiplier, and divide the product by so many units as make one of the next higher denomination, and set down the remainder as in addition.

III. Multiply the next higher denomination by the multiplier, and add the quotient to be carried from the last product; then reduce the sum to units of the next higher denomination, and proceed in the same way for all the denominations, setting down the entire product when you come to the last.

3. Multiply 9s. 6d. by 3.

Ans. £1 8s. 6d. 4. What will 12 gallons of brandy cost at 9s. 6d. per gallon?

Ans. £5 14s.

5. What will 9cwt. of butter cost at £1 11s. 5d. per cwt.? Ans. £14 2s. 9d.

1. What is the cost of 4 yards of cloth at £1 3s. 6d. per yard?

2. What will be the cost of 9 hats, at 9s. 9d. each?

Ans. £4 7s. 9d.

3. A farmer has 11 bags of corn, each containing 2bu. 1pk. 3qt.: how much corn in all the bags? Ans. 25bu. 3pk. 1qt. 4. What is the cost of 12 bushels of wheat at 9s. 6d. per bushel?

Ans.