2. A put in trade £50 for 4 months, and B £60 for 5 months: they gained £24: how is it to be divided between them? Ans. SA's share, £9 12s. B's 66 £14 8s.

3. C and D hold a pasture together, for which they pay £54: C pastures 23 horses for 27 days, and D 21 horses for 39 days: how much of the rent ought each one to pay? Ans. C £23 5s. 9d. D £30 14s. 3d. 4. Four traders form a company: A puts in $400 for 5 months; B $600 for 7 months; C $960 for 8 months; D $1200 for 9 months. In the course of trade they lost $750: how much falls to the share of each? Ans.

CUSTOM HOUSE BUSINESS.

243. Persons who bring goods or merchandise into the United States, from foreign countries, are required to land them at particular places or ports, called Ports of Entry, and to pay a certain amount on their value, called a Duty. This duty is imposed by the General Government, and must be the same on the same articles of merchandise, in every part of the United States.

Besides the duties on merchandise, vessels employed in commerce are required, by law, to pay certain sums for the privilege of entering the ports. These sums are large or small, in proportion to the size or tonnage of vessels. The moneys arising from duties and tonnage, are called revenues.

244. The revenues of the country are under the gen eral direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, and to secure their faithful collection, the government has appointed various officers at each port of entry or place where goods may be landed.

243. What is a port of entry? What is a duty? By whom are duties imposed? What charges are vessels required to pay? What are the moneys arising from duties and tonnage called?

244. Under whose direction are the revenues of the country?

245. The office established by the government at any port of entry, is called a Custom House, and the officers attached to it are called Custom House Officers.

246. All duties levied by law on goods imported into the United States, are collected at the various custom houses, and are of two kinds, Specific and Ad valorem.

A specific duty is a certain sum on a particular kind of goods named; as so much per square yard on cotton or woollen cloths, so much per ton weight on iron, or so much per gallon on molasses.

An ad valorem duty is such a per cent on the actual cost of the goods in the country from which they are imported. Thus, an ad valorem duty of 15 per cent on English cloths, is a duty of 15 per cent on the cost of cloths imported from England.

247. The laws of Congress provide, that the cargoes of all vessels freighted with foreign goods or merchandise, shall be weighed or gauged by the custom house officers at the port to which they are consigned. As duties are only to be paid on the articles, and not on the boxes, casks, and bags which contain them, certain deductions are made from the weights and measures, called Allow

ances.

Gross Weight is the whole weight of the goods, together with that of the hogshead, barrel, box, bag, &c., which contains them.

Draft is an allowance from the gross weight on account of waste, where there is not actual tare.

245. What is a custom house? What are the officers attached to it called?

246. Where are the duties collected? How many kinds are there, and what are they called? What is a specific duty? An ad valorem duty?

247. What do the laws of Congress direct in relation to foreign goods? Why are deductions made from their weight? What are these deductions called? What is gross weight? What is draft? What is the greatest draft allowed? What is tare? What are the different kinds of tare? What allowances are made on liquors?

consequently, 97b. is the greatest draft allowed.

Tare is an allowance made for the weight of the boxes, barrels, or bags containing the commodity, and is of three kinds. 1st. Legal tare, or such as is established by law; 2d. Customary tare, or such as is established by the custom among merchants; and 3d. Actual tare, or such as is found by removing the goods and actually weighing the boxes or casks in which they are contained.

On liquors in casks, customary tare is sometimes allowed on the supposition that the cask is not full, or what is called its actual wants; and then an allowance of 5 per cent for leakage.

A tare of 10 per cent is allowed on porter, ale, and beer, in bottles, on account of breakage, and 5 per cent on all other liquors in bottles. At the custom house, bottles of the common size are estimated to contain 23 gallons the dozen. For tables of Tare and Duty, see Ogden on the Tariff of 1842.

EXAMPLES.

1. What will be the duty on 125 cartons of ribbons, each containing 48 pieces, and each piece weighing 3oz. net, and paying a duty of $2,50 per lb. ?

Ans. $2812,5. 2. What will be the duty on 225 bags of coffee, each weighing gross 1607b., invoiced at 6 cents per lb. ; 2 per cent being the legal rate of tare, and 20 per cent the duty? Ans. $418,068.

3. What duty must be paid on 275 dozen bottles of claret, estimated to contain 23 gallons per dozen, 5 per cent being allowed for breakage, and the duty being 35 cents per gallon? Ans. $351,45+.

4. A merchant imports 175 cases of indigo, each case weighing 19676. gross: 15 per cent is the customary rate of tare, and the duty 5 cents per lb. What duty must he pay on the whole? Ans. $1442,875.

5. What is the tare and duty on 75 casks of Epsom salts, each weighing gross 2cwt. 2qr. 277b., and invoiced at 13 cents per lb., the customary tare being 11 per cent, and the rate of duty 20 per cent?

Ans.

FORMS RELATING TO BUSINESS IN GENERAL.

FORMS OF ORDERS.

MESSRS. M. JAMES & Co,

Please pay John Thompson, or order, five hundred dollars, and place the same to my account, for value received. PETER WORTHY.

Wilmington, N. C., June 1, 1846.

MR. JOSEPH RICH,

Please pay, for value received, the bearer, sixtyone dollars and twenty cents, in goods from your store, and charge the same to the account of your

Obedient Servant,

JOHN PARSONS.

Savannah, Ga., July 1, 1846.

FORMS OF RECEIPTS.

Receipt for Money on Account.

Received, Natchez, June 2d, 1845, of John Ward, sixty

dollars on account.

$60,00

JOHN P. FAY.

Receipt for Money on a Note.

Received, Nashville, June 5, 1846, of Leonard Walsh, six hundred and forty dollars, on his note for one thousand dollars, dated New York, January 1, 1845.

$640,00

J. N. WEEKS.

A BOND FOR ONE PERSON, WITH A CONDITION.

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, THAT, I James Wilson of the City of Hartford and State of Connecticut, am held and firmly bound unto John Pickens of the Town of Waterbury, County of New Haven and State of Connecticut, in the sum of Eighty dollars lawful money of the United States of America, to be paid to the said John Pickens, his executors, administrators, or assigns: for which payment well and truly to be made I bind myself, my heirs, executors, and administrators, firmly by these presents. Sealed with my Seal. Dated the Ninth day of March one thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight.

THE CONDITION of the above obligation is such, that if the above bounden James Wilson, his heirs, executors, or administrators, shall well and truly pay or cause to be paid, unto the above-named John Pickens, his executors, administrators, or assigns, the just and full sum of

[Here insert the condition.]

then the above obligation to be void, otherwise to remain in full force and virtue.

Sealed and delivered in

the presence of

John Frost,

Joseph Wiggins, S

James Wilson. L.S.

NOTE. The part in Italic to be filled up according to cir

cumstance.

If there is no condition to the bond, then all to be omitted after and including the words "THE CONDITION, &c."

A BOND FOR TWO PERSONS, WITH A CONDITION. KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, THAT, WE James Wilson and Thomas Ash of the City of Hartford and State of Connecticut, are held and firmly bound unto John Pickens of the Town of Waterbury, County of New Haven and State of Connecticut, in the sum of Eighty dollars lawful money of the United States of America, to be paid to the said John Pickens, his executors or assigns: for which payment well and truly to be made We bind ourselves, our heirs, executors, and administrators, firmly by these presents. Sealed with our Seal. Dated the Ninth day of March one thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight.