Here it is but reasonable to conclude, that A, ought to gain more than B, notwithstanding their Stocks of Money are equal; because A employed his Money a longer Time than B. Now for folving of this Question, let us suppose A's 100l. employed the first three Months to gain Z= a Sum as yet unknown; then it must gain 2 Z in 6 Months; and to find what B, must gain, it will be, But A's Gain added to B's Gain must = 211. the whole Gain That is, 100 x 6 x 2 Z + 100 x 3 x 2 Z = 21 x 100 x 6. Which contracted is, 900 x 2 Z = 21 x 600. 21 x 600 Confequently, 2Z= which gives the following 900 Analogy, 900 : 21 :: 600: 2 Z = 141. for A's Gain. And 900:21::100×3=300: 71. for B's Gain. Now this way of arguing hath not only resolved the present Question, but it also affords (and demonstrates) a general Rule for refolving all Questions of this Nature, be the Partners never so many. Rule. Multiply every particular Man's Stock, with the Time it is employed, then it will be, As the Sum of all those Products Is to the whole Gain (or Loss), So is every one of those Products to it's proportional Part of that whole Gain (or Loss). Question 2. Three Merchants A, B, and C, enter into Partnership, thus; A puts into the Stock 651. for 8 Months; B puts in 781. for 12 Months; and C puts in 84 1. for 6 Months. With these they traffick, and gain 1661. 125. It is required to find. each Man's Share of the Gain, proportionable to the Stock and Time of employing it. The Sum of those Products is, 1960 Then, according to the Rule, the several Proportions will ftand thus, 520 : 44,20=441. 936 : 79,56 = 79 1. 504 : 42,84 = 42 l. The whole Gain = 1661. 4 s. od. 115. 2 d. 16 s. 9 d. 125. Od. Or you may work as in some of the former Examples, viz. by finding the proportional Part of the Gain due to one Pound, &c. Thus 1960: 166,6 :: 1 : 0,085 the common Multiplier. Then 520 936 504 } ={ × 0,085 = 44,2 A 79,56 for B &c. s before. 42,84 Question 3. Six Merchants, viz. A, B, C, D, E, and F, enter into Partnership, and compose a Joint-Stock in this manner; 1. 64 4 78 15 6 Viz. puts in for 80 -1-1-10 They traffick, and gain 2581.18 s. 42d. It is required to find every Man's Share of the Gain, according to the Stock and Time it was employed. The several Stocks of Money, and their respective Times being first brought into Decimals, and then multiplied together, will produce these following Products. Then if you work by the common Way; it will be 4142,7: 258,91875 :: 290,25: 18,140625181.25.94d. for A's Part of the Gain; and so on for the rest. But if you work by the easiest Way, viz. by finding the proportional Part of the Gain due to one Pound. The whole Gain = 258.18.04 These few Examples being well understood, are sufficient to thew the whole Business of Fellowship, &c. Sect. 3. Of Bartering. WHEN Merchants, or Tradesmen, exchange one Commodity for another, it is called Bartering; and the only Difficulty in this Way of dealing, lies in duly proportioning the Commodities to be exchanged, so as that neither Party may sustain Loss. Question 1. Two Merchants, A, and B, Barter; A would exchange 5 C. 3 qrs. 14 pound of Pepper, which is worth 31. 105. per C. with B for Cotton, worth 10 d. per pound Weight; how much Cotton must B give to A for his Pepper? Note, In order to the resolving of this Question (and all other Questions of this Nature) you must first find, by the Rule of Three (or otherwise) the true Value of that Commodity whose Quantity is given (which in this Question is Pepper). And then find how much of the other Commodity will amount to that Sum, at the Rate proposed. First 5 C. 3 qrs. 14 lb. = 5,875 And 31. 105. od. = 3,500 }in Decimals. The 1: 3,5 :: 5,875 : 20,625 = 20 1. 115. 3 d. the true Value of the Pepper. Next it is easy to conceive, that A ought to have as much Cotton at 10 d. per Pound, as will amount to 201. 115. 3 d. which may be thus found; 10d.: 1 lb.:: 201. 11 s. 3 d. = 4235 d.: 493,5 lb. That That is, 4 C. I qr. 17 pound of Cotton. And so much B must give to A in exchange for his 5 C. 3 qrs. 14 pound of Pepper. Question 2. Two Merchants A and B barter thus; A hath 86 Yards of Broad Cloth worth 9 s. 2 d. per Yard ready Money : but in Barter he will have II s. per Yard. B hath Shalloon worth 2 s. 1 d. per Yard ready Money; it is required to find how many Yards of the Shalloon B must give to A for his Cloth, to make his Gain in the Barter equal to that of A's. The Method of resolving this, and the like Questions, differs a little from the last Cafe; for in this you must first find what Advance B ought to make per Yard upon his Shalloon, in proportion to what A hath done upon a Yard of his Cloth. Thus Ss. d. {;. 9. 2 = 110:11 = 132 :: 2.1 = 25: the advanced Price for a Yard of B's Shalloon. as before in the last Example. s. d. d. Thus I Yard: IIS.:: 86 Yards: 946 5. = 471. 6 s. the advanced Value of all the Cloth. Next, If 2 s. 6d. will buy one Yard of Shalloon, at it's advanced Price, how many Yards will 471. 6s. buy. Thus 2,5:1 :: 946: 378,4 Yards. That is, B must give 378 Yards of his Shalloon to A, for his 86 Yards of Broad Cloth. These two Examples are sufficient to shew the Learner, that the Method of bartering, or exchanging Commodities for Commodities, wholly depends upon a clear Understanding of the Golden Rule; which indeed is so called, because of it's Universal Use. Sect. 4. Of Exchanging Coins. FXchanging the Coins of one Country for those of another, is like the business of bartering Commodities. That is, it confifts in finding what Sum of one Country Coin will be equal in Value to any proposed Sum of another Country Coin. And, in order to perform that, it will be very necessary to have a true Account at all times of the just Value of those Foreign Coins which are to be exchanged, as they are compared in Value with our English Coin. I fay, at all times, because the Par of Exchange (as the Merchants call it) differs almost every Day from London to other Countries. That is, it rises and falls, according as Money is plenty or scarce; or according to the Time allowed for Payment of the Money in Exchange, &c. P Thofe Those that defire to be fully fatisfied in the common Values of Foreign Coins, Weights, Measures, &c. may find them in a Book called the Merchants Map of Commerce, which for Brevity fake I have omitted transcribing, and only collected these few of Coin. Note, The English generally reckon their Exchange with other Countries by Pence, viz. other Countries value their Crowns, Dollars, or Ducats, &c. by English Pence. Except with some Parts of the Low Countries, with whom the Exchange is in Pounds Sterling. Quest. I. How many Dollars at 4 s. 6 d. per Dollar, may one have for 1621. 185. Answer 724 Dollars. Thus |