Here it is but reasonable to conclude, that A, ought to gain more than B, notwithstanding their Stocks of Money are equal; because A employed his Money a longer Time than B. Now for folving of this Queftion, let us fuppofe A's 100 l. employed the first three Months to gain Z= a Sum as yet unknown; then it must gain 2 Z in 6 Months; and to find what B, muft gain, it will be, But A's Gain added to B's Gain muft = 21. the whole Gain by the Question. That is, 100 x 6 × 2 Z + !00 × 3 × 2 Z = 21 x 100 x 6. Confequently, 2 Z= Analogy, Viz. 900: 21: 600: 2 Z = 14 1. for A's Gain. Now this way of arguing hath not only refolved the prefent Queftion, but it alfo affords (and demonftrates) a general Rule for refolving all Queftions of this Nature, be the Partners never fo many. Rule. Multiply every particular Man's Stock, with the Time it is employed, then it will be, As the Sum of all thofe Products Is to the whole Gain (or Lofs), So is every one of thofe Products to it's proportional Part of that whole Gain (or Loss). Question 2. Three Merchants A, B, and C, enter into Partnerfhip, thus; A puts into the Stock 651. for 8 Months; B puts in 781. for 12 Months; and C puts in 84 7. for 6 Months. With thefe they traffick, and gain 1661. 12 s. It is required to find each Man's Share of the Gain, proportionable to the Stock and Time of employing it. L. A's The Sum of thofe Products is, 1960 Then, according to the Rule, the several Proportions will and thus, 520 44,20441. 4 s. od. 1960: 166,6:: A. 936: 79,5679 l. 11 s. 2 d. for B. 504 42,84421. 16 s. 9 d. The whole Gain=1667, 12 s. o d. C. Or you may work as in fome of the former Examples, viz. by finding the proportional Part of the Gain due to one Pound, &c. Thus 1960: 166,6 :: 1: 0,085 the common Multiplier. Question 3. Six Merchants, viz. A, B, C, D, E, and F, enter into Partnership, and compofe a Joint-Stock in this manner; They traffick, and gain 2581. 18 s. 42 d. It is required to find every Man's Share of the Gain, according to the Stock and Time it was employed. The feveral Stocks of Money, and their respective Times being firft brought into Decimals, and then multiplied together, will produce thefe following Products. Then if you work by the common Way; it will be 4142,7 258,91875: 290,25 18,140625187. 2 s. 9‡d. for A's Part of the Gain; and fo on for the rest. But if you work by the eafieft Way, viz. by finding the proportional Part of the Gain due to one Pound. 44,293750 44.05. 101/2 E 880,25 F 55,015625=55.00.033 The whole Gain 258. 18.04 These few Examples being well understood, are fufficient to fhew the whole Bufinefs of Fellowship, &c. WHE Sect. 3. Of Bartering. THEN Merchants, or Tradefmen, exchange one Commodity for another, it is called Bartering; and the only Difficulty in this Way of dealing, lies in duly proportioning the Commodities to be exchanged, fo as that neither Party may fuftain Lofs. Question 1. Two Merchants, A, and B, Barter; A would exchange 5 C. 3 qrs. 14 pound of Pepper, which is worth 3 1. 10 s. per C. with B for Cotton, worth 10 d. per pound Weight; how much Cotton muft B give to A for his Pepper? Note, In order to the refolving of this Queflion (and all other Questions of this Nature) you must first find, by the Rule of Three (or otherwife) the true Value of that Commodity whofe Quantity is given (which in this Queftion is Pepper). And then find how much of the other Commodity will amount to that Sum, at the Rate propofed. Firft 5 C. 3 grs. 14 lb. = 5,875 in Decimals. And 3 1. 10 s. od. = 3,500 The 3,5 5,875: 20,625 Value of the Pepper. Next it is easy to conceive, that 20%. 115. 3 d. the true ought to have as much Cotton at 10 d. per Pound, as will amount to 201, 115-3 d which may be thus found; 10 d. : 1 lb. :: 20 l, 11 s. 3 d. ≈ 4235 d. : 493,5 lb. That That is, 4 C. 1 gr. 17 pound of Cotton. And fo much B muft give to A in exchange for his 5 C. 3 grs. 14 pound of Pepper. Question 2. Two Merchants A and B barter thus; A hath 86 Yards of Broad Cloth worth 9 s. 2 d. per Yard ready Money: but in Barter he will have 11 s. per Yard. B hath Shalloon worth 2 s. 1 d. per Yard ready Money; it is required to find how many Yards of the Shalloon B muft give to A for his Cloth, to make his Gain in the Barter equal to that of A's. The Method of refolving this, and the like Queftions, differs a little from the laft Cafe; for in this you muft first find what Advance B ought to make per Yard upon his Shalloon, in proportion to what A hath done upon a Yard of his Cloth. Thus d. d. S. d. s. d. d. s. d. d. 19.2=110:11 =132 :: 2.1 = 25 : 2. 6 = 30 the advanced Price for a Yard of B's Shalloon. Then proceed as before in the laft Example. : Thus I Yard II s. :: 86 Yards: 946 s. 47 l. 6 s. the advanced Value of all the Cloth. Next, If 2 s. 6d. will buy one Yard of Shalloon, at it's advanced Price, how many Yards will 47 1. 6s. buy. Thus 2, 5: 1 :: 946: 378,4 Yards. That is, B muft give 378 Yards of his Shalloon to A, for his 86 Yards of Broad Cloth. These two Examples are fufficient to fhew the Learner, that the Method of bartering, or exchanging Commodities for Commodities, wholly depends upon a clear Understanding of the Golden Rule; which indeed is fo called, because of it's Univerfal Ufe. Sect. 4. Of Exchanging Coins. EXchanging the Coins of one Country for thofe of another, is like the bufinefs of bartering Commodities. That is, it confifts in finding what Sum of one Country Coin will be equal in Value to any propofed Sum of another Country Coin. And, in order to perform that, it will be very neceffary to have a true Account at all times of the juft Value of thofe Foreign Coins which are to be exchanged, as they are compared in Value with our English Coin. I fay, at all times, becaufe the Par of Exchange (as the Merchants call it) differs almost every Day from London to other Countries. That is, it rifes and falls, according as Money is plenty or fcarce; or according to the Time allowed for Payment of the Money in Exchange, &c. P Thofe Those that defire to be fully satisfied in the common Values of Foreign Coins, Weights, Measures, &c. may find them in a Book called the Merchants Map of Commerce, which for Brevity fake I have omitted tranfcribing, and only collected thefe few of Coin. French Coin. English Coin. S. d. 0,8% 6 6 12 Deniers = 1 Soulz=0 12 Soulz 1 Livreo =I Crown Low-Country Coin. 6 Stivers O 1 Flemish Shillingo 20 Stivers 1 Gilder=0 10 Gilders = 333 Shillings or a Flemish Pound Embden Dollar o 2 . 3 4 Lyons Dollaro A Rixdollar of the Empire . 0.454 Note, The English generally reckon their Exchange with other Countries by Pence, viz. other Countries value their Crowns, Dollars, or Ducats, &c. by English Pence. Except with fome Parts of the Low Countries, with whom the Exchange is in Pounds Sterling. Quest. I. How many Dollars at 4 s. 6 d. per Dollar, may one have for 1627. 18s. Answer 724 Dollars. Thus |