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1881.]

8. FIRMNESS.

9. SELF-ESTEEM.

10. CONTINUITY.

THE PORTRAIT OF MRS. HAYES.

II. INHABITIVENESS.

12. PHILOPROGENITIVENESS.

13. AMATIVENESS.

QUALITY.

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There are some lecturers, not students of the Institute, whose intelligence, learning, and skill entitle them to general respect; but we have reason to believe that their number is very small. Such men win confidence wherever they go, and the people know them too well to

So MANY OUNCES OF BRAIN need any admonitions on their account.

ADAPTED.

THE STRENGTH OF THE NERVES.

PRICE ONE DOLLAR.

This, on its face, is a fraud, and can deceive only those who are uninstructed in the rudiments of physiological science and have never seen a standard treatise on Phrenology. A very brief handling by the Western editor soon drove this

As a rule, however, we would advise that when a traveling examiner claims to be connected with us, or to have been educated at the Phrenological Institute, he be required to show his authority or his diploma.

THE PORTRAIT OF MRS. HAYES.

cheat out of the community in which THE stand taken by Mrs. Hayes re

garding wine in the White House commanded our heartiest admiration, and we were disposed in the late canvass to advocate her possession of the executive mansion for a second term. But the vagarious ways of politics have otherwise determined. The question now rises, will Mrs. Garfield adopt the excellent policy so successfully carried into effect by her predecessor? We trust so; for such a noble and beautiful example in a matter involving most stupendous moral issues to a great people should not fail of practical imitation.

our friend's paper circulates, and it has very likely impaired the fellow's prospects of gain in a wide region of country. We wish it were understood far and wide that all those who claim to lecture under the auspices of Fowler & Wells, or the "New York Institution," or the Phrenological Institute, can show a certificate or diploma signed by the officers and instructors of the Institute and duly sealed. Of the two hundred and more who have attended the sessions of the Institute and received its diploma on their graduation, all have not gone into the field as lecturers and teachers in Phrenology, for many were settled in business or professions, and came to the Institute for the sake of its intellectual culture; but of those who have gone before the people in the character of phrenologists, scarcely one has been re-ed to its decorations an engraved copy ported to us as an unworthy disciple of Gall, Spurzheim, and Combe, and, as a whole, they have helped to elevate Phrenology in the esteem of the people and done honor to the Institute.

We are pleased with that portrait enterprise which the women undertook, for it shows their appreciation of Mrs. Hayes, and we trust that it will be so vigorously carried on that before long every American home will have add

of Mr. Huntington's presentment of the symmetrical and winning features of Lucy Hayes.

But a further effort suggested by this portrait affair is now entertained by the

Woman's National Christian Temperance Union. It is to found a grand memorial in the form of a permanent treasury, out of which temperance literature shall flow for the million, and to be known as "The Mrs. Hayes Fund." Among those just appointed to have control of this fund, are Neal Dow, Miss Wiliard, Gov. St. John, Mr. Joseph Cook, and Congressman Blair.

A

IGNORANCE OR PREJUDICE? CORRESPONDENT is much exercised over an article in a late Number of the Christian at Work on "Atheism in Colleges," because in it occurs the following assertions: "Physical facts are to be determined by patient investigation in the realm of the physical, just as Sir William Hamilton overthrew Phrenology, not by metaphysical speculation, but by showing that the brain does not conform to the convolutions of the cranium."

We can assure our anxious friend that the person who wrote this statement has simply avowed his ignorance, both of the facts in the celebrated Hamiltonian controversy, and of the nature of Phrenology, or he has given utterance to the prejudice which widely exists in educated but unscientific minds against Phrenology. If he will but take the trouble to read the voluminous correspondence between Sir William Hamilton, Dr. Spurzheim, and the brothers Combe, and the propositions which Hamilton laid down as the grounds of his attack, he will be astonished by the mistakes the Scottish metaphysician made with reference to anatomical science, and by the rancorous expressions which were prompted by his religious opinions.

to be told, it seems, that Sir William Hamilton "overthrew Phrenology" to so great an extent that most of the very facts of cerebral physiology which he repudiated, because they were advocated by phrenologists, are to-day recognized in anatomical and physiological sciences. We only ask him to read Spurzheim on the "Anatomy of the Brain," in an edition of forty-five or fifty years ago, and compare him with authors like Gray, Turner, and Dalton of to-day, and then, with the candor which is usually exhibited in the columns of the Christian at Work, express his opinion. We are confident it would relegate the assertion which we have quoted to one of the mental states posited in our title.

To Our Correspondents.

QUESTIONS OF "GENERAL INTEREST" ONLY will be answered in this department. But one question at a time, and that clearly stated, must be propounded, if a correspondent shall expect us to give him the benefit of an early consideration.

IF AN INQUIRY FAIL TO RECEIVE ATTENtion within two months, the correspondent should repeat it if not then published, the inquirer may conlude that an answer is withheld, for good reasons, by the editor.

WE CAN NOT UNDERTAKE TO RETURN UNavailable contributions unless the necessary postage is provided by the writers. IN ALL CASES, persons who communicate with us through the post-office should, if they expect a reply, inclose the return postage, or what is better, a prepaid envelope, with their full address. Anonymous letters will not be considered.

MARRIAGE ADAPTATION.-Would you advise two persons to marry who are intellectually, morally, and socially adapted; but both have the vital-mental temperament, and are also

fair?

Answer: The vital temperament is not an objection certainly, but the duplicature of the mental is not altogether favorable; and we are inclined to think that the other condition which you term fair, and which means light complexion, is not to be unfavorably interpreted. The best way to settle any doubt is by obtaining a phrenological description.

DISINFECTANT FOR CATARRH.—A. M. -If you mean a wash for the nose much care is necessary in what is employed, lest injury be done to the delicate tissues of the nasal pasThe Christian at Work writer needs sages. A very mild solution of carbolic acid

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may be used, or weak sulphur-water. Care must be taken in preparing these, for if too strong, injury may result.

ROCKING THE BABY.-C., Boston.-We are opposed to the practice of rocking babies for the reasons: (1). It is unnecessary; an infant properly treated will sleep better in a quiet bed. (2). It induces habits of restlessness in most children, so that they must be carried about, amused, and interested to keep them in a cheerful temper. (3). It is not infrequently a cause of disease to the brain or nervous system. A robust baby may stand the jolting and shocks, but a weak, big-brained child is likely to be harmed by the methods of the ordinary nurse in swinging a cradle.

Ques

AVERAGE MEASUREMENTS. tion: Will you please state in the PHRENOLOGICAL JOURNAL about what the average measurement is from the opening of the cars over the brow and over the top of the head of heads measuring 22, 224, and 23 inches, respectively. READER.

Answer: We do not claim to have an absolute proportion, for reasons stated in our last Number (see "Cabinet Colloquy," No. 11); but the average results of an extensive series of examinations may be tabulated thus: A head 22 inches in circumference to be in good proportion should measure between the ear openings and around the middle of the forehead 12 inches; while over the crown, say at the middle of Firmness, 13 inches. A 224-inch head should be 13 and 14 inches; a 23-inch head 13 and 14 to 14 inches.

DIET FOR BRAIN WORKERS.-L. R. W. -Brain workers need food which is abundant in phosphatic matter. Bread made from the whole wheat-grain, oatmeal, eggs, milk, fish, pease, beans, are well stored with such material. To reduce your flesh why not try the milk plan advised in the March Number? Or take but two meals a day.

MIND AND IMMORTALITY.-Question: What relation does mind sustain to matter? Is the brain the seat of the mind, and is the mind wholly dependent on the brain for its manifestations? If yes, then how can there be immortality, as we do not believe that mind and matter dwell together in the world beyond? If no, then where is the line of separation between body and soul, and how will mind act or find recognition?

Answer: The brain is simply the organ of the mind in our scheme of mentality, and the latter is only known through its phenomena. What its nature or essence is we have not been able yet to learn, and the more we study into that the more we become befogged. Why may not

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mind and matter, the spiritual and physical, be associated in the other world? We see no impossibility in that. "With God all things are possible." No one has been able to determine the line of separation between mind and body; they are so interblended in our life that absence of mind is loss of consciousness and action to the body. The question of immortality we must leave to your own further study and decision.

ORGAN OF CONTINUITY. - Question: Please to let me know if the organ sometimes known as Concentrativeness has received a new name within the last year or two which is commonly accepted by phrenologists as the proper one. Is there any objection to calling it Ambition ?-B. F. H.

Answer: The organ as described by Mr. George Combe, see "Brain and Mind" or the "System," is styled Concentrativeness or Continuity. Some late phrenologists think that the term Continuitiveness is better. As for calling it Ambition, you will find that by reading the description in the books of the action of Approbativeness and its neighboring organs, that the quality of Ambition grows out of them, Approbativeness furnishing the more important influence in the combination.

TYPE-WRITERS.-Two are used in this office, and have been for some years. They are of much service in expediting business which requires a great deal of writing; since an amanuensis, who is expert in fingering the keys, can write twice as many letters as he or she could in the old way. A tolerable degree of skill in using the type-writer may be obtained in three months. As for the wages paid to type-writers, that depends upon other qualifications as well as upon the mere ability to use the machine with speed. The best writers get $10 and upward. A first-class machine costs $125. We can supply them.

REDEMPTION OF MUTILATED NATIONAL BANK-NOTES.-A National Bank is required by Government to redeem its notes when presented, if in a mutilated or fragmentary condition; if less than three-fifths of a note are left, the person offering it for redemption must prove or give his affidavit that the missing parts are destroyed.

What They Say.

Communications are invited on any topic of interest; the writer's personal views, and facts from his experience bearing on our subjects, being preferred.

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liars; and that, too, without being alive to the fact. If they would take a retrospective glance over their lives from their first days of accountability, they would be overwhelmed by the extent of their lying. I think one's first recollection of a conscientious lie will take him back to the time when he was a child with the mumps, measles, or whooping-cough; or, may be, only a hard cold, when an anxious parent mixed up a filthy lot of drugs, or possibly castor-oil, and told him to be a good little darling and take the medicine, for it was "nice and sweet," and would make him feel so much better. Of course, he believed this, and took down the horrid mixture. Then how he cried and "took on," yet after all not half so sick about the medicine, as he was angry in thinking he had been deceived. Then his Caution came in for a little unnecessary excitement. He was told there were rats in the cellar, or a big dog at the door, or an old beggar was out there ready to carry him off, or some other equally contemptible lie would excite his fears and make him keep still. Then there were promises of candy, nuts, or a toy, or something that would please his childish fancy if he would be "good." But having tried hard not to cry, and gone to sleep, dreaming of candy and toys, mixed confusedly with rats, dogs, beggars, and medicine, he awoke only to disappointment in finding all those promises a delusion. When he became a little older he was probably told that he must not do certain things, viz: not to eat any of those green apples he thought were so nice, or not to go near the currantbushes or cherry-trees, if he did he would certainly get whipped. Of course, he went and came back after a while with his face and hands well stained, and was greeted with, "There what did I tell you about going near that fruit ?” And the boy, following the strongest impulse of his nature, namely, the imitation of his elders, replied: "I haven't been near the fruit." Then came a wrangle, and lies were exchanged on both sides; and finally he was sent from an angry parent's presence with some more lying threats, "that if he ever dared do such a thing again," etc. By this method his education continued until he became, we may say, the "boss liar" of the household. Finally his wrathful parents decided to redeem one promise; and they gave him a fearful thrashing. They taught him to lie, then whipped him for it.

I keep two stuffed birds in my gallery to redeem some of the lies of these conscientious liars. The children are generally told if they will sit right still and be nice, and have their picture taken, they will see a pretty bird fly right out of the man's box. Well, I can redeem such promises by producing the bird. But once in a while an extra nice liar comes in and the birds are nowhere. I remember some weeks ago a

minister came in with a bright little boy just old enough to notice things and understand what was said to him. The little fellow did not seem to have so much awe for the preacher as some older people do. Well, I prepared a plate and the preacher went to work to get that boy in position, was going to have him standing up, no other position would begin to do. The boy did not propose to stand. Then that preacher began to lie; told the boy to stay right there and the man would take a kitty right out of the box; but the boy did not have any use for cats just then. Then it was a rabbit, but the market was glutted; then the box was full of candy, and that changed to gum; then it was peanuts, then back to cats and rabbits; but it was of no use. Those lies were too old, had been told so much they were threadbare to that two-year-old boy. Perhaps we could have taken a picture if he had surprised the child with the truth. who wants a picture of a child with a frightened expression?

But

With many children brought up by these con-scientious liars, lying becomes a fixed habit and follows them through life, and they hardly realize what contemptible figures they cut. Take for example, a lady of fashion rigged out with her silks, satins, ruffles, gold, and diamonds; her wardrobe has the appearance of being worth a fortune; but what are the facts? The parts of the dress exposed may be composed of silk and satin, but the balance is sham; the gold is brass, and the diamonds paste. The idiotic fringe which is displayed on the forehead where reason ought to reign supreme, is not her own, but probably from the head of some poor girl who needed money more than hair. She starts out to make a fashionable call. Mrs. Bonton sees her coming, and says to her daughter: "I declare, Lucy, there comes that horrid Mrs. Hightone with all her gaudy, peacock airs. I wish she knew enough to stay at home. You don't know how I do detest her. But, sh-! here she comes. Why, how do you do, Mrs. Hightone (a warm clasp of the hand accompanies a kiss)? I am so glad to see you; why have you not called before? I really began to think you had forgotten us." Then Miss Lucy gives Mrs. H. a cordial greeting. Then they begin to swap lies. Mrs. Bonton says: "How nice and well you are looking, Mrs. Hightone; and how rosy your cheeks are! What a fine shawl you have; it is a genuine camel's hair, is it not? Now, dear Mrs. H., do tell me where you got it, and how much it cost." Mrs. H. replies: "Mr. H. was in the city a few days ago, and called at Field & Deiter's to get me something for a present; he happened to see this shawl, and as it was the only one of this quality and pattern they had, they let him have it at a bargain. Now, how much do you think it cost?" "Oh, really now, I could not guess,

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but he certainly did not get it for less than two hundred dollars; now, did he?" "Well, yes, a little; it was only one hundred and fifty." "You don't say; well, that certainly was a bargain."

After some choice bits of scandal have been detailed on both sides, Mrs. H. takes her leave, refusing several very earnest invitations to remain to tea, and at parting is reminded of her promise to call again soon and "make a good long visit."

When the front door has closed on the departed caller, mother and daughter drop their masks made up of pleasant smiles and gracious attentions, and Lucy is greeted with: "Well, now, isn't she the most deceitful, lying, contemptible old hag that ever you saw, with her false frizzes and painted cheeks, trying to appear young? I wonder if she thinks we are fools! Why, just see what a lie she told about that old shawl. There isn't a camel's hair in it, only an imitation that you can buy anywhere for thirty dollars. But it looks well anyway, and lots of folks don't know the difference. I wish I could afford to get us some."

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Why, Lucy, of course I had to be polite and treat her well; but I did not want her to stay any of the time."

Thus Lucy is being educated by example, and proves an apt scholar; for when John, her beau, calls she is smartly decked out, and has put on the mask she wears for company. And John has not smoked, chewed, or drank for half a day, and has perfumed his clothes and breath. He, too, has adjusted his mask, and calls dressed in the most exquisite torture. Now, sce them; could anything be more lovely! There are no frowns on either face; no slang is used. And what a pleasure it seems for each to please the other. What a splendid pair, and how nicely mated!

John and Lucy marry. All goes well for a brief honeymoon. They begin to get acquainted, and occasionally get a peep under each other's mask. After a while they remove them altogether, and only put them on when they go away from home, or some one else is present.

Now, look at them, soured by disappointment; no longer trying to please each other. John chews and smokes, drinks and swears, no matter if Lucy does know it. And Lucy is no longer tidy, but appears in ragged gown, disheveled hair, and sour temper. They are both querulous, impatient, and miserable in each other's company.

All the adulterations of everything in commerce; all political chicanery; all misrepresentations everywhere, are merely an outgrowth of this curse of all educational curses-deception.

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There is no excuse for it. If we can not te. the truth, let us keep still and not say anything. A habit commencing in infancy and strengthened by culture and example in childhood is hard to overcome. But when we see the effects of it everywhere, we ought so to teach the next generation the folly of deception that they, by a right education, may steer clear of the shoals on which their elders have drifted.

This picture is not overdrawn. We should cultivate charity for these conscientious liars; they are not so much to blame. The majority of them do not realize what liars they are. And yet the little "white lies" and common deceptions of every-day life are worse than the regular out-and-out falsehoods; because these acted lies are seeming truth, and pass for legal tender; while a big, intentional lie shows what it is on its face, and passes below par.

Moral: Never deceive the children. Make few promises, and keep them all. To a child's importuning, let your answers be, Yea, yea, and Nay, nay.

DE L. SACKETT.

RELIGION AND THE LITTLE FOLKS.There are few who see the necessity of wisdom or gentleness in dealing with the little ones, the impression is so general that one does not need to know much to teach children; and that to keep them warmly clothed, with enough to eat, and to send them to school, comprises all the duty of parents. Many consider them as blank pages to be written on at pleasure, making no allowance for ingrained virtue or fault, for peculiarities and diversities of temperament. Many zealously refrain from giving any religious bias or teaching whatever, believing that religion is one thing apart by itself, and the daily, hourly life another; and that when of proper age they "get religion," that's enough. Meanwhile, the little one has stored up thoughts, ways, and habits that are constantly warring, tempting, and conflicting with the spiritual life. It is easy to teach little children of Jesus. I do know whereof I speak, both as a teacher of children and as a mother. You can get the simple idea that God is so firmly in their minds, that no shock of infidelity can reach it; and their simple faith will often shame you, and you will think, verily," out of the mouth of babes and sucklings He hath perfected wisdom." As soon as they realize that they are, or their minds begin to inquire, and their busy hands to handle the wonderful things around them, they can even nuderstand that nothing comes by chance; that there is a loving Father in Heaven who doeth all things well. I have heard the idea of teaching children these things objected to on the ground, that we should not teach what we do not understand ourselves. Ah, poor human wisdom! What, then, can one teach? The wisest and

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