creation of new bureaus, or departments of public service, in which certain of their followers may be comfortably quartered as a reward for faithful adherence. In fact, this creation and bestowal of public patronage has become one of the most conspicuous features in American politics, and it is "the lion in the way" of Civil Service reform. If the producing classes can rise to the full appreciation of the need of solid and positive organization against the growth of the so-called "patronage " system, we may hope to destroy the machinery which has been so well devised by the corrupt and greedy demagogues of politics, but the first step is the choosing of upright and able men for public officers. THE REVISED NEW TESTAMENT. As the last Number of the PHRENO sentiment which will result from this wide-spread reading of Christian truth? Will it not have a strong influence in stemming the growth not only of infidelistic views, but of that light, flippant, superficial fashion of regarding the more serious interests of human life which has been a prominent characteristic of cultivated circles? The reasons for the new Revision have been discussed everywhere for many years, and we need not enumerate them here; and we doubt not that every intelligent, candid man and woman who has made use of the opportunity to read and compare the new with the old, must express his conviction that the world's good in its most essential respects has been promoted by this combined result of science, scholarship, faith, and industry acting in earnest and harmonious co-operation. THE INSTITUTE SESSION OF 1881. LOGICAL went to press a few days before the publication of that result of ten years' labor, the revised New Testa- THOSE who contemplate receiving in ment, we were unable to make a suitable comment upon it. But it is not too late to express our hearty approval of the work, and our conviction that it marks an era in civilization only second to that of the Reformation. In fact, this century is comparable with the era of the great Renaissance in literature, science, and religious thought, for its wonderful discoveries in science, its industrial progress and political and social advancement; and now, as then, the activity in science and letters reaches its grand climacteric in a new translation and distribution of the Bible. Within a month upward of four million copies of the revised Gospel have been sold in Europe and America. Who can estimate the impulse to religious thought and the elevation of moral struction in THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHRENOLOGY at its regular annual course, are reminded that the session. for 1881 will be opened on the first Tuesday of October, and continue about six weeks. The main object of the founding of this Institute was to create a ripe and wellinstructed profession of theoretical and practical phrenology, not alone to prepare men and women to teach and practice the science as a profession or life-work, but also to impart all that is known of the subject to those who are to preach the gospel, teach the schools, edit the papers, practice the healing art, enact the laws, or practice law as a profession, and last, but not least, to teach those who are to be parents the best conditions of parent To Our Correspondents. QUESTIONS OF GENERAL INTEREST" ONLY will be answered in this department. But one question at a time, and that clearly stated, must be propounded, if a correspondent shall expect us to give kim the benefit of an early consideration. IF AN INQUIRY FAIL TO RECEIVE ATTENtion within two months, the correspondent should repeat it; if not then published, the inquirer may conlude that an answer is withheld, for good reasons, by the editor. WE CAN NOT UNDERTAKE TO RETURN UNavailable contributions unless the necessary postage is provided by the writers. IN ALL CASES, persons who communicate with us through the post-office should, it they expect a reply, inclose the return postage, or what is better, a prepaid envelope, with their full address. Anonymous letters will not be considered. COLOR OF EYEBROWS.-Question: Will you please to inform me why the eyebrows of aged persons remain dark, while their hair and beard are light? Answer: This is generally the case, we know, and while we are not able to give a positive answer to the question, we think that the permanence of the color is due, in a great measure, to the fact that the eyebrows are not tampered with by cutting and dressing and what-not, as are the hair and beard. ATLANTIC CABLE.-Question: Please to inform me of the diameter and length of the Atlantic cable. 2,200 or 2,300. The diameter of these cables is a little over an inch. HIGH HEELS.-We have frequently taken pains to censure the wearing of shoes with high heels, yet a correspondent wishes us to express our opinion again respecting them. High heels are injurious for the reason that they throw the body generally out of balance, too much weight being forced upon the forward part, or ball of the foot, and the toes. The strain which results to the muscle of that part of the foot, affects more or less the whole muscular system. In some cases deformity is the result from the persistent wearing of the French shoe by ladies. We know two cases of severe neuralgic disorder which were traced to that practice. Nature de signed man to walk flat-footed; in other words, to wear feet-covering with a flat sole, or with little or no elevation to the heel. Parents should be careful to dress the children's feet with shoes having thick soles but no heels, so that their limbs shall grow symmetrical and straight. TEMPERAMENT AND INTELLECTUAL VIGOR.-Question: Which would have the most vigorous intellect of three persons, one having predominant Motive, another Vital, the other Mental, with same quantity of brain? G. W. Answer: If by vigorous intellect you mean active, executive energy, the one possessing the Motive in excess would take the lead. Consult the work on Temperaments" for a full underAnswer: There are now three Atlantic cables standing of their influence in the life and charac S. R. M. R. in operation, and a fourth is projected which will have a foreign terminus in Brazil. We can not give you the exact length of these cables, but would say, in a general way, that the English cable, from land to land, is upward of 1,700 miles in length, while the French is upward of ter of man. 66 of course, the incident which excites the physiological action leading to the temporary congestion of the fine blood vessels in the skin. The occurrence of this physiological action is dependent upon temperament and organization. One who possesses a good moral development, Conscientiousness and Cautiousness being large, with but moderate Self-esteem and Secretiveness, the temperament being strongly mental, will be sensitive to criticism and delicately appreciative of duty and obligation. All occasions which make his personality a subject of observa which are the result of unreasoning impulse, without thought of improvement, the methods which they follow being always the same. Reason furnishes a motive for action; is deliberate, considerate of circumstances and contingencies, and pursues its object with a regard at all times for the modifying influence of circumstances upon its methods; is progressive, elevating, perfective. Man possesses both instinct and reason, but the higher his development the more he exercises the latter product of his faculties. HEAD PERSPIRATION.-W. H. B.-The disposition to perspire about the head and face is constitutional, but may be controlled to some extent, by eating food in which the proportion of moisture is less than in that which it has been Drink less, and bathe the your habit to eat. tion, will awaken for a time diffidence or a vague sense of apprehension. The person who blushes so easily that it is a matter of real grievance to him, should cultivate a self-reliant disposition; should regard the world from its matter-of-fact side, encouraging the thought that he is entitled to other people's respect and honor for straight-head every morning in tepid water, wiping dry forwardness and honesty, and as a member of society has just as much right as others to think and act for himself without being criticised and annoyed. He should strive, also, to control his feelings, and cultivate the arts of silence and policy in his intercourse with others. BAD TASTE IN THE MOUTH.-A. W. S. -This is due to a disordered stomach in most cases. Of course, you are careful tɔ cleanse your teeth every day, so that it can not be due to decaying food-matter in the interstices of the teeth. Eat good, nutritious food, mainly of the farinaceous and vegetable sorts, and but two full meals a day. Perhaps it would be well for you to be sparing in your diet for a week, and thus allow your stomach to recover its vigor. ORGANIZATION OF THE PHYSICIAN.J. T. The prime requisite of the skillful physician is good diagnostic ability, or power to understand the nature of a malady. There are very few good doctors in society, because there are few good diagnosticians. Individuality is a faculty indispensable to capability in this respect, while the perceptive organs generally, with Comparison, Causality, Human Nature, Constructiveness, and a good physical constitution, are important elements. INSTINCT AND REASON. Question: What is the difference between instinct and reason? Answer: A great deal of ink and paper have been consumed in the endeavor to define the nature of these qualities, and the more we attempt to set forth their distinctions, the more obscure they are rendered. According to the lexicographers, Instinct is an inward impulse; a disposition to a mode of action without a distinct apprehension of the end or object which nature has designed should be accomplished thereby. This is shown in the acts of animals with a soft towel. What They Say. Communications are invited on any topic of interest; the writer's personal views, and facts from his experience bearing on our subjects, being preferred. EDITORS PHRENOLOGICAL JOURNAL:In the April Number of the JOURNAL, under the heading "Mind and Immortality," you say you can see no reason why the spiritual and physical should not be associated in the other world; that there is no impossibility about it, as God can do all things. Assuming that the mind can only act through the brain, to preserve our identity in the other world the same mind must act through the same brain, and in whatever way we may attempt to refine or spiritualize it, it must still be the same brain. Now, we would not if we could undertake to shorten the arm of God or rob Him of His power. We believe that He works by the use of fixed means. At the beginning all the laws or forces of this universe were put in motion which were necessary to its organization and working; and whatever God does, He does in conformity to these forces, else His plans were not first complete. I believe that when the body has gone to the dust, and the elements out of which it was formed have again mingled with the soil, that it becomes as though it never had been. I believe that God by miraculous power might form from matter a mature man, but I do not believe that there is any force in the universe that would discriminate and sift out the identical particles that would form a man such as had before lived. Besides, if the body could be restored and made an inhabitant of the other world, he would, in my opinion, be there, as here, a child of sorrow. We have no other light to guide us in our belief than the fact that 1881.] WHAT THEY SAY.—PERSONAL. as matter has only changed places in the universe, it must conform to the same laws. It is accepted that matter does not go to waste, yet individua ized matter is constantly changing, and that belonging to the animal structure needs constant replenishing, therefore its wants and the pain consequent upon violated law. The reader will have to guard himself against a refined belief that somehow this matter will be changed. It must be kept constantly in mind that if the mind can only act through the brain, it must be the same brain through which it has before acted, otherwise there could be no recognition. For your mind to live and act through some other brain is not to live at all. There can be no satisfaction in the belief that we shall live hereafter unless we can know ourselves. If, in the present life, the past were to be suddenly blotted out, we should have no means of kLowing ourselves; we could give no account of who we were or whence we came. We believe that in the future as in the present, our means of knowing ourselves will be by looking back over the path we have come. We can know others by acquaintance or history, but not by mere conscious ex istence. I am a believer in spiritual immortality, and think that some good reasons can be given for such a conviction. I think that man's mission here as a physical being can be accounted for, and that the fulfillment of that mission is accomplished in this life. Of course, I do not believe a subject so deep can ever be fully fathomed by finite minds, but we know that by diligent search things are brought to light that otherwise would always remain in mystery. G. C. WRIGHT. THE AMERICAN ANTI-TOBACCO PLEDGE.-A few months ago a little anti-tobacco pledge, called, as indicative of where it originated, or from lack of broader thought, "The Cambria Station Pledge," opened its white pages in Pennsylvania; now, having gained many adherents, and desiring general introduction to our countrymen, it assumes a more fitting title, and becomes "The American Anti-Tobacco Pledge." This simple and solemn pledge to refrain from the use of tobacco in any form, should be placed within the reach of every boy in our beautiful land. It is a national, not a sectional pledge—an aid to the development of physical and moral purity. The unclean and degrading influence of the use of tobacco is thoroughly known to our enlightened people. There are few educated men who are slaves to the weed who desire their sons to fall into like bondage, and yet the chains of habit bind generation after generation. Theory will not unloose them; it requires a co-operative, practical effort. | 55 Taking an abstract view of the undertaking, it may appear an impossibility to rid the air of America of tobacco film; individualizing the matter, it would be a comparatively slight task if every parent and teacher who believes with us would labor with us. There are bright buds of manhood all over our land; dear, loving, kindly, aspiring boys, who would be glad to join our anti-tobacco vau, and who would bless the little pledge in future years, when we meet in our American anti-tobacco conventions, and feel the strength of greater purity throughout the continent. The purity of a nation rests with its people, and the most insignificant of us wield an imperceptible but certain influence on those about us. We can not be neutral or nonentities; we may imagine ourselves such in a moral sense, but the reality is inpossible. We all leave some impress of ourselves to live after us, to shade or righten other lives. Each generation is but a reflex of the one passing or passed away. A bad neighborhood remains a bad neighborhood for centuries, if it is subject to no regenerative influence. A useless national habit can not be laid aside in a moment, but it may be buried as an unclean, outgrown, and worthless garment in a generation. Cognizant of these facts, shall we not ask our dear boys in every State, county, and hamlet, to sign the American anti-tobacco pledge; to band themselves into anti-tobacco, literary, and reformatory societies that will make a general and indelible impress of growing purity on themselves and ages yet to be? Grateful for the words of encouragement already received, and hoping for a full, broad response, in word and action, to the question which concerns us all, THE LATE ANDREW BOARDMAN. — Andrew Boardman, well known to the older phrenologists of America, for his able "Defence of Phrenology," and to the legal profession of New York, having been a member of the bar for over forty years, died in the early part of May last, at the age of seventy. He was born in Lancashire, England, but came to this country at the age of 19. He was educated for the practice of medicine. Industry and high integrity won for him a very respectable place in public esteem; but subsequently abandoned that profession for the law. He was often tendered judicial honors, but declined because he did not care to sacrifice his lucrative practice. He remained in active business to the last, and within a week of his death had been engaged in arduous labor on an important will case. He was a prominent member of the Bar Association of the city of New York. His first wife was a sister of Sir Edwin Chadwick, of England. She died some years ago, and about ten years ago he married a second time. Mr. Boardman never took any active part in politics, but was a devoted lover of his adopted country and city. During the war he visited England, and wrote several articles to English journals which were credited with doing much to place the cause of the North in a right view before the English people. He took great interest in the sanitary ideas of his brother-in-law, Sir Edwin Chadwick. It needs scarcely to be added that he was interested in Phrenology, as his editions of George Combe's "Lectures" in America, and the "Defence," are sufficient proof of its practical character. MR. JAMES MCNEILL, associate author of "Brain and Mind," has been contributing a serial to be entitled "The Adventures of an Antediluvian in the Land of Promise," to the Rural New-Yorker. The story is interesting, full of useful suggestions, and shows power of invention much above the average. WISDOM. "Think truly, and thy thought CHILDREN have wide ears and long tongues. PLAIN good intention is no mean force in the government of mankind. To select well among old things is almost equal to inventing new ones. SILENCE is just as far from being wisdom as the rattle of an empty wagon is from being music. A GENEROUS mind must be uneasy when it is laid under obligations which are beyond its power to return. FAITH is letting down our nets into the 'untransparent deeps at the divine command, not knowing what we shall take.-FABER. HAVE love! Not love alone for one, MIRTH. "A little nonsense now and then Is relished by the wisest men." "Is that cheese rich?" asked Bloggs. "Yes," answered the grocer. "There's millions in it." Ir was a four-year-older who asked: "Papa. have you done anything down town to-day that you think I ought to whip you for, if I was as big as you are?" DANIEL WEBSTER's remark that it is employ. ment that makes people happy, was a mistake. It is holding office which "just makes them too jolly for anything." แ "HI! where did you get them trousers?" asked an Irishman of a man who happered to be passing with a remarkably short pair of trousers. "I got them where they grew," was the indig. nant reply. Then, by my conscience," said Pat, "you've pulled them a year too soon!" "I DON'T like a cottage-built man," said young Sweeps to his rich old uncle, who was telling the story of his early trials for the hundredth time. "What do you mean by a cottage-built man?" asked his uncle. "A man with only one story," answered young Sweeps. That settled it. Young Sweeps was left out of his uncle's will. Library. In this department we give short reviews of such NEW BOOKS as publishers see fit to send us. In these reviews we seek to treat author and publisher satisfactorily and justly, and also to furnish our readers with such information as shall enable them to form an opinion of the desirability of any particular volume for personal use. It is our wish to notice the better class of books issuing from the press, and we invite publishers to favor us with their recent publications, especially those related in any way to mental and physiological science. We can usually supply any of those noticed. HISTORY OF WOMAN SUFFRAGE. Illustrated with Steel Engravings. Edited by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Matilda Joslyn Gage. Complete in two volumes octavo. Vol. I. pp. 878. Cloth. Price, $5. Sheep $6.50. Fowler & Wells, Publishers, New York. A natural outgrowth of the endeavor of woman to emerge from her old sphere of restriction and subjection, and stand by the side of man as his equal and co-worker in life an endeavor which has been one of the conspicuous features of modern civilization-was her claim to the ballot. For thirty years or more, a steady organized effort has been prosecuted with this one object in view, and the current literature of the period has recorded its progress as an essential part of movements" in society and politics, the latter |