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3. When the divisor is large, and not a composite number, you may divide by the whole divisor at once, after manner of long division, as follows, viz.

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34 pounds remaining.

Multiply by 20 and add in the 18s.

praluces 695 shillings, which divided by 47, gives [14s. in the quotient.

47

223

188

35 shillings remaining,

Multiply by 12 and add in the 3d.

produces 423 pence, which divided as above, gives

423

f. S. d.

[9d. in the quotient.

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EXAMPLES OF

WEIGHTS, MEASURES, &c.

1. Divide 14 cwt. 1 qr. 8 lb. of sugar equally among

& men.

E. gr. lb. oz. 8)14 1 8 0

1 3 4 8 Quotient.

8

14 1 8 0 Proof.

2. Divide 6'T. 11 cwt. 3 qrs. 19 lb. by 4

Ans. 17. 12cwt. 3qrs. 25lb. 12oz. 3. Divide 14 cwt. 1 qr. 12 lb. by 5

Ans. 2cwt. 3qrs. 13lb. 9oz. 9dr-t

4. Divide 16 lb. 13 oz. 10 dr. by 6

6. Divide 55 lb. 6 oz. parts.

6. Divide 26 lb. 1 oz.

7. Divide 9 hhds. 28

Ans. 2lb. 12oz. 15dr. 17 pwt. of silver into 9 equal Ans. 6lb. Soz. Spit. 15grs.+ 5 pwt. by 24

Ans. lb. 1oz. 1pwt. 1gr. gals. 2 qts. by 12 Ans. Ohhds. 49gals. 2qts. 1pt.

8. Divide 169 bu. 1 pk. 6 qts. by S5

Ans. 4bu. 3phs. 2qls.

9. Divide 17 lea. 1 m. 4 fur. 21 po. by el

Ans. 2. fur. ipo.

10. Divide 43. yds. 1 qr. 1

na. by 11

Ans. Syds. Sqrs. Sna.

11. Divide 97 E. E. 4 qrs. 1 na. by 5

Ans. 19yds. 2grs. Sna. 4.

12. Divide 44 gallons of brandy equally among 144 soldiers. Ans. 1ill a-piece. 13. Bought a dozen of silver spoons, which together weighed 3lb. 2 az. 13 pwt. 12 grs. how much silver did each spoon contain ? Ans. Soz. 4pwi. 11gr. 14. Bought 17 cwt. 3 qrs. 19 lb. of sugar, and sold out one third of it; how much remains unsold P

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15. From a piece of cloth containing 64 yards 2 na, a taylor was ordered to make 9 soldiers' coats, which took one-third of the whole piece; how many yards did each coat contain ? Ans. 2yds. 1qr. 2na.

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS.

1. If 9 yards of cloth cost 41. Ss. 74d. what is that per yard?

£. s. d. gr.

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9)4 3 7 2

9 3 2 Answer

2. If 11 tons of hay cost 231. Os.

ton ?

3. If 12 gallons of brandy cost 4l. per gallon

2d. what is that per Ans. £2 1s. 10d. 15s. 6d. what is that Ans. 7s. 11d. 2grs.

4. If 84 lbs. of cheese cost il. 16s. 9d. what is that per pound? Ans. 54d. 5. Bought 48 pairs of stockings for 11. 2s. how much a pair do they stand me in?

6. If a reckoning of 51. 8s. 104d. be 13 persons, what do they pay a-piece 7. A piece of cloth containing 24 what did it cost per yard?

Ans. 4s. 7id. paid equally among Ans. 8s. 44d. yards, cost 18. 65. Ans. 15s. 3d.

8. If a hogshead of wine cost 337. 12s. what is it a gallon ? Ans. 10s. 8d. 9. If 1 ewt. of sugar cost Sl. 10s. what is it per pound? Ans. 7id.

10. If a man spends 717. 14s. 6d. a year, what is that per calendar month ? Ans. £5 19s. 6¿d. 11. The Prince of Wales' salary is 150,000l. a years what is that a day? Ans. £410 19s. 2d.

12. A privateer takes a prize worth 12,465 dollars, of which the owner takes one-half, the officers one-fourth and the remainder is equally divided among the sailors who are 125 in number; how much is each sailor's part? Ans: 824 9sale.

13. Three merchants, A, B, and C, bave a ship in company. A hath, B, and C, and they receive for freight 2281. 16s. Sd. It is required to divide it among the owners according to their respective shares.

Ans. A's share £143 0s. 5d. B's share £57 4s. 2a. C's share £28 12s. 1d.

14. A privateer having taken a prize worth $6850, it is divided into one hundred shares; of which the captain is to have 11; 2 lieutenants, each 5; 12 midshipmen, each 2; and the remainder is to be divided equally among the sailors, who are 105 in number.

Ans. Captain's share $750 50ets, lient's. $342 30ets. a midshipman's $137, and a sailor's $55 88cts.

REDUCTION,

TEACHES to bring or change numbers from one name to another, without altering their value.

Reduction is either Descending or Ascending. Descending is when great names are brought into small, as pounds into shillings, days into hours, &c.This is done by Multiplication.

Ascending is when small names are brought into great, as shillings into pounds, hours into days, &c. This is performed by Division.

REDUCTION DESCENDING.

RULE.

Multiply the highest denomination given, by so many of the next less as make one of that greater, and thus continue till you have brought it down as low as your question requires.

PROOF. Change the order of the question, and divide your last product by the last multiplier, and so on.

EXAMPLES.

1. Th 251. 15s. 9d. 2qrs. how many farthings?

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NOTE. In multiplying by 20, I added in the 15s.-by 12 the 9d.--and by 4 the 2qrs. which must always be done in like cases.

2. In 31. 11s. 10d. 1gr. how many farthings?

Ans. 30329

3. In 46l. 59. 11d. 3qrs. how many farthings?

Ans. 44447 4. In 61. 12s. how many shillings, pence and farthings? Ans. 1232s. 14784d. 59136grs. 5. In 841. how many shillings and pence? Ans. 1680s. 20160d.

6. In 18s. 9d. how many pence and farthings?

Ans. 225d. 900grs.

7. In S12l. 8s. 5d. how many half-pence?

Ans. 149962

8. In 846 dollars at 6s. each, how many farthings?

Ans. 243648

9. In 41 guineas at 28s. cach, how many pence?

Ans. 18776

10. In 59 pistoles, at 22s. how many shillings, pence and farthings?

Ans. 1298s. 15576d. 62804grs. 11. In 37 half-johannes, at 48s. how many shillings six-pences, and three-pences?

Ans. 1776s. 3552 six-pences. 7104 three-pences. 12. In 121 French crowns, at 6s. 84. each, how many pence and farthings?/ Ans. 9680d. 88720grs.

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