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35 .N95 1808

F.

11-18-40 42026

PREFACE.

THE principal design in publishing the following sheets, is to instruct youth and others in the nature and management of the Federal Coin. As it is now become the Money of Account in the United States, and as the inhabitants, in general, are but imperfectly acquainted with it, an attempt to render the knowledge of it familiar to common capacities, can scarcely fail of being useful. This small Treatise, therefore, the Author hopes, will contribute a little to extend this knowledge among the lower classes, as the conciseness of the plan renders the price so triffing, that any person may purchase it.

All the rules of Arithmetic, necessary for transacting common business, are illustrated in the most plain and simple manner; and nothing but what was thought > to be really useful, has gained admittance into this small Compendium.

Great care has been taken to render the Work aceurate and correct: The Author hopes, therefore, to obtain the candor of the public, if any errors shall have escaped his notice.

Should this small Treatise answer the design of its publication, the Author will feel himself fully compensated for his trouble.

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JAMES NOres.

Atkinson, N. H. April....1297.

THE

Federal Arithmetic.

ARITHMETTC is the art of computing by numbers, and is comprised in five principal rules, viz. Numeration, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplation, and Division.

NUMERATION.

Numeration teaches to write any number, and to express the value of it, by these ten characters, called figures, or digits, viz.

12345

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, cypher.

The last of these characters is called a cypher, or nought, because, of itself, it signifies nothing; but cyphers, placed at the right hand of other figures, increase their value in the same proportion as if they had been significant figures.

Besides the above noted simple value of figures, they have, each, a local value, as follows: The order of places being reckoned from the right hand towards the left, the figure in the first place, in any combination of figures, represents its own simple value; that in the second place, ten times its simple value; that in the third place, a hundred times its simple value; and so on the value of the figure in each succeeding place, being ten times the value of the same figure in that immediately preceding it.

Therefore, to enumerate any number of figures, begin at the left hand, and to the simple value of each figure, join the name of its place, as units, tens, hundreds, &c. as are expressed in the following table.

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Ó Hundreds of thousands of millions.

Tens of thousands of millions.

Millions of millions, or Billions.

Example 1. Suppose the first four figures in this table, viz. 2623, were to be enumerated. The first

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