First Grade. tropics; polar circles; at the poles. Tides. Solar System. The sun-its office, distance, magnitude, spots. The moon-its size, distance, telescopic appearance, different phases; eclipse of the moon ; of the sun. Name the planets in their order; relative size; satellites of each, and ring of Saturn. Morning and evening stars. Comets. Fixed stars. Teach the pupils to point out in a clear night five or more conspicuous constellations; five or more stars of the first or second magnitude; all the larger planets that are above the horizon. § 97. Elementary Exercises in Book-keeping.—A dozen simple exercises in single-entry book-keeping, illustrated by the teacher on the blackboard, and written out by the pupils, will be sufficient to enable them to keep ordinary accounts with a good degree of facility and accuracy; and pupils should never be allowed to pass through the Grammar divisions and leave school, without this knowledge. 98. Government.-Seven or more elementary lessons on government, embracing the general structure of National, State, city, and town governments, and their relation to each other; government of United States, compared with that of Great Britain, Russia, Switzerland. Legislative, executive, and References. 97. Introduction to Mayhew's Book-keeping. § 98. Mansfield's Political Manual; Howe's Young Citizen's Catechism; Shurtliff's Governmental Instructor; Sheppard's Constitutional Text-book; Young's Science of Government; Brande's Cyclopædia, words Jury, Homicide, etc.; Webster's and Worcester's Quarto Dictionaries. Government; Heat. judicial branches of government; origin of our National government; Declaration of Independence; Constitution; trial by jury. Terms homicide, manslaughter, felony, arson, burglary, treason, perjury, forgery, etc. Names of the principal sovereigns of Europe. § 99. Heat.-In expanding the following topics, explain and apply the principles, and illustrate them as far as practicable. Sources of heat; heating by conduction, radiation, convection. Sensation of heat and cold; burning-glasses; good and poor conductors; different kinds of clothing; double windows; ice-houses; use of a fan; protection of the ground by snow. Contraction and expansion; putting tire on a wheel; fire balloons; thermometer; glass cracked by hot water; why clocks go faster in cold weather than in warm; freezing water; heat absorbed by change from solid to liquid state, and from liquid to gaseous; freezing mixture of salt and ice; cooling a heated room by sprinkling water on the floor. Boiling water; how the force of steam is produced. Flame--how produced. Carbon. Flame of a candle-why no combustion in the center; wick-why not consumed; use of circular wick in astral and solar lamps; use of glass chimney; of small hole in top of lamp; gas used in lighting buildings; use of a blower in kindling a fire; action References.- 99. Norton & Porter's First Book of Science, part 2; Science of Common Things, index; Reason Why, index; Barnard's Object Teaching, arts. 2 and 4; Brande's Cyclopædia. First Grade. of a common chimney; proper construction; advantages of stoves, as compared with open fireplaces; disadvantages. $ 100. Geology.-Five or more oral lessons on the geological formation of the United States; coal fields; mineral ores; geology of the State in which the pupils reside; fossiliferous rocks. § 101. Grammar and use of Language.-At least half the time appropriated to Grammar in the first grade, should be spent in parsing and analyzing select pieces from Milton, Pope, and other authors, embracing several different varieties of style. The extracts required for this purpose may be selected from the reading-books. No exercise should be regarded as complete and satisfactory that does not analyze the thought as well as the language of the writer. Pupils of this grade should receive special instructions in letter-writing, including the form and manner of beginning and ending, with the date; paragraphs; dividing between syllables at the end of a line; margin; folding; superscription; sealing, etc. See, also, §§ 6 and 89. § 102. Use of Globe.-Pupils should receive so much instruction in the use of the terrestrial globe, References. 100. Norton & Porter's First Book of Science, part 2; Willson's Fifth Reader; Brande's Cyclopædia; Webster's and Worcester's Quarto Dictionaries; any of the Physical Geographies. § 102. McIntyre on the Use of the Globes; Keith on the Use of the Globes; Brownell's How to Use Globes. Spelling, etc.; Music. that they will be able to solve by it, before the class, not less than five common problems; as, To find the length of a degree of longitude at any given latitude: To find the hours of sunrise and sunset, and the length of day and night at a given place on a given day To find how long the sun shines without setting, at any given place in the north frigid zone, and how long it is invisible, etc. Reading.-See §§ 1, 41, 78. § 103. Spelling and Analysis of Derivative Words. -Spell one hundred names selected from the geography of Asia and Africa; the names of fifty islands and groups of islands, situated in any part of the world. Dictation exercises. Special attention to the analysis of derivative and compound words. See §§ 2 and 79. Writing.-See § 3. See, also, §§ 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 93. MUSIC. § 104. It is highly important that all the divisions in the Grammar and Primary Departments should have one or more regular lessons in vocal music every week. Each division should also have daily exercises in singing both devotional and secular pieces. In References. - 103. Northend's Dictation Exercises; Sanders's Analysis of English Words; Town's Analysis of Derivative Words; McElligott's Analytical Manual. Promotions; Physical Exercises. the Primary divisions, singing should be interspersed among the other exercises several times a day. CONDITIONS OF TRANSFER FROM ONE GRADE TO No pupils should be advanced from one grade to another, till they are able to sustain a thorough and satisfactory examination, by the Principal, on all the branches of the grade from which they are to be transferred, including the oral lessons, use of slate, etc. They should be able to read any of the pieces they have gone over, with proper expression; explain the meaning of any of the words; give the names and uses of the different marks used; and spell any of the words, both by letters and by sounds. In the Grammar divisions, the examinations should be both oral and written. When practicable, all promotions from one grade to another should be made at the commencement of a school month. Whenever the scholarship of a pupil falls behind the rank of his class, he should be sent into the class next below, unless by extra effort he is able promptly to regain his position. PHYSICAL EXERCISES.* § 105. The following exercises embody the result of many careful experiments, and are believed to combine the elements of the most useful movements that are adapted to the school-room. The best ef * Most of the "free gymnastics" here presented, have been kindly furnished by Messrs. S. H. White, Principal of the Brown School, Chicago, G. D. Broomell, Principal of the Dearborn School, and E. C. Delano, Teacher of the Normal Department of the High School; assisted by three of the lady teachers. |