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4. In 10584 quarts of wine, how many tuns?

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6. Reduce 16128 gills of cider to tuns.

ALE OR BEER MEASURE.

Ans. 2tuns.

§ 67. Ale or beer measure is used in measuring ale, beer, and milk. Its denominations are hogsheads, barrels, gallons, quarts, and pints.

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NOTE. A gallon, beer measure, contains 282 cubic inches.

Q. For what is ale or beer measure used? What are its denomirations? Repeat the Table. How many cubic inches in a gallon, beer

measure?

EXAMPLES.

1. Reduce 47bar. 16gal. 4qt. to pints. 2. In 27hhd. of beer, how many pints?

Ans. 13672pt.

Ans. 11664

3. In 55832 pints of beer, how many hogsheads?

Ans.

4. In 64972 quarts of beer, how

many barrels ?

Ans. 451bar. 7gal.

DRY MEASURE.

§ 68. Dry measure is used in measuring all Jry articles, such as grain, fruits, roots, salt, coal, &c. Its denominations are chaldrons, bushels, pecks, quarts, and pints.

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NOTE-A gallon Dry measure contains 268 cubic inches. A Winchester bushel is 18

inches in diameter, 8

inches deep, and contains 2150 cubic inches.

Q. What is the use of Dry measure? What are its denominations? Repeat the table. What is the content of a gallon? How large is a Winchester bushel?

EXAMPLES.

1. In 372 bushels, how many pints?

2. In 5 chaldrons 31 bushels, how many pecks?

3. In 17408 pints, how many bushels? 4. In 4220 pints, how many chaldrons ?

Ans. 23808.

Ans.
Ans. 272.

TIME.

Ans. 1ch. 29bu. 3pk. 6qt.

§ 69. The denominations of time are years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes, and seconds.

60 seconds sec. make 1 minute, marked

60 minutes

24 hours

7 days
4 weeks

13 mo 1 day and 6 hrs.
or 365 days, 6 hrs.

1 hour,
1 day,

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m.

hr.

da.

wk.

mo.

yr.

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The whole days only are reckoned. The odd six hours, by accumulating for 4 years, make one day, so that every fourth year contains 366 days. This is called the Bissextile, or Leap year.

Although the year is reckoned at 365da. 6hr., it is in fact but 365da. 5hr. 48m. 48sec., and the difference by accumulating for 100 years makes about 1 day, so that the centennial years are not leap years. The leap years are exactly divisible by 4. They are 1840, 1844, &c.

The year is also divided into 12 calendar months, which contain an unequal number of days.

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The additional day, when it occurs, is added to the month of February, so that this month has 29 days in the Leap year.

Thirty days hath September,
April, June, and November;
All the rest have thirty-one,

Excepting February, twenty-eight alone.

Q. What are the denominations of Time? How long is a year? How many days in a common year? How many days in a Leap year? How many calendar months in a year? Name them and the number of days in each. How many days has February in the leap year? How do you remember which of the months have 30 days, and which 31 ?

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2. In 12 years of 365da. 23hr. 57m. 39sec. each, how Ans. 379467108 sec. many seconds? 3. In 49 weeks, how many minutes? Ans. 493920. 4. In 126230400 seconds, how many years of 365 days?

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5. In 756952018 seconds, how many years of 365 days

each?

6. In 5927040 minutes, how

Ans. 24yr. 1da. 26m. 58sec.

many weeks? Ans, 588.

CIRCULAR MEASURE OR MOTION.

§ 70. Circular measure is used in estimating latitude and longitude, and also in measuring the motions of the heavenly bodies. Every circle is supposed to be divided into 360 equal parts, called degrees.

3

TABLE.

60 seconds" make 1 minute, marked '.

60 minutes

30 degrees

1 degree,

1 sign,

12 signs or 360° - 1 circle,

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S.

C.

Q. For what is circular measure used? How is every circle supposed to be divided? Repeat the Table.

EXAMPLES.

1. Reduce 5s 29° 25′ to minutes.

Ans. 10765'.

2. In 2 circles, how many seconds? Ans.
3. In 32295 minutes how many circles?

Ans. 1c. 5s. 28°. 15'.

4. In 27894 seconds, how many degrees?

Ans. 7°. 44. 54".

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Q. How many things make a dozen? How many dozen a gross ? How many gross a great gross? How many things make a score? How many pounds a quintal of fish? How many sheets a quire of paper? How many quires a ream?

BOOKS.

A sheet folded in two leaves is called a folio.

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