VERBS. 91 FORMATION OF THE TENSES OF THE PASSIVE VOICE. § 86. The Present. The Present Passive is formed from the Present Active by changing -w into -oμal, as, τύπτω Pres. Act. τίπτ-ομαι Pres. Pass. § 87. The Past Imperfect. The Imperfect Past is formed from the Present by changing -μa into -μnv, and prefixing the augment, as, τύπτομαι Pres. -μην, ἐ-τυπτό-μην Imp. Past. § 88. The Perfect. The Perfect Passive is formed from the Perfect Active by changing (i) -pa pure into -μual (with two μs), as, TéTU-pa Perf. τέτυμμαι Perf. Pass. (ii) -pa impure into -μai, as, τέτερ-φα Perf. Act. τέτερ-μαι Per. Pass. (iii) -xa (with x) into yua, as, πέπλε-χα Perf. Act. (iv) -κα (with κ) into -μaι, πέπλεγμαι Perf. Pass. except in the third conjugation, where -Ka (with x) is changed into oμai, as, ἤγγελ-κα Perf. Act. ἔψαλ-κα ἤγγελ-μαι Perf. Pass. But from φράζω, πέφρακα Perf. Act. πέφρα-σμαι Perf. Pass. [There are, however, several exceptions to No. (iv), which are best learnt by practice and observation. So too with the changes in the Penultimate-they are best learnt by noticing them when they occur.] $ 89. The Perfect Past. The Past Perfect is formed from the Perfect Present by changing -μa into -μny, and prefixing the augment, -μην, as, τέτυμ-μαι Perf. Pres. ἐ-τετύμ-μην Past. Perf. § 90. The Future Perfect. The Future Perfect is formed from the Second Person Singular of the Perfect Present by changing -aɩ into -ομαι, as, τέτυψαι, τετύψομαι. 91. The Aorists. (a) The First Aorist Passive is formed from the Third Person Singular of the Perfect Passive by changing the reduplication into the augment, and -Taι into -Oŋv, as, δε-δήλωται, ἐ-δηλώθην. [The soft consonants in the penultimate of the Perfect are changed into the corresponding aspirates in the 1st Aorist, as, TÉ-TUTT-TAL, λέ-λεκ-ται, ἐ-τύφθην, Other changes in the penultimate must be learnt by practice.] (B) The Second Aorist Passive is formed from the Second Aorist Active by changing -ov into -nv, as, The Future Passive is formed from the First or Second Aorist Passive by dropping the augment and changing into -nooual, and according as it is so formed from the First or Second Aorist, so is it called the First or Second Future Passive, as, ἐ-τύφθην, τυφθήσομαι, 1st Future. |