24. The local value of a figure is the value given it by the place it occupies. Thus, 7, 6 and 4, when taken alone, mean 7 ones, 6 ones and 4 ones; but when combined, as in 764, the value of 7 is 7 hundreds; of 6, 6 tens; and of 4, 4 ones. REVIEW EXERCISE. 1. Express by figures seven hundred and nine, seven thousand six hundred and nine, forty-three thousand two hundred and seventy-five, sixteen thousand and six. 2. Express by figures one hundred and fifteen thousand and fifteen, five hundred thousand and five, eighteen thousand and six, eighteen thousand and eighteen. 3. Express by figures six hundred and fourteen million seven hundred and eighty-three thousand and sixty-three, one hundred and forty-nine million six hundred thousand, eighteen million, one hundred and seventy million and five. 4. Express by figures nine hundred million and nine, seven hundred and forty-three million seven hundred and forty-three, seven hundred and forty million seven thousand four hundred and seventy-four, two hundred and four million six hundred and seventy thousand and sixty seven. 5. Express by figures seventeen million and seventeen, nine hundred and sixty-two million nine hundred and sixty-two thousand nine hundred and sixty-two, four hundred and twenty-eight million four hundred and twentyeight thousand, nine hundred and eight million seventy thousand six hundred and five. 6. Express by words 1,865; 6,006; 18,014; 73,642. 7. Express by words 114,000; 14,006; 128,128; 900,019. 8. Express by words 462,352; 109,109,109; 16,000,000; 160,000,000. 9. Express by words 1,600,000; 160,000; 4,004,004; 45,045,045. 10. Express by words 87,500,875; 731,640,005; 62,062,062; 405,060,708. SECTION II. ADDITION. 1. A boy has one right hand and one left hand: how many hands has he? 2. A horse has two front feet and two hind feet: how many feet has he? 3. A girl has two apples in one hand and one in the other: how many apples has she? 4. John had three cents, and his mother gave him two more: how many had he then? 5. Mary has three cakes and George has three: how many have they both? 25. Uniting two or more numbers of the same kind, so as to find how much they all equal, is called Addition. 26. The number found by adding two or more numbers together is called the Sum. 27. The sign of addition, +, is called plus, and when placed between two numbers shows that they are to be added. 28. The following sign,=, is called the sign of equality, and when placed between two numbers shows that they are equal. Thus, 2+3 = 5, and is read 2 plus 3 equals 5. ORAL EXERCISE. 1. Count by 1's from 1 to 100; thus, 1 and 1 are 2, 2 and 1 are 3, 3 and 1 are 4, and so on. 2. Count by 2's from 2 to 100; thus, 2 and 2 are 4, 4 and 2 are 6, and so on. Count by 2's from 4 to 60. 3. Count By 3's from 3 to 60. 4. Count By 4's from 1 to 49. 5. Count By 5's from 1 to 51. 6. Count By 6's from 1 to 73. 7. Count By 7's from 2 to 51. By 7's from 4 to 35. By 7's from 5 to 110. By 7's from 0 to 133. 8. Count By 8's from 3 to 83. 9. Count By 9's from 1 to 82. 10. Count By 10's from 2 to 102. By 6's from 5 to 155. By 6's from 0 to 180. By 10's from 9 to 199. CASE I. To Add any Column of Figures whose Sum does not exceed Nine. ORAL EXERCISE. 1. How many are 3 pins and 4 pins? 6. How many are 6 men and 2 men? 7. How many are 4 cups and 4 cups? 8. How many are 3 spoons and 5 spoons? 9. How many are 3 apples, 2 apples and 1 apple? 10. How many are 2 cows, 3 cows and 4 cows? WRITTEN EXERCISE. Ex. How many are― 3 horses, 2 horses, Explanation. We write the numbers under one an 3 horses? other, and add thus: 3 and 2 are 5, and 3 are 8. Hence, 8 horses. the sum is 8 horses. (5.) (6.) (7.) (8.) (9.) (10.) (11.) (12.) (13.) 14. How many are 21 cents, 15 cents and 12 cents? SOLUTION. Explanation. We write the numbers so that units 21 cents, 15 cents, 12 cents. 48 cents. stand under units and tens under tens, and begin at the right to add. Thus, 2 and 5 are 7, and 1 is 8, which we write in the place of units; adding the tens, we have 1 and 1 are 2, and 2 are 4, which we write |