as its grammatical Subject, correlative with the subordinate sentence, or (b) an indirect question, introduced by How, Whether, Where, When, &c., or (c) a sentence introduced by a relative, and equivalent in force to an Adjective used substantivally. a. The report is that you are quitting England. It is not strange that there should be such a report. b. How he can is doubtful, that he never will is sure. Whether the moon is inhabited is a question I leave to others. c. What followed was in perfect harmony with this beginning. 2. The Predicative Sentence. The only kind of sentence that can help to form a Predicate is the relative sentence last described. be combined with the verb Be. I am not what is popularly called superstitious. It must 3. The Attributive Sentence. Attributive sentences are, of course, in their nature adjectival. As, however, we use Adjectives substantivally, so we find sentences which represent such Substantive-adjectives. Of sentences purely adjectival we may distinguish the following classes : : a. Those introduced by That (relative), Which, and Who. b. Those introduced by Where, (and its compounds), Whence, Whither, When, Why, That, (conjunction), and As. c. Those in which the Relative pronoun is omitted. a. The only favour that I can ask you.' He tires betimes, that spurs too fast betimes. I would hear the voice which was my music. What is this which thou hast done? This is a poor woman, who was my nurse. How hard is our fate, who serve in the state. b. I am new to the place where they should meet. Before I have shook of the regal thoughts wherewith I reigned. I don't know the time when the coach starts. That is the reason why I come so seldom. This is the reason that I sent for thee. To give our affairs such despatch as we expect, c. I have a grief admits no cure. "Tis distance lends enchantment to the view. I know that of him will hang him. The hate of those love not the king. Sometimes where two Attributive sentences are joined, and so enter together into the Principal sentence, the latter does not repeat the Relative, but uses the demonstrative instead. He whom next thyself, Of all the world I loved, and to him put The manage of my state. He held a pouncet-box, which ever and anon He gave his hose, and took't away again. The words Which and What and their compounds have this peculiarity: that they may take into the relative sentence with them the substantive which ordinarily would be their antecedent, and would stand in the principal sentence. The whole relative sentence in this case, generally ceases to be attributive, but will be seen to be fulfilling the same function as the Substantive would have fulfilled in the principal sentence. Lead me which way you please. Whichever road you take, it will conduct you to the town. May I not employ what banker I please? The word What also, being independent of an antecedent, often introduces a sentence which is equivalent to a substantive and a relative sentence attributive to it. The whole sentence thus introduced is not attributive but substantival. With joy beyond what victory bestows. A scene so different from what last night's journey had presaged. The following are examples of adjectival sentences used substantivally : Who cheapens life abates the fear of death. Let who will be president. On whom we send the weight of our hope lies. Vengeance is his or whose he sole appoints. That the keys should be given up to whomsoever should be appointed chief magistrate. What reason weaves by passion is undone. I am a fool to weep at what I am glad of. I will despatch at once whatever I have to do. I like men who pay for what they eat. ANALYSIS. For thee his ivory load Behemoth bore Heber's Palestine. Note.-If in h the spelling of e'er is to be maintained, or will be a subordinative conjunction equivalent to before, as in the phrase or ever they came to the bottom of the pit, and will connect the adverbial sentence h to the Principal sentence 1. If on the other hand we read ere, then or will be the usual co-ordinative disjunction, and will here connect the two adverbial sentences, while ere will be the subordinative conjunction, subordinating 1 to 1. |