Forbid to linger, yet afraid to roam;

My sorrowing fancy quits the happier height,
And southward throws her half-averted sight.
For sad the scenes Judæa's plains disclose,
A dreary waste of undistinguish'd woes:
See war untired his crimson pinions spread,
And foul revenge that tramples on the dead.

Lo, where from far the guarded fountains shine,

an adverbial phrase completing the verbal idea expressed in that substantive.

92. Forbid.]-A shortened form of the strong perfect participle forbidden. Other like instances are writ, chid, bid.

Afraid.]-This, under its older forms afraied, afrayed, affrayed, is readily recognized as a perfect participle of a now obsolete verb to affray, or frighten. It is worth while studying the construction here of the two Prepositional Infinitives. In the phrase I forbid you to roam, you is the dative and to roam the accusative object. Now, verbs which will admit the infinitive as their object when active, will take it as their complement when in the passive, and the perfect participle of forbid, as it is a transitive verb, is passive: hence we can say forbidden to linger, and similarly, ordered to be sold: permitted to speak: expected to arrive, &c. The second is to be otherwise accounted for, thus :-Adjectives, which describe affections of the mind (such as glad, happy, weary, loath, fearful, impatient, hopeless), and by analogy passive participles of like force (such as delighted, pleased, tired, disgusted, dismayed) are completed by the prepositional infinitive.

95. Supply are and which. The omission of the relative, when it is the

object, is very common, as These are words you will not understand: That is the very dress he wore. When it is the subject, it is not so customary to omit it. Instances, however, often meet us, as 'Tis distance lends enchantment to the view: I know a charm shall make thee tame. Still rarer is it to find the relative and its preposition both omitted, as As well appeareth by the cause you come : And all we can absolve thee shall be pardoned.

97. See war

spread.]-Transitive verbs of Perception (as See, behold, hear, feel, find, observe, &c.) take a primary accusative object, and a verb in the infinitive (the prepositional infinitive very rarely) as a secondary object.

̈99. From far.]—Adverbs, when they convey a substantive idea, are often

combined with prepositions. Cf. From above; from behind; between here and Moscow; before now; till then; at once; until recently.

Thy tents, Nebaioth, rise, and Kedar, thine!
'Tis yours the boast to mark the stranger's way,
And spur your headlong chargers on the prey,
Or rouse your nightly numbers from afar,
And on the hamlet pour the waste of war;
Nor spare the hoary head, nor bid your eye
Revere the sacred smile of infancy.

Such now the clans, whose fiery coursers feed
Where waves on Kishon's bank the whispering reed;
And theirs the soil, where, curling to the skies,
Smokes on Samaria's mount her scanty sacrifice;
While Israel's sons, by scorpion curses driven,

Outcasts of earth, and reprobate of heaven,

Through the wide world in friendless exile stray,

100

110

104. Waste of war.]-The phrase occurs also in Pope's Thebaid.

"And

give the nations to the waste of war." War wastes the hamlets would be the statement; and therefore of war is equivalent to a subjective genitive.

105. The hoary head.]-The force of the definite article is here generic, as pointing to the individual as the representative of the species. In the following line it merely recals what is well known. The former phrase is equivalent to hoary heads, the latter to that smile which all feel to be sacred.

107. Clan.]-This is a Celtic word.

108. Where

to predicate feed.

109. Where

reed.]-Adverbial sentence of place, complement

sacrifice.]-Adverbial sentence attributive to soil. How commonly adverbs are attributive to substantives will appear from these and similar instances. The cause of his arrival here: In the pool below I see a ghastly phantom: From the far-off isles: During the whole period of my life abroad. We should say The soil there is theirs, and may then expand the word there into an adverbial sentence.

formed from Latin The corresponding formerly the same

112. Reprobate.]-Rejected, disowned. Adjective participle reprobatus. See above, line 40. English participle is reproved, which had meaning, and gained later by association the idea of blame, commonly now attached to it. The use of of to express the relation of personal agent, a relation usually expressed by by is worth notice, and may be compared with the French idioms, in which de replaces par. Other examples are-I am known of many: Admired I am of those that hate me most: Favoured of him who rules above: Rejected of this generation: Comfort scorned of devils :

Remorse and shame sole comrades of their way,
With dumb despair their country's wrongs behold,
And, dead to glory, only burn for gold.

O thou, their guide, their Father, and their Lord,
Loved for Thy mercies, for Thy power adored !
If at Thy name the waves forgot their force,
And refluent Jordan sought his trembling source;
If at Thy name like sheep the mountains fled,
And haughty Sirion bow'd his marble bead;—
To Israel's woes a pitying ear incline,.
And raise from earth Thy long-neglected vine!
Her rifled fruits behold the heathen bear,
And wild-wood boars her mangled clusters tear.
Was it for this she stretch'd her peopled reign

120

Enone wandering forlorn of Paris. The phrase of earth in the same line is also parallel, the word earth being placed by the preposition in the same relation with the verbal idea contained in the substantive outcasts. The whole phrase is therefore equivalent to, Cast out by earth, and rejected by heaven.

114. Remorse shame.]-Absolute accusatives. It is not necessary to supply the participle being. We may rather compare such absolute phrases as Side by side: sword in hand: gay streamers in their hats, they trooped on to the green.

120. Refluent.-Backward-flowing.

Another adjective formed from a

Lat. participle by a simple change of ending. These words were added to the language chiefly in the 16th and 17th centuries.

121. Like.]-There were two words in Anglo-Saxon, Gelic, the adjective, similis, and gelice, the adverb, similiter, both taking after them the dative case. This construction still so far survives that like governs a substantive (virtually in the dative) directly, without the intervention of a preposition. The only words which resemble it in this are unlike, nigh, nearer, next. An easy rule to apply is this:-If like is equivalent to of the same kind as, it is an adjective; but if equivalent to in the same manner as, it is an adverb. We should avoid using it as a conjunction, and such constructions as he did it like I told him, though certainly to be found in good writers, are to be condemned. When like as in a dependent clause is followed by so in the principal, as is to be treated as a conjunction correlative to so, and like as an adverb repeated in the word so.

125. Rifled.]-Robbed, pillaged. Bear.]-Simple infinitive, secondary complement to behold [thou]. See above l. 97.

127. She

main.] Substantive sentence, subject to predicate was for this, the connecting word that being suppressed. Each of

From far Euphrates to the western main ?
For this o'er many a hill her boughs she threw,
And her wide arms like goodly cedars grew ?
For this, proud Edom slept beneath her shade,
And o'er th' Arabian deep her branches play'd ?
Oh, feeble boast of transitory power!
Vain, fruitless trust of Judah's happier hour!
Not such their hope, when through the parted main
The cloudy wonder led the warrior train :

Not such their.hope, when through the fields of night
The torch of heaven diffused its friendly light:
Not, when fierce conquest urged the onward war,
And hurl'd stern Canaan from his iron car:
Nor, when five monarchs led to Gibeon's fight,
In rude array, the harness'd Amorite:
Yes-in that hour, by mortal accents stay'd,
The lingering sun his fiery wheels delay'd;
The moon, obedient, trembled at the sound,
Curb'd her pale car, and check'd her mazy round!
Let Sinai tell-for she beheld His might,
And God's own darkness veil'd her mystic height:
(He, cherub-borne, upon the whirlwind rode,
And the red mountain like a furnace glow'd);
Let Sinai tell- but who shall dare recite
His praise, His power, eternal, infinite?—
Awe-struck I cease; nor bid my strains aspire,

Or serve His altar with unhallow'd fire.

Such were the cares that watch'd o'er Israel's fate,
And such the glories of their infant state.

130

140

150

the three following lines contains a similar sentence. It is a second subject in apposition.

136. Warrior.]-Another attributive substantive.

144. Wheels.]-He use the imagery of the classical poets.

146. Mazy.]This term is justified by the intricacy of the moon's apparent path in the heavens.

146. What Sinai is to tell is suppressed as too awful to be put into words. This rhetorical artifice is called Aposiopesis.

147. Mystic.]-Mysterious.

150. Like a furnace.]-This phrase is complementary to the predicate, not attributive to the subject. Like is therefore the adverb, not the adjective.

151. Recite.--Dare is one of the few verbs which govern either the simple or the prepositional infinitive at pleasure.

152. Eternal, infinite.]-These words may be attributive to praise and power, but are better taken as attributive to His.

-Triumphant race! and did your power decay?
Fail'd the bright promise of your early day?
No:-by that sword, which, red with heathen gore,
A giant spoil, the stripling champion bore;

By him, the chief to farthest India known,

The mighty master of the ivory throne:

In Heaven's own strength, high towering o'er her foes,
Victorious Salem's lion banner rose;

Before her footstool prostrate nations lay,

And vassal tyrants crouch'd beneath her sway.

160

159. By that sword.]—Sc. it failed not. He calls, as it were, the sword to witness that the early promise was made good by later achievements.

Notices of Books.

The Class and Standard Series of Reading Books. By Charles Bilton, B.A. Assistant to her Majesty's Inspector of Schools. Longmans and Co.-These books are of a superior cast to many that have recently been issued. There is nothing namby-pamby about them. The lessons are a judicious mixture of information on familiar topics, with interesting stories and fables, and a sprinkling of that kind of simple poetry which addresses itself to the senses as well as the imagination of a child. Book I., confined to monosyllables, to suit Standard I., differs from the majority of recent issues, in using just such language as a child is accustomed to hear and to use, without any attempt to frame the lessons on a phonic system. As a consequence the style is less cramped, and the reading more natural, than in books where all other conditions are made to give way to the introduction of vowel sounds and their modes of representation, in a graduated series. In other words these are books to teach reading rather than spelling, and to do it after a natural rather than an artificial fashion. The only fault we find with them is, the lessons are too few for their purpose, otherwise we can strongly recommend them.

66

The Complete Reader :-Book III.-The Exemplar of Style. By E. T. Stevens, A.K.C., and Charles Hole, F.R.G.S. Longmans and Co.-We have had occasion to point out, when noticing other books of this series, that they are intended for Upper and Middle Class Schools. We have commended the other volumes, and the present will be found a suitable companion to them. The Exemplar of Style" consists of extracts from the best English authors, in chronological order, from Sir Thomas More to Tennyson. Each author is introduced by a note of his birth, death, character, and chief works. The extracts have been very carefully selected, and in many instances are admirable specimens of the authors chosen. At the head of each lesson are gathered the most important words, with their derivation and meaning. The book is admirably adapted to its purpose, and we predict will be a chief favourite with the young people for whom it

is intended.