product is equal to 40; and also 9×8÷126, means that 9 and 8 multiplied, and the product divided by 12, the quotient will be equal to 6. :::: Are the signs of proportion; and are as 7: 14::8:16, and are read as 7 to 14, so is 8 to 16. This shews the Square Root of the number is required. ✓ 3 This shews the Cube Root of the number is required. NUMERATION TABLE. -Millions of Millions. Hundreds of Thousands of Millions. .Thousands of Millions ܢ ܠ ܠ er or or or or Hundreds of Millions. aaaaaa Tens of Millions. 6 7 Millions. ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ Hundreds of Thousands, 3 3 3 3 3 ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ Hundreds. 2222222222 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 Tens. යයය ය ය Units. 6 11 12 13 14 15 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 102 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 19 20 21 22 23 18 19 | 20 | 21 | 24 25 26 27 7 26 27 28 8 | 27 | 28 | 299 18 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 10 The use of this Table in Addition. stands 29, the sum re- number with which Look for the number quired. swering to the remaintop, is a number anover that number on the subtract, and directly Subtraction. der. the left or right hand, from 15, look for 9 on Required to take 9 EXAMPLE. then follow that line towards the right or left till you find 15, and on the top directly over 15 is 6, the remainder required. SIMPLE ADDITION. Simple Addition teaches to add together several sums of the same denomination. RULE. Set down units under units, tens under tens, and hundreds under hundreds, &c. Begin to add in the place of units, add all in that column, carry one for every ten that is in the sum of units, to the place of tens, and set down all that is over ten, or tens; add up the column of tens, carry one for every ten to the next column, and set down all that is over, thus proceed through all the columns to the last; and in the last column observe to set down the whole sum. Proof-Begin at the top add downwards, carry as before, and if the work is right, the sum will be the same as it was when added upwards. 1. Add together 345674, 98736, 456752 and 7654. Ans. 908816. 2. Add 94321, 675431, 1234 and 76432 together. Ans. 847418. 3. Add 6421, 94742, 6752 and 875432 together. Ans. 983347. 4. Add 67432, 98891, 65641 and 77421 together. Ans. 309385. 5. Add 9944, 2343, 78764 and 94929 together. Ans. 185980 6. I lent a friend 942 dollars, at one time, at another 741, at another 91; what is the whole sum lent? Ans. 1774 dolls. 7. A man killed 4 hogs, weighing as follows; one 396, one 472, one 510 and one 371; what did they all weigh? C Ans. 1749. 8. I killed an ox, his quarters weighed 642, his hide 105, his tallow 92; what did they all weigh? Ans. 839. 9. A man gave to three sons as follows, to one 3427 dolls. to another 3025 dolls. to another 2947 dolls. ; what did he give to all of them? Ans. 9399. 10. A man's taxes were as follows for 3 years; the first 142 dolls. second 165, the third 210 dolls.; what did he pay in three years? Ans. 517. SIMPLE SUBTRACTION. Simple Subtraction teaches to take a less number from a greater, that is of the same denomination. RULE. Write the largest number down first: and the smallest underneath, units under units, &c. begin to subtract in the place of units; and take the under from the upper figure; set down the remainder: If at any time any particular figure in the lower line is larger than the one immediately over it, subtract the under figure from ten; to the remainder add the upper figure and set it down'; and carry one to the next figure in the lower line; thus proceed through the whole. Examples. From 245678 456789 784567 943213456 Rem: 108889 238895 125135 198892222 N. B. To prove Subtraction whether it is Simple or Compound, add the remainder and lower line together and the sum will be like the upper line if it is right. Questions in Subtraction. 1. What is the difference between 24567 and 7456? Ans. 1711L. 2. I lent a friend 2456 dolls. and received in part 1342 dollars; what remains due ? Ans. 1114 dolls. 3. A merchant owes 34323 dolls. his effects are worth but 22749 dollars; how much will he fall in debt? Ans. 11574 dolls. 4. A merchant has an estate in his hands valued at 52394 dols. he owes 31399 dolls; what is he worth after paying his debts ? Ans. 20995 dolls. SIMPLE MULTIPLICATION. Simple Multiplication is a compendious way of adding; as 9 multiplied by 6 is equal to 54, and is the same as if 9 were set down 6 times and added up. The number given to be multiplied is called the multiplicand. The number given to multiply by, is called the multiplier. The number arising from the operation is called the product. The following table must be committed to memory before any progress can be made in Multiplication. |