PROBLEMS Before working the following problems record the data on suitable blanks. 1. A. D. Price had a balance in the bank, made deposits, and drew checks as follows: May 2d, balance $2480.35; deposits $295.60; checks $24.70, $39.20, $10, $62.50. May 3d, deposits $328.25; checks $16.35, $1480.00, $4.25. May 5th, deposits $247.20; checks $21.40, $50, $7.15, $4.80, $18.65, $21.45, $34.75. May 6th, deposits $435.90; checks $16.40, $25.00, $31.20. May 7th, deposits $527.35; checks $20, $20, $20, $25, $25, $35. Enter the daily balances and check as on page 38. 2. On a certain day the collection department of a bank showed the following items: A's paper, face $3600; discount $41.60; Com. & Exch. $1.50 Com. & Exch. 2.50 1.20; Com. & Exch. none Com. & Exch. 15.00 6.30; Com. & Exch. 1.20 4.60; Com. & Exch. 2.50 Com. & Exch. 5.60 2.75 paper, face 420; discount F's paper, face 1920; discount G's paper, face 3250; discount 27.40; H's paper, face 930; discount 5.85; Enter and fill in the Net Proceeds column as on page 39. Check. Com. & Exch. 3. From a large farm wheat was hauled to the elevator as indicated below. Each load was weighed on the wagon (Gross Weight), and after unloading, the wagon was weighed (Tare). Find the net weight of the wheat and the number of bushels. (60 lb. = 1 bushel.) Gross Weight 3760, Tare 1460; Gr. Wt. 4420, T. 1480; Gr. Wt. 4540, T. 1470; Gr. Wt. 4390, T. 1510; Gr. Wt. 4360, T. 1500; Gr. Wt. 4520, T. 1480; Gr. Wt. 4510, T. 1460; Gr. Wt. 4490, T. 1420; Gr. Wt. 4520, T. 1450; Gr. Wt. 4320, T. 1490; Gr. Wt. 4610, T. 1520; Gr. Wt. 4620, T. 1500; Gr. Wt. 4160, T. 1420. 13. The following table gives the population in each grand division of the United States in 1900 and in 1910. Find the increase in each division by horizontal subtraction and add the increases. Then add the two given columns and subtract. The two results should agree. In each of the following find how much must be added to the sum of the numbers below the first number to make the sum equal to the first number. In each of the following, which column has the greater sum and Copy the following from dictation. Find the differences by horizontal subtraction. Check as on page 33. CHAPTER IV MULTIPLICATION 47. Definition of Multiplication. Multiplication is the process of taking one number, called the multiplicand, as many times as the number one is contained in another number, called the multiplier. 48. Uses of Multiplication. In business multiplication is in constant use and must be mastered thoroughly by anyone who wishes to become an accountant or even a clerk. Practically all bills made out involve multiplication. 49. Multiplication Table. - All multiplication is based on the following table, which should be memorized perfectly. Sometimes the table is given to 12 × 12, but the table to 10 X 20 is much more useful. 50. Product, Factors. The result obtained by multiplication is called the product. The multiplier and multiplicand are called the factors of the product. Thus 6 X8 is read "6 times 8" and indicates that the product of 6 and 8 is to be found. The sign X placed between two numbers indicates that one of the numbers is to be multiplied by the other. 51. Multiplying by 10, 100, etc.—It follows directly from the principles of the decimal notation that annexing a zero at the right of a number multiplies it by 10, since this moves each figure into the place of the next higher order. Similarly, annexing two zeros at the right multiplies the number by 100, annexing three zeros multiplies it by 1000, and so on. 52. Multiplying by a Product. — The following example illustrates an important principle in multiplication : To multiply 8 by 15 we may multiply 8 by 3 and the product by 5, obtaining 3 × 8 24 and 5 × 24 = 120. Or we may multiply 8 by 5 and the product by 3, obtaining 5 × 8 = 40 and 3 × 40 = 120. Hence we have the = Rule: To multiply by the product of two numbers we may multiply by one of the factors and the product so found by the other factor. This principle is used when multiplying by such numbers as 60, 700, 8000, 340, and so on. Thus to multiply by 60 we first multiply by 6 and then multiply the product by 10 by annexing a zero to the right. To multiply by 700 we first multiply by 7 and then multiply the product by 100 by annexing 2 zeros to the right. Similarly to multiply by 8000 we first multiply by 8 and then multiply by 1000 by annexing three zeros to the right. 53. Multiplying a Sum. The following example illustrates another principle in multiplication: To multiply the sum of two numbers as 6 and 8 by 4 we may multiply 6 and 8 by 4 separately, and then add the products. Hence we have the Rule: To multiply the sum of two numbers we may multiply each number separately and then add the products. This principle is used when multiplying a number having two or more figures. |