Mean proportional. A number that is both the second and third terms of a proportion. Means. The terms of a proportion between the extremes. Meridians. Imaginary lines drawn straight around the earth through both poles. Meter. The unit of length in the metric system. Metric system. A system of weights and measures expressed in the decimal scale. Minuend. The number from which the subtrahend is taken. Mixed number. A whole number and a fraction. Money of a country. The legal currency of the country. Multiple of a number. The product obtained by taking the given number an integral number of times. Multiplicand. The number to be multiplied by another. Multiplication. ber of times. The operation of taking a number of units a num Multiplier. The number by which the multiplicand is multiplied. Net proceeds. The money that remains of the money received for property after all expenses and discounts are paid. Notation. A system of expressing numbers by symbols. Note. A written agreement to pay, for value received, a specified sum of money on demand or at a specified time. Numbers. Expressions applied to a unit to show how many times the unit is taken. Numeration. A system of naming numbers. Numerator. The number that shows how many are taken of the equal parts into which a unit is divided. Obligation. A debt, or liability to pay. Odd numbers. Numbers not exactly divisible by 2. Ohm. The unit of resistance to electricity. The resistance of a column of mercury, 14mm in cross section and 106cm long at 0° C. Order of units. The number of things in a group, as tens, hundreds. Partial payment. Part payment on a note. Partnership. An association of persons to carry on business. Pendulum. A body suspended by a straight line from a fixed point, and moving freely about that point as a centre. Percentage of a number. One or more hundredths of the number. Policy. A written contract of insurance. value above par value. Also the excess of market Present worth. The present value of a debt due at a future time. Prime number. A number that cannot be exactly divided by any number except itself and one. Principal. Money drawing interest. Problem. A question to be solved. Proceeds or avails of a note or draft. The amount of the note or draft less the discount and exchange. Product. The number found by multiplication. Proof. The evidence that establishes the accuracy of any result. Proper fraction. A fraction whose numerator is less than its denominator. Proportion. A statement that two ratios are equal. Protest. A notice in writing by a notary public to the endorsers of a note that it has not been paid. Pulley. A grooved wheel that turns freely within a block, fixed or movable, by means of a rope that passes over the groove. Quotient. The number found by division. Ratio. The relative magnitude of two numbers or of two quantities, when expressed by the quotient of the first divided by the second. Receipt. A written acknowledgment of money or goods received. Reciprocal of a number. One divided by that number. Reduction. The process of changing the unit in which a quantity is expressed without changing the value of the quantity. Remainder. The number found by subtraction. Repeating or circulating decimals. Decimals that contain a constantly recurring figure or series of figures. Repetend. The figure or series of figures that constantly recurs in a repeating decimal. Root of a number. One of the equal factors of the number. Rule. The statement of a prescribed method. Savings bank. A bank to receive deposits and pay compound interest to the depositors. Screw. A cylinder that has on its surface a uniform projection in the form of a spiral curve, called the thread. Security. Property used to guarantee the payment of any debt. Share. One of a certain number of equal parts into which the capital of a company is divided. Short division. The method of dividing in which the operations of multiplying and subtracting are performed mentally. Similar fractions. Fractions that have a common denominator. Simple fractions. Fractions whose terms are integral numbers. Simple quantities. Quantities expressed in a single denomination. Sinking fund. The final value of sums of money put at interest at regular intervals of time, to pay a debt due at a stated time. Solid. A magnitude that has length, breadth, and thickness. Solution. The process by which the answer to a question is obtained. Specific gravity of a substance. The ratio of the weight of a given volume of it to the weight of an equal volume of water. Square root of a number. One of its two equal factors. Stock. Capital invested in business. Stock company. An association of persons under the laws of the state for the purpose of carrying on a specified business. Subtraction. The process of taking one number from another. Sum. The number found by addition. Surd. An indicated root, that cannot be exactly found. Surface. A magnitude that has length and breadth. Tare. In customs, an allowance for the weight of the box, cask, bag, or other wrapping. Taxes. Money required of persons and corporations for the support of the government and for other public purposes. Thermometer. An instrument for measuring temperature. Time notes. Notes that are payable at a specified time. Units. The standards by which we count separate objects or measure magnitudes. Velocity. Rate of motion, measured by the number of units of space passed over in a unit of time. Verify. To establish by trial the truth of any statement. Volt. The unit of force of electricity. The force required to send one ampère of electricity through a circuit of a resistance of one ohm. Volume of a solid. The number of cubic units in the solid. Wheel and axle. A simple machine, consisting of a wheel firmly attached to an axle. Work. The act of changing the position of a body by overcoming resistance to the change. Yard. The unit of length in the common system. Short Processes. NOTE. These processes should be learned as fast as they can be utilized in the ordinary work of Arithmetic. The time to learn each process is left to the discretion of the teacher. 1. To multiply by 25 (4 of 100), Multiply by 100 and divide the product by 4. 2. To divide by 25, Multiply by 4 and divide the product by 100. 3. To multiply by 2.5 or 24 (4 of 10), Multiply by 10 and divide the product by 4. 4. To divide by 2.5 or 21⁄2, Multiply by 4 and divide the product by 10. 5. To multiply by 50 (of 100), Multiply by 100 and divide the product by 2. 6. To divide by 50, Multiply by 2 and divide the product by 100. 7. To multiply by 75 (2 of 100), Multiply by 100 and subtract from the product of it. 8. To divide by 75, Divide by 100 and add to the quotient of it. 9. To multiply by 333 (3 of 100), Multiply by 100 and divide the product by 3. 10. To divide by 331⁄2, Multiply by 3 and divide the product by 100. 11. To multiply by 3 (3 of 10), Multiply by 10 and divide the product by 3. 12. To divide by 31, Multiply by 3 and divide the product by 10. 13. To multiply by 333 (3 of 1000), Multiply by 1000 and divide the product by 3. 14. To divide by 3331, Multiply by 3 and divide the product by 1000. 15. To multiply by 16 ( of 100), Multiply by 100 and divide the product by 6. 16. To divide by 163, Multiply by 6 and divide the product by 100. 17. To multiply by 1663 ( of 1000), Multiply by 1000 and divide the product by 6. 18. To divide by 166, Multiply by 6 and divide the product by 1000. 19. To multiply by 663 (3 of 100), . · Multiply by 100 and subtract from the product of it. 20. To divide by 663, Divide by 100 and add to the quotient of it. 21. To multiply by 12 (of 100), Multiply by 100 and divide the product by 8. 22. To divide by 12, Multiply by 8 and divide the product by 100. 23. To multiply by 144 (4 of 100), Multiply by 100 and divide the product by 7. 24. To divide by 142, Multiply by 7 and divide the product by 100. 25. To multiply by a number that is a little less than some multiple of 10, as 100, 1000, etc., Multiply the multiplicand by the multiple of 10 that differs little from the given multiplier. Then multiply the multiplicand by the difference between this multiple of 10 and the given multiplier, and find the difference of the two products. Thus, to multiply by 998 (1000—2), multiply by 1000 and then by 2, and take the difference of the products. |