30 16 R 16 R 17 R 15 15 D 17 R 16 D (Fred'k T. Frelinghuysen......... 31 +New Jersey....Theodore F. Randolph..... 16 THE REPUBLIC, A Political Science Monthly Magazine. The fifth volume of THE REPUBLIC commenced in July, 1875. As in the past the highest ambition of its publishers will be to render THE REPUBLIC a reliable medium of information on all subjects connected with Republican governmentFederal, State, and municipal. Washington, in his Farewell Address, justly claimed that "In proportion as the structure of a government gives force to public opinion, it is essential that public opinion should be enlightened." The object of THE REPUBLIC writers is not only to educate the people—and especially our young men who are now stepping upon the stage of public life-in the principles of political science, but to impress upon every official conscience the sacred obligation of fidelity to the public interests. It was Benjamin Rush who uttered the great truth that "nothing can be politically right that is morally wrong," and he, too, pronounced the equally logical axiom that "virtue is the soul of the republic." It will be the duty and aim of THE REPUBLIC to inculcate these and similar truths, to commend integrity and fidelity, to sustain patriotic statesmen in all laudable efforts, to establish and perpetuate the principles of good government; and in this way to contribute to the advancement of the physical, intellectual, and moral condition of the people, as well as to the national prosperity, virtue and power. THE REPUBLIC will continue to chronicle faithfully the current action of the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Departments of the Government, to comment impartially upon the acts of public men,and to do what may be done within its sphere to inform the people and improve the Government. The fifth volume of THE REPUBLIC will be printed from a new and handsome type. Other important improvements will be introduced in the variety, arrangement, and makeup of the magazine. Under an enlarged corps of the ablest writers a broader field of political review and discussion of national questions will be adopted; and it is believed that the new volume will be a decided improvement in every way upon its predecessors. TERMS: THE REPUBLIC is a magazine of sixty-four pages, published monthly, at $2 a year, or six copies for $10. The postage, in all cases, after January 1, 1875, will be paid by the publishers. A few copies of the back volumes may yet be obtained, either bound or in numbers. Remittances should be made by postal money-order or registered letter. Address, REPUBLIC PUBLISHING COMPANY, Washington, D. C. Devoted to the Dissemination of Political Information. VOL. V. WASHINGTON, D. C., AUGUST, 1875. No. 2. 'GROWTH OF THE NATION UNDER REPUBLICANISM. The Republican party, as a political organ- | The trust confided to its care in 1861, was ization, dates its history from 1856. It came into power March 4, 1861, and from that time to the present, it has been responsible for the administration of national affairs. Has it been faithful to its trust? This question has been passed upon by the people three times since 1861. First, in 1864, in Mr. Lincoln's re-election; second, in 1868, at the election of General Grant; third, in 1872, when the people returned the present incumbent by the largest popular majority ever given to a President. Thus it would appear that up to 1872, at least, the people had an abiding faith in Republicanism, and by their votes proclaimed to the world that the party had been faithful to its trust. Has it done anything since the last popular endorsement, to forfeit the confidence and good will of the American people? We think not, for we believe its public services have been as faithfully performed since 1872, as they were before. If it has made mistakes, it has been quick to correct them--and in this it has shown a desire to conform to the wishes of a nation that has entrusted it with power for the past fourteen years. This prompt reflection of the popular will has been a leading trait in the character of Republicanism. All its public measures have been based upon public wants, and to discover these wants, and to administer to them, have been the chief aim and object of the party. the nation itself. Never was a more sacred trust given to a party to keep, and never has one been guarded with equal fidelity, or with more religious care. To this fidelity and this care the people of the United States are indebted for the Government they now enjoy. It must ever re main as a recognized fact worthy of historic preservation, that the Republican party took the theory of self-government and made up it a grand success, at the very moment when Democracy proclaimed it a failure. Democracy had abandoned all hopes of saving the Union, had announced its willingness to see its bonds severed, had proclaimed its determination to make no efforts to stay the tide that was sweeping the nation to certain destruction, when the loyal people called the Republican party into power and gave into its hands a trust which Democracy was about to betray. A nation without credit at home and abroad, its treasury nearly bankrupt, its currency insecure, its navy scattered, its army small and demoralized, its authority repudiated and defied in eleven States, its Southern forts and arsenals in the hands of insurgents, a powerful political party which had been instrumental in bringing about this disas trous state of affairs-holding sufficient influence to prevent unity of action, was a fair As we are on the eve of a political campaign whose issues are to have a direct bear-picture of the condition of the trust when ing on the Presidential campaign of 1876, it Republicans came into power. is well to briefly review the past history of the It was a moment of extreme peril to the Republican party, and to again ask the ques-nation-the darkest period in its history. tion, "has it been faithful to its trust?'' True, the enthusiasm of the loyal millions The POPULATION. STATES. GAIN. 1860. 1870. ... Eastern 3,135,583 3,487,924 352,641 as they rallied to the support of the Union, tion of each division, and the gain in ten lightened up this period of gloom, but the years: actual danger which beset the Union was greater than any before encountered. South was in open rebellion and the North was divided in sentiment. The Democratic party maintained its organization, and used it to encourage the South and to discourage the efforts of the North. Yet in the face of almost insurmountable obstacles, the Republican party followed the dictates of loyalty and justice, and turned neither to the right nor the left until the rebellion was crushed, and the Union saved. Therefore, to the Re-1870, was somewhat smaller than that shown publican party, to its wisdom and fidelity, its patriotism and courage, the people owe the existence of the Union. If it had no other claim on the gratitude of the nation than this one of preserving its nationality, it should outweigh all the claims of Democracy, and entitle it to the confidence and support of every loyal American citizen. But it has other claims. It has not only organized the means for saving the nation, in the face of the greatest rebellion of molern times, but it has, by the operation of wise laws and a liberal policy, developed a growth of material prosperity rarely equalled in the history of nations. To fully comprehend the advancement made during a single decade of Republican ascendency, let us briefly compare the condition of the country in 1860, with its condition in 1870, as shown by the 9th census INCREASE IN POPULATION. Territories Total..... 31,443,321 38,558,371 | 7,115,050 The percentage of increase, from 1860 to between 1850 and 1860. This can be readily accounted for by causes directly traceable to the war. The Surgeon General United States Army fixes the losses of the Union armies, by death, at 304,00)—by discharge, 285.000. The Confederate losses are estimated at 30,000. Add to this the large number, on both sides, who died after the close of the war, from causes chargeable to the service, and we have not les than 1,000,000 of the decrease accounted for. The loss of so large a number of able-bodied men would necessarily affect the ratio of births during the decade. Therefore, the difference between the estimated population for 1870-41,609,000-and the actual count-3,558,371-may be properly attributed to the rebellion, and causes directly chargeable to it. Yet, despite these unfavorable causes, which retarded the natural growth of the nation, the close of the first decade of Republican administration finds the nation with a substantial increase of over seven millions. The increase up to the present time, may safely be assumed to reach not less than 11,500,000, making the present population about 42,000,000. INCREASE IN PRODUCTS OF MANUFACTURES. In 1860 the population of the United States The substantial growth in the products of was, according to the census, 31,183,744. manufactures from 1860 to 1870, illustrate the Including Territories, 31,443,321. According industrial prosperity of the nation. It is safe to assume that the increase of products of to the census of 1870, the population was manufactures to June 30, 1874, would be up38,115,641. Including Territories, 38,558,- ward of $3,000,000,000. The followin; table 371. The following table shows the popula-shows the increase from 1860 to 1870: |