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greatest credit is due for the success with which their efforts have been crowned.

The skilled workmen of the country were then in the employ of private corporations, and most of the work was necessarily given to the bank-note companies, they possessing the greatest facilities for the prompt execution of contracts. Gradually, however, the Government became its own printer, and to day the major part of the work is done in the Treasury by Government employes.

DISTINCTIVE PAPER.

One of the sources of weakness in the printing of securities was found to be the facility with which the paper on which the securities were printed could be obtained by counterfeiters; and to afford the greatest protection against fraud an act was passed authorizing the making of a special kind of material known as "distinctive paper, be used exclusively by the Government. All of the current notes, fractional currency, bonds, and stamps are printed on this kind of paper.

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sheet is registered as soon as it is manufactured.

As soon as the paper is transferred to the care of the superintendent a report is made by the manufacturer and another by the superintendent, stating the date, size of paper delivered, number of sheets, and for what it is to be used. These reports are forwarded to the Secretary of the Treasury, and are examined and recorded in the currency division, where the accounts are kept of all paper of this character used for Treasury purposes. The accounts of this office relating to paper embrace every variety used in printing Government securities, and reach every distinct class of issues by denomination; so that any information relating to paper or printed money can be obtained by reference to the records. This system serves as a check also upon the manufacturer, the superintendent, the express companies as forwarders, the bank-note companies in New York and Washington, Carpenter & Co., Philadelphia, and the Bureau of Engraving and Printing in the Treasury, so far as paper and printing are concerned; and in the matter of paper after it is printed-when it becomes money—it forms a check upon the United States Trea

On the adoption of this material the mill in which it is manufactured was placed under the surveillance of the Treasury, which maintains a force of watchmen to guard against tampering with its manufacture. Ansurer, Register of the Treasury, and Comagent of the Treasury is in charge as super-take each sheet of the paper as soon as it is intendent, who receives the paper from the manufacturer as soon as it is made, and stores or forwards it as directed. Every pre

caution is taken to prevent the loss of paper, and none but those employed are allowed access to the grounds. The mills are at Glen Falls, West Chester, Pa. In the manufacture of this "distinctive paper" short

pieces of red silk are mixed with the pulp in an engine, and the finished material is conducted to a wire without passing through any screens which might retain the silk threads. By an arrangement above the wire cloth a shower of short pieces of fine blue silk thread is dropped carefully upon the paper while it is being formed. The lower side, on which the blue silk is deposited, is the one used for the back of the notes, and from the manner in which the threads are applied must show them more distinctly than the upper side, although they are embedded deep enough to remain fixed. Each

missioner of Internal Revenue. The accounts

manufactured, follows it through the various offices and processes of printing to its issue circulation, to its final destruction by the as money, and also, after redemption from Secretary of the Treasury. The success with which these accounts have been kept is evident from the fact that, while the printing and deliveries of money have run into

the billions, it has been done without the

loss of a cent to the Government by fraudulent issues or otherwise.

ADDITIONAL PRECAUTION AGAINST FRAUD.

The printing is principally done in the Treasury, but a portion of the work on each note is done outside. This is to avoid the possibility of fraud by combination, which might be possible if all the work was performed in one building or by one company or establishment. In the printing bureau of the Treasury the checks adopted against the possibility of fraud are also of the most elab

orate kind, and apparently they are amply sufficient to prevent either mistake or loss. After the securities receive the finishing touch in the printing bureau they are delivered to the Treasurer if money, to the Register if bonds, and to the Commissioner of Internal Revenue if stamps. Sheets spoiled in printing or otherwise imperfect are deliv-ever, allowed to remain in this state fortyered to the division of currency of the Secretary's office. This completes the work, and the money, bonds, and stamps are then placed in the vaults of the various offices designated for issue when needed, except the spoiled imprints, which are counted and destroyed by a committee appointed for that

of the lots prepared to be destroyed is delivered to this committee, who check off each lot as it is thrown into a large boiler which, when filled, is sealed up, and the chemicals previously thrown in acted upon by a flow of steam and water, produces decomposition and reduces the paper to a pulp. It is, how

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notes.

After this count each note is cut in two through the center, put up in duplicate packages of perhaps $4,000, and cancelled by the punching of holes in each stack of half These are then delivered, one half to the Register and the other end or half to the Secretary's office-the upper or left half of each greenback, and the right halves of fractional currency going to the Register, while the opposite ends are sent to the Secretary. Each note is then examined and counted in

these two offices, making three counts in all, and if errors are found the Treasurer's office rectifies them. After this the duplicate lots are delivered to a committee of four, one representing the Secretary, the second the Register, a third the Treasurer, and the fourth the people generally. When internal revenue stamps are to be destroyed another agent is added for that office. A schedule

These

eight hours, when the seal is broken, the pulp examined, and certificates of destruction are signed by the committee. certificates are sent to the Treasurer, Register, Comptroller, and Secretary, and form the vouchers of these officers in the settlement of their accounts.

The printing, issue, and redemption of internal revenue stamps, bonds, and national bank notes are carried on with very little variation, as herein indicated. Nothing has been left undone that was deemed necessary to render the obligations of the Government of every form as safe to the people as it is possible to render them; and on reflection it will be admitted that the checks and guards are so numerous, and so well arrauged, that it is almost impossible that any "irregularity" can occur without immediate detection.

THE "FIRST" VOTE.-Some half a million young Republicans have arrived at the age of manhood since the last Presidential election, and will cast their first Presidential vote in November next. Mr. Hayes will have the entire lot. He is "young in years and younger in spirit," and the magnetism of youth will attract to him the full first vote. With the vote will come the youthful enthusiasm of each, with the will to work for victory.

OUR CANDIDATES. The foremost of the candidates is a man of plain, unobtrusive manners, unimpeachable honesty, keen intelligence, and robust common sense. The second place on the ticket has been given to one whose ability as a legislator and whose influence as a clear-headed, far-seeing statesman are worthy of the noblest era of our history and the highest standards of our public life. The Convention has given the Republican party a ticket and a platform on which it can and must win.

A WARNING TO THE SOUTH.

that their character may be known and passed upon by the people.

The Southern Democracy have combined together for the purpose of "keeping down" the colored citizens, while in all other parts of the country discrimination on account of color has long since passed away. If the settlement of the question of the South is delayed it will become graver and more complicated. Rebels are .in Congress, and some of them had been members of the rebel Congress. How they got into the Congress of the Union must be made known. A true history of what was done to secure

startling reading. Wives and children of colored citizens, terrified by the appearance at midnight of White Leaguers, masked but well-known, demanding and taking away the husband and father to mutilate with cruel whippings or shoot in the woods; Republi. cans intimidated and ordered to leave; and before the Centennial, and continued since. this is in the year of the Lord 1875, the year A contemporary says:

If the ex-Confederates of the Southern States imagine that they are to divert the issues of the coming campaign for the Presidency, and so hide the monstrous injustice perpetrated against Republicans within their borders, they are greatly mistaken. The political condition of the South must be made known to the entire people of the United States, that they may see what has been the result of the rebellion and its settlement by a costly war. Democratic intolerance can no longer be a hidden cancer on the body politic, spreading to the destruction of Republicanism, to the prevention of peace, to the elimination of the principles of freedom the appearance of their election would be from the constitutions of the Southern States. When the war was over the Republican party desired to reconstruct the South on a basis in accord with the new condition of society and its political welfare. At first the rebel Democracy held sullenly aloof, and would do nothing to aid the cause. But while abstinence from interference was an open pretense, it was soon discovered that the rebel element had been industriously at work founding Ku-Klux Klans, White Leagues, and the White Man's party, every member of which was a rebel, oath-bound to intimidate or murder Republicans. It will not be enough to show how far the South has receded from progress under the blighting, blasting influence of Democratic rule. It will not be enough even to exhibit a nominally free South, with freedom guaranteed by the Constitution of the Union, but practically a South with serfdom prevailing and all the legislation necessary to deprive the colored citizens of the benefits of education and the right to labor where and for whom they please. The disloyal men responsible for this condition of affairs must be pointed out and held up to the bar of public opinion. Instead of the ignominious sight of rebels who had escaped the halter through amnesty arraigning the nation in Congress for the acts of the Republican party in saving the Union which amnestied rebels had sought to destroy, the ignominy must be made to rest on the heads of rebels and other Democrats who have taken part in that arraignment,

are doubtless watching with great interest "The unhappy Republicans of the South the political horizon. They have proved steadfast to the principles of the Republican party, often sacrificing their lives by hunbrighter day, when they will feel secure in dreds, and have longed for the coming of a their lives and property."

That this language should be true of any class of our citizens at this day is a scandal and a shame. That the victims live under the glorious old flag with the stars and stripes, of which we are so proud that we cannot help boasting of it, is an anomaly and an outrage that needs explanation. But when we say that there exists in the South "an organized hypocrisy," composed of rebel Confederate Democrats 'who have their representatives in Washington, claiming to legislate on behalf of the Nation, and who thrive on their disloyalty, everything is explained-from the intimidation and murder of white and black Republicans down to the presence of the men unpunished in halls of the National Legislature.

Let the South take warning in time. Republicans, be true to your principles; but

above all things combine and hold together. of loyal American citizens be sent with By voting rightly and certainly-not one Rutherford B. Hayes as President and ballot left uncast, and watching against William A. Wheeler as Vice President, fit fraud and injustice to make it known-the and proper men to represent the great Repower of the Democratic ex-Confederacy in publican party in the country and to the the South will be broken and a Congress world at large.

EDUCATION IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

In addition to the distinctive principles mercy, as opposed to wrong-doing, and love which characterize the two great parties, of country second only to love to God. This there are certain acts and hopes which it is the education that the Republican party seems natural to expect from each, but has provided that the State should give; and which in reality widen the gulf between it shuts off the policy of the Romish hierthem. For instance, no one would expect archy, which aims at sectarian instruction at to find in the rank and file of the Democrats the public cost, and makes the Papal church a love of education; such a refined sense of and the Papacy paramount to the duty of the political honor as would lead them to set citizen to the State; and would subordinate their faces, like a flint, against repeating at the State and the nation to the control of the the polls; and such a reverence for the Con- church. stitution of their country as to grant to all freemen the right of suffrage it guarantees and of equality before the law. Yet the principles of the Republican party have left their beneficent mark on the age so indelibly that a Republican, from the very nature of his political profession, is looked upon as a promoter of education; as a protector of the ballot; as an advocate of the exercise of all the rights which citizenship bestows. Indeed, it is a matter of some question whether a majority of Democrats, native-born or nat-ulation; and as the people spread themselves uralized, know the quality and effect of the latest amendments to the Constitution; for if they had ever considered them in a fair and manly way they would not be arrayed on that side whose interest in politics seems to extend no further than to obtain all the advantages possible without inquiring too deeply as to how they were secured, while denying the claims of others.

The Republican party considers the safety of the Republic to rest upon the free education of its citizens. That is, an education that shall store the mind with that information which shall be useful in man and womanhood; and in awakening the heart and implanting those great moral truths which bear fruit in a life of reverence for the Deity; of integrity in thought and deed, in all intercourse between man and man; and which directs the affection to love of justice and

The principles of the Republican party ut terly reject this kind of sectarian instruction and Republicans hold it as exceedingly pernicious. American citizenship is a proud heritage; and it is prouder still when combined with intelligence and culture, as Republicans will have it. In no other country in the world, since the Republican party came into power, has the subject of education received such attention. In cities and towns the schoolhouse keeps pace with pop

over new territory, even in the remotest, the schoolhouse is one of the first buildings erected. In the Southern States ample provision was made for the education of whites

and of freedmen and their families. Where Republican ascendency has been maintained there the blacks are intelligent and thriving; but even then the South burned school

houses, and when the Democrats there dispossessed the Republican friends of education the school fund was misappropriated, or appropriated insufficiently, and the schoolhouses were deserted.

What Republicans have done in every other locality they are willing and anxious to do in the South. The Southern Democracy were never known to favor any extensive scheme of popular instruction—as witness the poor whites and the slaves. they are less likely to do it now.

And Unless

Republicans undertake the work in the chise, and as the votes of the black men
Bouth it will remain undone, and there will were needed to count, the Democracy either
grow up a dangerous class for which the De-cast the black men's ballots for their friends,
mocracy must be held responsible. The or counted in Democratic candidates without
Republican party conferred freedom on the the trouble of being voted for.
slaves who were loyal, when their masters On the success of the Republican party in
were fighting against the Union; and Repub- November next depends the doing away of
licans were prepared to educate them. The this injustice, and the stopping of these mur-
blacks made wonderful advances while the derous deeds. If the strong arm of the Gov-
opportunity was given them. But the Dem- ernment can reach across the seas to protect
ocratic party saw that if they were educated an American citizen, Republican statesmen
it could not control them; and Southern will devise means to protect the citizens of
Democrats resorted to intimidation or worse the Republic within its own borders, that the
to prevent the colored people being taught. advantages of education and the rights of
The success resulting from these outrages the franchise may be secured for every
led to their application to the black voters citizen in the land, however humble or ob-
intending to exercise the right of the fran- scure.

GENERAL HAYES ON THE CURRENCY QUESTION.

struck a blow from which, says the New York
Times, it never recovered. The victory for
sound money in Ohio defeated the inflation-
ists in Pennsylvania, and has so far prevented
the Democratic House of Representatives from
repudiating the pledge of 1875. Had the con-
test been other than what General Hayes and
the other advocates of hard money made it
innumerable ills might have come upon the
country. At best the uncompromising advo-
cates of honest money have had a long, hard
task in holding the country to its successive
small advances toward resumption. To that
inestimably important end General Hayes
contributed as much as any one man in the
country.

In the Ohio campaign of 1875, General inflation and repudiation movement was Hayes took a decided stand in favor of hard money and an early return to specie payments. The contest was mainly on that issue. The Democratic candidates, Mr. Allen, for Governor, and General Cary, for Lieutenant Governor, opposed the Republican policy of hard money. Governor Allen claimed that the greenback was not only a bond or note of promise to pay money, but that it was money itself "to pay all debts, including United States bonds." General Cary savagely attacked the bondholders and wealthier classes, and appealed to the passions of the ignorant in speeches calculated to deceive and prejudice the popular mind against the Republican policy of specie resumption. Senator Sherman, General Woodford, of New York, Carl Schurz, and General Hayes warned the country against the evils of a fluctuating paper currency. Hayes spoke nearly every evening during the canvass, and his voice was persistently in favor of hard money. A reporter writing from Ohio to the New York Times said: "Hayes meets the money question squarely everywhere. On all sections of American politics. Neither this subject no man in the canvass has been of them has excited violent animosities, and more positive, more manly, or more firm." both of them have done such service to the The result was a victory for Hayes, who was Union and to their party as will secure for elected Governor by a handsome majority them the warmest support of Republicans of over Allen, the Democratic candidate. The all shades of opinion.

NO APOLOGIES TO MAKE.-Personally the Republican nominees have nothing to extenuate or explain, and their public life has been identified neither with the men who have betrayed the trust which the party confided to them, nor with the scandals which have marked the recent history of

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