14. A surveyor finds a field in the form of a rectangle to be 680 ft. long and 330 ft. wide. Find its area without changing feet to rods.

15. A field in the form of a rectangle contains 1200 sq. and the length is 40 rods. Find the width.

rd.

16. How many lots, each 30 ft. by 120 ft., can be made from a plot of ground 120 ft. in depth and containing 10800 sq. ft.? (Make a diagram.)

PLASTERING AND PAINTING

In plastering, painting, and kalsomining, the unit of measure is the square yard.

In some localities an allowance is made for openings and baseboards, but there is no uniform rule in practice. Any allowance should always be specified in the contract.

There are either 50 or 100 laths in a bundle. A bundle of 100 is generally estimated to cover 5 square yards of surface.

Written Work

1. How much will it cost to plaster the walls and ceiling of a store room, 40 ft. by 18 ft. and 12 ft. high, at 6¢ per square yard for lathing, and 18 per square yard for plastering, deducting the area of two doors, each 9 ft. by 4 ft., and of 4 windows, each 61 ft. by 31 ft.?

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2. A building 90 ft. by 24 ft. contains 3 stories, each 13 ft. high. The first story is plastered on the sides and The second and third stories each have 3 windows in the front, each 8 ft. by 31 ft., and 2 windows in the rear, each 8 ft. by 3 ft. Making full allowance for openings, find the cost of plastering the rooms, at 33 per square yard, if the ceilings are sheet iron.

3. In modern business buildings metal laths are used. Estimate the cost of metal laths, for the building in example 2, at 25 per square yard.

4. A store room is 75 feet long, 20 feet wide, and 15 feet from floor to ceiling. It has a door in the rear 7 feet by 3 feet, and a window 8 feet by 3 feet. Estimate the number of bundles of laths, each containing 100, required for the sides, rear, and ceiling of this room, making full allowance for openings.

5. Allowing nothing for openings, how much will it cost to kalsomine the walls and ceiling of a room 20 ft. long, 16 ft. wide, and 12 ft. high, at 6¢ per square yard?

6. Find the cost of painting both sides of a tight board fence, 150 ft. long and 8 ft. high, at 15 per square yard.

ROOFING AND FLOORING

In roofing, tiling, and flooring, the unit of measure is the square of 100 square feet.

Written Work

1. Each of the two slopes of a roof is 60 ft. long and 20 ft. wide. Find the cost of covering them with tar paper at $5.60 per square.

2. The floor of a hallway 30 ft. by 12 ft. is inlaid with 2-inch square tile. Find the number necessary.

3. How many square inches of each slate are exposed?

4. If a 10-inch by 16-inch slate is exposed 4 inches to the weather, find the number of slates necessary to lay a square (10 ft. by 10 ft.).

5. If slate 10 in. by 16 in. is laid 6 in. to the weather, find the number necessary to lay a square. Find the weight of a square of slate at 41 lb. per square foot.

6. Each slope of a roof is 40 ft. by 20 ft. Find the number of slates, 10 in. by 16 in., exposed 4 in. to the weather, required for this roof, allowing nothing for breakage. Find the cost of the slates at $5.50 per square.

There are 250 shingles in a bunch.

Shingles average 16 inches in length and 4 inches in width. The exposed surface of a shingle laid 4 inches to the weather is, therefore, 18 square inches. Without waste 8 shingles will lay one square foot, and 800 shingles will lay 100 square feet or 1 square. Allowing for waste, 4 bunches, or 1000 shingles are estimated to lay a square.

7. Allowing nothing for waste, how many bunches of shingles are required to cover a barn roof 35 ft. in width on each side and 70 ft. in length. Find the cost at $4.00 per thousand shingles.

8. Adding for waste, estimate the cost at $3.50 per thousand of 157 bunches of shingles required to cover the roof in example 7.

Flooring is frequently estimated by the square.

9. How much will it cost, at $5.00 per square, to lay the floor of a hall 30 ft. by 60 ft., adding for waste?

10. Estimate the number of squares of flooring required for two floors of a store room 25 ft. by 60 ft.

PAPERING AND CARPETING

The unit of measure in wall paper is the single roll, which is 8 yards in length and usually 18 inches in width. A double roll is 16 yards in length.

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In approximating the number of rolls, paper hangers generally deduct from the perimeter of the room the width of the doors and windows. The remaining number of feet divided by 11 (18 in. 11 ft.) gives the number of strips required for the surface of the wall. Dividing the total number of strips by the number that can be cut from a double roll gives the number of double rolls required. Fractional parts of a roll are not sold. The ends of the rolls are generally sufficient to paper the surfaces above and below the doors and windows. Border is sold by the linear yard.

Carpet, matting, and border are sold by the linear yard. Oil cloth and linoleum are sold by the linear yard or by the square yard. Ingrain carpets are usually 1 yard wide, other carpets are generally 27 inches wide.

Liberal allowance must be made for loss in matching.

Written Work

1. Estimate the number of double rolls of paper required for a ceiling 18 ft. by 22 ft., strips running lengthwise.

16 yd. = 48 ft.; 48 ft.÷22 ft. = 2, the number of whole strips in a

double roll.

18 ft.÷1 = 12, the number of strips required.

1226, the number of double rolls required.

2. A dining room 15 ft. by 22 ft. is 11 ft. from baseboard to ceiling. It has four openings 31 ft. by 7 ft. Estimate the paper required for it, strips on ceiling running lengthwise.

3. The dining room in problem 2 has a plate rail extending around it between the openings. Find the cost of this rail at 30 per foot.

4. How much carpet 27 in. wide, laid the long way of the room, is required for a room 18 ft. long and 15 ft. wide, allowing 12 in. on each strip except the first for matching?

7 ×

6 yd. = the length of one strip.

27 in. = 23 ft.; and 15 ft. ÷ 24 ft. = 63, therefore

7 = the number of strips.

6 yd. = 42 yd.

6 x 12 in. = 72 in., or 2 yd., the waste on 6 strips.

42 yd. + 2 yd. = 44 yd. of carpet required.

5. Explain why it takes fewer yards of carpet to cover a room 18 ft. by 27 ft. with ingrain carpet (1 yard wide) than with Brussels carpet (27 inches wide). Laying the carpet the long way of the room, how many yards of each would it take, if 10 in. were allowed on each strip, except the first, for matching?

6. The widths of certain floors are 15 ft., 131 ft., 15 ft., 18 ft., 16 ft. Estimate the number of strips of ingrain carpet necessary to cover each room.

7. Estimate the number of strips of Brussels carpet necessary to cover each room described in example 6.

8. Find the cost of covering a kitchen 133 ft. by 12 ft. with linoleum at $1.60 per yard double width, if of a yard is allowed for matching and the linoleum is laid the long way of the room.

9. Estimate the difference in cost between covering a room 18 ft. by 20 ft. with Axminster carpet 27 inches wide, at $1.45 per yard, laid lengthwise, allowing 12 inches on each strip except the first for matching, and covering the room with ingrain carpet at 85 per yard, laid in the same. way, allowing 12 inches on each strip, except the first, for matching.