With these ends in view, attention is invited to the following: 1. The large number of graded problems under each subject and in the reviews. 2. The abundance of exercises for oral drill. 3. The study of problems and processes. 4. The treatment of Fractions, Practical Measurements, and the Comparative Studies in Percentage. 5. The problems arising out of business conditions. 6. The treatment of Promissory Notes, Banking, Commercial Discount, and Exchange according to the actual methods of modern business. The author gratefully acknowledges his indebtedness to many prominent educators and friends for valuable aid, discriminating criticisms, and helpful suggestions. SAMUEL HAMILTON. SCHOOL ARITHMETIC REVIEW OF FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES NOTATION AND NUMERATION A unit is a single thing; as one, one cent, one inch, one dollar. A number is a unit or a collection of units. Notation is a method of writing numbers by means of symbols. Numeration is a method of naming or reading numbers represented by symbols. The Arabic notation by the figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 is the system in common use. The Roman notation, used for certain purposes, employs seven capital letters, I, V, X, L, C, D, and M for the representation of numbers. ARABIC SYSTEM For convenience in reading large numbers, in the Arabic system, the figures are generally separated by commas into groups of three figures each, called periods. The first period, counting from the right, is units; the second, thousands; the third, millions; the fourth, billions; the fifth, trillions; etc. The following table shows the arrangement of these periods, and the three orders of figures in each period: 1 3 4 5 The number in the table is read, 101 trillion, 345 billion, 642 million, 1 thousand, 346. Write: 1. 246 billion, 25 million, 161 thousand, 104. 2. 3. 20 billion, 2 million, 12 thousand, 8. 14 billion, 36 million, 1 thousand, 109. 4. 300 billion, 304 million, 100 thousand, 40. 5. 16 billion, 9 million, 70 thousand, 700. 6. 900 billion, 26 million, 18 thousand, 9. 7. 7 billion, 46 million, 900 thousand, 90. 74 billion, 7 million, 46 thousand, 809. Point off and read: 8. ලට Hundreds Tens - Ones |