requirement that certain words be inserted, mandatory, § 455. VESTED RIGHT – retrospective laws impairing, § 206. when party may have in penalty, § 166. is property as tangible things are, § 480. there is, in an accrued cause of action or defense, § 480. a defense under statute of limitations is, § 480. a title may be so derived, §§ 479, 480. if a contract when made is a nullity it cannot be made good by an act a right of redemption once vested is a property right, § 430. it cannot be annulled by a legislative act, § 480. a husband's right in the property of his wife cannot be divested by sub- VOLUNTARY CONVEYANCES- construction of remedial statute relating to, § 419. VOTER- statutory conditions to right to vote must be complied with, § 459. WAR- in case of civil, exception to statute of limitations admitted, § 424. construction of statutes relative to, § 429. WATER-COURSE — grant of, does not include public ferry, § 379. WIDOW- statutes giving action to, and next of kin for causing death, § 371. WILBERFORCE - his definition of statute law, § 7. WILFUL- meaning in statutes, § 253. WILL- act remedial providing for execution of powers of, by successor of exec- construction of act making void bequest to witness to, § 437. statute providing requisites of, will not be applied to those which have WILL (continued) - construction of, cannot be affected by act passed after death of testator, WITNESSES — exceptions to competency of, restrictive, § 224. construction of statute prohibiting a party as witness as to transaction act remedial that bequest to, in will, void, § 436. WORDS AND PHRASES – to be construed, or altered or supplied, to advance intention of act, may be contracted or expanded for that purpose, §§ 219, 238. general, may be cut down to avoid conflict with settled policy, § 218. when intention ascertained it controls, § 218. particular words may indicate a limited intent, §§ 218, 219. general words in one part may be limited by particular words in another meaning of, in a recent statute will have weight, § 229. in common use, to be taken in their common signification, § 229. where they conflict with each other, their import may be varied to avoid of absolute repeal, may be qualified by context, § 242. 'where they do not directly apply to the particular case, the object of act will determine their sense, § 242. orphan may be shown by context to mean minor, § 242. natural sense of, their literal import, § 245. may be departed from to carry out intention, § 245, 246, 250. general, or clause, may be restricted by evident intention, § 246. do not always extend to every case within them, § 246. inquiry is in what sense they were intended to be used, § 246. may be transposed, § 246. when interpretation clause intended to give particular words another than their natural meaning, strictly construed, § 402. the sense of, modified by context and associated words, § 262. effect of qualifying, §§ 267, 269, 279–281. when general, follow particular words, § 268. "laws sometimes construed by context may mean only written laws," common or popular, understood in a popular sense, §§ 247, 248, 254, 255, 258. extended to all the objects they denote, § 247. unless context shows a different intent, § 247. of two significations of, the popular should have preference, §§ 248, 250. WORDS AND PHRASES (continued) — general should receive general construction, § 249. a statute directing that they be understood according to common usage other rules of equal dignity and importance to give effect to legis- "immediate danger," how qualified by general intent of act, § 251. "or" and "and" construed as interchangeable, § 252. having special or definite sense in common law, understood accordingly, "heir" means one capable of inheriting, § 253. technical words used relative to technical subject, § 254. when not so used, § 254. common, having a technical meaning, presumptively used in popu'ar in penal statute, must be clear evidence of intention to depart from pop- statutory user of, § 255. when used in statutes and construed, and afterwards re-enacted, § 255. meaningless words may be disregarded, § 260. omitted words may be supplied, § 260. wrong words may be corrected, § 260. when descriptive, and essential, must be clear and accurate, § 261. words not to receive narrowest interpretation, even in penal statute, "wife" may be construed "widow" in penal statute in order to effectu- "navigating" may be predicated of a vessel at anchor, § 357. "deserting," not predicable of leaving for cause, § 355. "tickets" do not include due-bill for a debt, § 358. technical words to receive a technical construction, § 346. popular, to be construed according to common acceptation, § 346. "trade" includes a cod fishery, § 356. to "persuade" in a penal statute equal to "aid," § 356. meaning of "prize" and "capture" affected by purpose of act, § 356. "officer" in penal laws against excessive fees does not include one who may be restrained to bring operation of statute within its intention, limited to object and subject-matter of the statute, § 429. WRITTEN LAW- what included, §§ 184, 189. |