AMERIСА.

HISTORICAL, STATISTIC, AND DESCRIPTIVE.

BY

J. S. BUCKINGHAM, ESQ.

IN THREE VOLUMES.

VOL. II.

FISHER, SON, & CO.

Newgate ST. LONDON; RUE ST. HONORÉ, PARIS.

15343,4
us 10048.41, (2),

HARVARD UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

CONTENTS OF VOL. II.

CHAP. I.

Origin of the settlement of Pennsylvania-Parentage and education of

William Penn-Origin of the name of Pennsylvania-Arrival of the first

emigrants in the Delaware-Publication of Penn's first "frame of govern-

ment”—Treaty with the Indians for their lands-First design for the city

of Philadelphia-Penn's return to England - Affectionate farewell to his

settlement-First institution for the education of youth-Penn deprived

of his government by royal warrant-Friendship of John Locke and Lord

Somers - Restoration of Penn to his proprietary government-Illness and

death of Penn-Cessation of the Quaker authority in Pennsylvania-

Declaration of American Independence in Philadelphia-Progress of

Pennsylvania in wealth and population-Description of the State, in

its scenery and resources-Towns, manufactures, and public improve-

ments

CHAP. II.

1

Favourable site or position chosen for the city-Original plan of the founder,

William Penn-Descriptions of the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers--

Arrangement and names of the streets-Style of the private dwellings,

exterior and interior-Shops, hotels, and boarding-houses-Public build-

ings of Philadelphia-Old State House, or Independence Hall—The mer-

chants' exchange and post-office-The banks of Philadelphia as works of

art-Bank of the United States, a copy of the Parthenon-Girard bank

and Philadelphia bank, Corinthian-Mint of the United States-Ionic

temple at Ilissus-University of Philadelphia, origin and progress-

Anatomical museum, and philosophical apparatus-Girard College, origin

and foundation, description of the building by the architect-The water-

works at Fair Mount-Markets of Philadelphia, supplies-The Navy-yard

-Line-of-battle ship, Pennsylvania-View of the city on approaching it

by the river

CHAP. III.

25

Prisons of reformation in Philadelphia-Visit to the prison of Moyamensing

-State and condition of this establishment-Statistics of crime and

disease-Personal inspection of the convicts at their labour-Effects of

solitary confinement without labour-Benefits of solitary confinement

with labour-The Eastern penitentiary, or state prison-Statistics of

crime and disease there-Proportions of natives and foreigners, and

white and coloured races-Churches of Philadelphia, old and new-

Religious sects, and their comparative numbers-Establishments for

education, public and private-Report on the state of education in

Pennsylvania-Philosophical Society, and Athenæum-Historical relics

in the Athenæum-Character of its secretary, Mr. John Vaughan-Charac-

teristic letter of Benjamin Franklin-Tomb of Franklin in Philadelphia—

Epitaph-Philadelphia library-Franklin institute-Academy of sciences

-New museum-Musical-fund hall-Public concerts-Public squares for

promenades-Newspapers-Periodicals-Book stores

CHAP. IV.

50

Manufactures, trade, and commerce of Philadelphia-Municipal government,

mayor, aldermen-Select and common councils-Legislation-Population,

gradual increase from 1790-Proportion of white and coloured races—

Proportion of males and females in each-Proportion of deaths to the

whole numbers-Classes of society, aristocracy of birth and wealth-

Middle class of general society-Dinner from the bar to the bench of

Pennsylvania-General appearance of the inhabitants-Manners of Phila-

delphia society-Wretched condition of some labouring classes—Indivi-

dual cases of extreme distress-Decline in the spirit of benevolence—

Attributable to increasing wealth-Suggestion of a self-taxing society

-Instances of munificent legacies-Contrast of the living and the

dying....
76

CHAP. V.

Anti-abolition riot at Philadelphia-Opening of Pennsylvania Hall-Attack

of the mob on the building-Demolition of the hall by fire-Statements

of the public prints-Additional facts from private sources-Continued

acts of riot and disorder-Public meeting of the firemen of Philadelphia

-Apathy and tardiness of the public authorities-Opinions of the leading

journals-Proclamations of the Mayor and Governor-Attempt of the

mob on a printing-office-Arrest of one of the rioters of "respect-

able family"-Letter of David Paul Brown, the barrister-Wholesome

"Thoughts upon Recent Events.".........

CHAP. VI.

92

Benevolent institutions of Philadelphia-School for the instruction of the

blind-Munificent bequest of an Englishman--Description of the insti-

tution, and pupils-Proficiency in geography and music-Publication of

the Blind Students Magazine-Effects' produced by this excellent work—

Remarkable improvement of an idiot-Specimens of composition by the

blind-Asylum for the deaf and dumb-Curious experiments in animal

magnetism-Utility of the discoveries growing out of it-Production of

certain dreams by magnetic influence-Dramatic effects on the mind of

a dumb boy-Equally remarkable influence on young girls-Entire change

of character in the conduct of one-Insensibility to pain during the mag-

netic sleep-Remarkable instance of nervous insensibility-Surgical

operation performed without pain- Application of animal magnetism to

surgery-New almshouse of Philadelphia-Beautiful situation of the

building-Extent and completeness of the establishment-Statistics of

the poor and lunatics-Cost of the institution and annual expense-Marine

hospital for seamen-Plan and arrangement of the marine hospital-Sea-

CONTENTS.

men of England and America-Injustice done to the former by taxation

-Superior benefits enjoyed by the latter-Comparison with Greenwich

hospital-Distaste of sailors for inland situations

CHAP. VII.

-

110

History and description of the Pennsylvania Hospital — Statistics of its

patients and cures- Financial resources of the establishment--Treatment

and condition of the insane......

.....

CHAP. VIII.

.... 135

The seaman's friend society-The Magdalen society-Contrast of Europe

and America-Indigent widow's and single women's society-The Phil-

adelphia orphan society-Hospital for the blind and lame-Union benevo-

lent association-Society for promoting Christianity in China-Proposed

new order of Missionaries-Testimony of Ellis's Polynesian researches―

Letter of the Missionaries of Sandwich Islands-Labours of Mr. Gutzlaff

in China-Reference to my proposed voyage round the globe-Theory

of the new order of Missionaries-Healing the sick, and preaching the

gospel-Success hitherto attending this union-Foundation of an ophthal-

mic hospital in China-Testimony of the Chinese who had been cured-

Formation of a general dispensary in China-Suggestion of a medical

Missionary society-Certain benefits of such an institution... ......

CHAP. IX.

146

Visit to the Eastern penitentiary of Philadelphia-Statistics of crime among

its inmates Chief sources of crime, ignorance and intemperance -

English origin of the Pennsylvania system-Prisons of Gloucester, Glas-

gow, and Philadelphia-English, Prussian, Belgian, and French testimony

-Report of Mr. Crawford on the penitentiary system Objections

answered by American authorities-Report to the State legislature of

Pennsylvania-Corrupt picture of society ten years ago-Contrast of

present tranquillity and order—Superior morality of the city of Philadel-

phia-Public discussion of the subject in Massachusetts-Opinions of

the legislature of Ohio-Questions of religious instruction in prisons—

Defects of this at Auburn and Sing-Sing-Superiority of this at the

Philadelphia prison — Advantages of voluntary over coerced reform—

Opinion of Mr. Surgeon, an English writer-Question of comparative

expense in the systems-Disadvantages of prisoners' intercourse at Auburn

-Advantages of prisoners' seclusion at Philadelphia-Concluding testi-

monies of De Toqueville and Crawford...
167

СНАР. Х.

Environs of Philadelphia, and excursions-Wilmington, by the river Dela-

ware-History of the state of Delaware-Population-White and coloured

races- -Agricultural and pastoral wealth-School-fund of the State and

schools-Principal towns of the State-Great canal from the Delaware

to the Chesapeake Cemetery at Laurel Hill near Philadelphia-Inclined

plane of the Great Western rail-road. Village of Manayunk on the

Schuylkill....

190