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AMERIСА.
HISTORICAL, STATISTIC, AND DESCRIPTIVE.
BY
J. S. BUCKINGHAM, ESQ.
IN THREE VOLUMES.
VOL. II.
FISHER, SON, & CO.
Newgate ST. LONDON; RUE ST. HONORÉ, PARIS.
15343,4 us 10048.41, (2),
HARVARD UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
CONTENTS OF VOL. II.
CHAP. I.
Origin of the settlement of Pennsylvania-Parentage and education of
William Penn-Origin of the name of Pennsylvania-Arrival of the first
emigrants in the Delaware-Publication of Penn's first "frame of govern-
ment”—Treaty with the Indians for their lands-First design for the city
of Philadelphia-Penn's return to England - Affectionate farewell to his
settlement-First institution for the education of youth-Penn deprived
of his government by royal warrant-Friendship of John Locke and Lord
Somers - Restoration of Penn to his proprietary government-Illness and
death of Penn-Cessation of the Quaker authority in Pennsylvania-
Declaration of American Independence in Philadelphia-Progress of
Pennsylvania in wealth and population-Description of the State, in
its scenery and resources-Towns, manufactures, and public improve-
ments
CHAP. II.
1
Favourable site or position chosen for the city-Original plan of the founder,
William Penn-Descriptions of the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers--
Arrangement and names of the streets-Style of the private dwellings,
exterior and interior-Shops, hotels, and boarding-houses-Public build-
ings of Philadelphia-Old State House, or Independence Hall—The mer-
chants' exchange and post-office-The banks of Philadelphia as works of
art-Bank of the United States, a copy of the Parthenon-Girard bank
and Philadelphia bank, Corinthian-Mint of the United States-Ionic
temple at Ilissus-University of Philadelphia, origin and progress-
Anatomical museum, and philosophical apparatus-Girard College, origin
and foundation, description of the building by the architect-The water-
works at Fair Mount-Markets of Philadelphia, supplies-The Navy-yard
-Line-of-battle ship, Pennsylvania-View of the city on approaching it
by the river
CHAP. III.
25
Prisons of reformation in Philadelphia-Visit to the prison of Moyamensing
-State and condition of this establishment-Statistics of crime and
disease-Personal inspection of the convicts at their labour-Effects of
solitary confinement without labour-Benefits of solitary confinement
with labour-The Eastern penitentiary, or state prison-Statistics of
crime and disease there-Proportions of natives and foreigners, and
white and coloured races-Churches of Philadelphia, old and new-
Religious sects, and their comparative numbers-Establishments for
education, public and private-Report on the state of education in
Pennsylvania-Philosophical Society, and Athenæum-Historical relics
in the Athenæum-Character of its secretary, Mr. John Vaughan-Charac-
teristic letter of Benjamin Franklin-Tomb of Franklin in Philadelphia—
Epitaph-Philadelphia library-Franklin institute-Academy of sciences
-New museum-Musical-fund hall-Public concerts-Public squares for
promenades-Newspapers-Periodicals-Book stores
CHAP. IV.
50
Manufactures, trade, and commerce of Philadelphia-Municipal government,
mayor, aldermen-Select and common councils-Legislation-Population,
gradual increase from 1790-Proportion of white and coloured races—
Proportion of males and females in each-Proportion of deaths to the
whole numbers-Classes of society, aristocracy of birth and wealth-
Middle class of general society-Dinner from the bar to the bench of
Pennsylvania-General appearance of the inhabitants-Manners of Phila-
delphia society-Wretched condition of some labouring classes—Indivi-
dual cases of extreme distress-Decline in the spirit of benevolence—
Attributable to increasing wealth-Suggestion of a self-taxing society
-Instances of munificent legacies-Contrast of the living and the
dying.... 76
CHAP. V.
Anti-abolition riot at Philadelphia-Opening of Pennsylvania Hall-Attack
of the mob on the building-Demolition of the hall by fire-Statements
of the public prints-Additional facts from private sources-Continued
acts of riot and disorder-Public meeting of the firemen of Philadelphia
-Apathy and tardiness of the public authorities-Opinions of the leading
journals-Proclamations of the Mayor and Governor-Attempt of the
mob on a printing-office-Arrest of one of the rioters of "respect-
able family"-Letter of David Paul Brown, the barrister-Wholesome
"Thoughts upon Recent Events.".........
CHAP. VI.
92
Benevolent institutions of Philadelphia-School for the instruction of the
blind-Munificent bequest of an Englishman--Description of the insti-
tution, and pupils-Proficiency in geography and music-Publication of
the Blind Students Magazine-Effects' produced by this excellent work—
Remarkable improvement of an idiot-Specimens of composition by the
blind-Asylum for the deaf and dumb-Curious experiments in animal
magnetism-Utility of the discoveries growing out of it-Production of
certain dreams by magnetic influence-Dramatic effects on the mind of
a dumb boy-Equally remarkable influence on young girls-Entire change
of character in the conduct of one-Insensibility to pain during the mag-
netic sleep-Remarkable instance of nervous insensibility-Surgical
operation performed without pain- Application of animal magnetism to
surgery-New almshouse of Philadelphia-Beautiful situation of the
building-Extent and completeness of the establishment-Statistics of
the poor and lunatics-Cost of the institution and annual expense-Marine
hospital for seamen-Plan and arrangement of the marine hospital-Sea-
CONTENTS.
men of England and America-Injustice done to the former by taxation
-Superior benefits enjoyed by the latter-Comparison with Greenwich
hospital-Distaste of sailors for inland situations
CHAP. VII.
-
110
History and description of the Pennsylvania Hospital — Statistics of its
patients and cures- Financial resources of the establishment--Treatment
and condition of the insane......
.....
CHAP. VIII.
.... 135
The seaman's friend society-The Magdalen society-Contrast of Europe
and America-Indigent widow's and single women's society-The Phil-
adelphia orphan society-Hospital for the blind and lame-Union benevo-
lent association-Society for promoting Christianity in China-Proposed
new order of Missionaries-Testimony of Ellis's Polynesian researches―
Letter of the Missionaries of Sandwich Islands-Labours of Mr. Gutzlaff
in China-Reference to my proposed voyage round the globe-Theory
of the new order of Missionaries-Healing the sick, and preaching the
gospel-Success hitherto attending this union-Foundation of an ophthal-
mic hospital in China-Testimony of the Chinese who had been cured-
Formation of a general dispensary in China-Suggestion of a medical
Missionary society-Certain benefits of such an institution... ......
CHAP. IX.
146
Visit to the Eastern penitentiary of Philadelphia-Statistics of crime among
its inmates Chief sources of crime, ignorance and intemperance -
English origin of the Pennsylvania system-Prisons of Gloucester, Glas-
gow, and Philadelphia-English, Prussian, Belgian, and French testimony
-Report of Mr. Crawford on the penitentiary system Objections
answered by American authorities-Report to the State legislature of
Pennsylvania-Corrupt picture of society ten years ago-Contrast of
present tranquillity and order—Superior morality of the city of Philadel-
phia-Public discussion of the subject in Massachusetts-Opinions of
the legislature of Ohio-Questions of religious instruction in prisons—
Defects of this at Auburn and Sing-Sing-Superiority of this at the
Philadelphia prison — Advantages of voluntary over coerced reform—
Opinion of Mr. Surgeon, an English writer-Question of comparative
expense in the systems-Disadvantages of prisoners' intercourse at Auburn
-Advantages of prisoners' seclusion at Philadelphia-Concluding testi-
monies of De Toqueville and Crawford... 167
СНАР. Х.
Environs of Philadelphia, and excursions-Wilmington, by the river Dela-
ware-History of the state of Delaware-Population-White and coloured
races- -Agricultural and pastoral wealth-School-fund of the State and
schools-Principal towns of the State-Great canal from the Delaware
to the Chesapeake Cemetery at Laurel Hill near Philadelphia-Inclined
plane of the Great Western rail-road. Village of Manayunk on the
Schuylkill....
190