MULTIPLICATION.

57. 1. If one orange costs 3 cents, what will 4 oranges cost?

2. 3 times 2 apples are how many apples?

3. If there are 3 trees in a row, how many trees in 5 rows?

4. What will 5 tops cost, if 1 top costs 5 cents?

58. Multiplication is the process of finding a number that is a given number of times another number.

59. The Multiplicand is the number multiplied.

60. The Multiplier is the number multiplied by.

61. The result of multiplication is called the Product.

62. The Factors of a product are the numbers which, multiplied together, will produce it.

63. The Sign of Multiplication is an oblique cross, X. means multiplied by or times.

It

Thus 8 x 4 may be read 8 multiplied by 4, when the first is the multiplicand, and 8 times 4 when the first is the multiplier.

PRINCIPLES.-The multiplier must be an Abstract Number. The multiplicand and product must be like numbers.

When both factors are abstract, either may be taken as the multiplier or multiplicand.

Oral.

5. At 10 cents a dozen, what will 8 dozen bananas cost?

6. How many wings have 5 birds?

7. Rose has 8 marbles, and her brother 7 times as many. How many has her brother?

8. If there are 12 plants in 5 rows, how many plants in all ?

9. If a dozen eggs cost 12 cents, what will 10 dozen cost?

10. Eight ten-cent tablets will cost how much?

11. Harry can pick 4 quarts of berries in one day. At the same rate, how many can he pick in 11 days?

12. What will 7 tables cost at $8 each?

13. How many days in 8 school weeks?

14. There are 8 quarts in a peck. How many quarts in 12 pecks?

15. A horse can travel 8 miles an hour, and a man 5 miles an hour. If they start from the same point at the same time, and travel in the same direction, how far from the starting point will the horse be in 9 hours? How far will the man have travelled? How far apart will they be?

16. There are 7 days in a week. How many days in 12 weeks?

17. If a pound of sugar costs 5 cents, what will be the cost of 11 pounds?

18. In the last 10 problems what number must be considered as the multiplier?

19. If Laura can read 12 pages in one day, how many pages can she read in 12 days?

20. At 4 cents each, what will a dozen lead pencils cost?

21. There are 12 inches in a foot. How many inches in a ten-foot pole?

22. At $6 a barrel, what will be the cost of 9 barrels of flour?

23. How many corners have eleven squares?

24. What will be the cost of 4 yards of ribbon at 10 cents a yard?

SOLUTION.

We first write the multiplier under the multiplicand, and begin at the right to multiply. 5 times 6 units are 30 units, which

Multiplicand 476
Multiplier

Product

5

2380

are 3 tens and 0 units. We place the O under the units. The 3 tens are to be added with the tens' product. 5 times 7 tens are 35 tens the 3 tens are 38 tens, which are 3 hundreds and 8 tens. Place the 8 tens

under the tens, the 3 hundreds to be added to the hundreds' product. 5 times 4 hundreds are 20 hundreds + the 3 hundreds are 23 hundreds, which are 2 thousands and 3 hundreds. We place the 3 hundreds under the hundreds and the 2 thousands in the thousands' place. Product, 2380.

NOTE. In multiplying United States money place the decimal point in the product as many places to the left as it is in the multiplicand.

62. Find the cost of 10 books, when one book costs

$1.375.

63. If I earn $12.75 in one week, how much do I earn in 9 weeks?

64. What will be the cost of 12 yards of carpeting at $1.08 a yard?

65. If there are 144 pens in a box, how many pens in 11 boxes?

66. How many bushels of apples will four orchards produce, if there are 84 trees in each orchard, and the average yield is 10 bushels to a tree?

67. Find the product, when the multiplicand is 1872 and the multiplier 12.

68. In one mile there are 5280 feet. How many feet in 6 miles ?