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7. Mention the fixed points in the Chronology of the Acts of the Apostles, according to which the dates of other events recorded must be regulated. Discuss the evidence for a second imprisonment of St Paul at Rome.

8. How many times does St Paul appear, from his own language, to have visited Corinth, and on what occasions? State the arguments in support of your opinion. Give some account of the Agape of the Primitive Church.

9. Ηλθε δὲ εἰς ἡμᾶς καὶ Γαΐου λογιωτάτου ἀνδρὸς διάλογος, ἐπὶ Ῥώμης κατὰ Ζεφυρῖνον πρὸς Πρόκλον τῆς κατα Φρύγας αἱρέσεως ὑπερμαχοῦντα κεκινημένος· ἐν ᾧ τῶν δι ̓ ἐναντίας τὴν περὶ τὸ συντάττειν καινὰς γραφὰς προπέτειαν τε καὶ τόλμαν ἐπιστομίζων, τῶν τοῦ ἱεροῦ ἀποστόλου δεκατριῶν μόνων ἐπιστολῶν μνημονεύει, τὴν πρὸς ̔Εβραίους μὴ συναριθμήσας ταῖς λοιπαῖς· ἐπεὶ καὶ εἰς δεῦρο παρὰ Ῥωμαίων τισὶν οὐ νομίζεται τοῦ ἀποστόλου τυγχάνειν.

EUSEB. Hist. Eccl. vI. 20.

Translate this. How long was it before the Epistle to the Hebrews was generally received as St Paul's in the Western Church? Point out its coincidences with his acknowledged Epistles in substance and diction. What evidence is there for or against this Epistle in the Fragment on the Canon published by Muratori?

10. Give the substance of the addresses to the vii churches of Asia Minor in the Apocalypse; and from these and other internal evidence deduce the date of its composition.

11. Enumerate the principal forms of quotation from the Old Testament in the New. Is there any class of quotations which agrees more closely than others with the Hebrew text? Give any remarkable instances of variation from it, and shew how they may have arisen.

12. Durior lectio præferatur ei, qua posita, oratio suaviter leniterque fluit. Durior est autem lectio elliptica, Hebraizans, solœca, &c.

Canones Griesbach. Quote examples of the application of this Canon to New Testament criticism.

I. TRANSLATE the following passages, adding short explanatory notes: Beginning, (α) Ἐν δὲ τῷ λαλῆσαι ἐρωτᾷ αὐτὸν Φαρισαῖος, κ.τ.λ. Ending, ἐκζητηθήσεται ἀπὸ τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης.—Luke xi. 37–51. On what other occasion did our Lord utter similar denunciations? and with what variations?

Beginning, (β) Ὅτε δὲ ἦλθεν Κηφᾶς εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν, κ.τ.λ. Ending, ἔργων νόμου οὐ δικαιωθήσεται πᾶσα σάρξ.—Gal. ii. 11—16. What is Chrysostom's interpretation of the above passage?

5-9.

Beginning, (γ) Οὐ γὰρ ἀγγέλοις ὑπέταξεν τὴν οἰκουμένην, κ.τ.λ.
Ending, ὅπως χάριτι θεοῦ ὑπὲρ παντὸς γεύσηται θανάτου.—Heb. ii.

Give an analysis of the first five chapters of the Epistle to the Hebrews.

II. (1) “There is such a thing as a peculiar word or phrase clearing as it were to the memory of a writer or speaker, and presenting itself to his utterance at every turn."

PALET.

Illustrate this remark from the writings of St John and St Paul.

(2) Mention some peculiarities of phraseology common to the Pastoral Epistles.

III. Punctuate and translate:

(α) Τολμᾷ τις ὑμῶν πρᾶγμα ἔχων πρὸς τὸν ἕτερον κρίνεσθαι ἐπὶ τῶν ἀδίκων καὶ οὐχὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἁγίων ἢ οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι οἱ ἅγιοι τὸν κόσμον κρινοῦσιν καὶ εἰ ἐν ὑμῖν κρίνεται ὁ κόσμος ἀνάξιοί ἐστε κριτηρίων ἐλαχί στων οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι ἀγγέλους κρινοῦμεν μήτιγε βιωτικὰ βιωτικὰ μὲν οὖν κριτήρια ἐὰν ἔχητε τοὺς ἐξουθενημένους ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ τούτους καθίζετε.

(β) Η δοκεῖτε ὅτι κενῶς ἡ γραφὴ λέγει πρὸς φθόνον ἐπιποθεῖ τὸ πνεῦμα ὃ κατώκησεν ἐν ἡμῖν μείζονα δὲ δίδωσι χάριν.

IV. Ὁ ἡμέτερος Κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς εἶπεν, Εν οἷς ἂν ὑμᾶς καταλάβω, ἐν τούτοις καὶ κρινῶ.

JUSTIN MARTYR.

Can you remember any words of our Lord, recorded in the New Testament, which agree in substance with this quotation?

V. (1) Trace the Hellenistic usage of the following words, giving illustrations of their different meanings as much as possible from the Greek Testament and the Septuagint:

εὐχαριστία—κοινωνία-πληροφορεῖν—πρόθεσις—συμβιβάζειν—περισ

σόςβλασφημία.

(2) Distinguish accurately:

Ἰουδαῖος, Ἑβραῖος, Ἰσραηλίτης, Ελληνιστής—φρονεῖν, νοεῖν—παιδεία, κόλασις, τιμωρία-λατρεία, θρησκεία, εὐσέβεια-διδαχὴ, διδασκαλία —χρηστὸς, ἄγαθος, καλός.

(3) Explain and illustrate the peculiar usage of the prepositions in the following passages:

(α) πᾶς ὃς ἂν ὁμολογήσῃ ἐν ἐμοὶ ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων, καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ὁμολογήσει ἐν αὐτῷ ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀγγέλων τοῦ Θεοῦ.

πίστιν.

(β) οὐχ ὅτι ἱκανοί ἐσμεν λογίσασθαί τι ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν ὡς ἐξ αὐτῶν. (γ) δικαιοσύνη Θεοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ ἀποκαλύπτεται ἐκ πίστεως εἰς

(4) Describe the situation of Cæsarea, Cæsarea Philippi, Gaza, and Damascus, mentioning any events with which they are connected in the Scriptures.

VI. Retranslate into GREEK:

(1) He that is washed needeth not save to wash his feet, but is clean every whit.

(2) We being many are one bread, and one body, for we are all partakers of that one bread.

(3) Faith, if it hath not works, is dead, being alone.

(4) We have a more sure word of prophecy...knowing this first, that no prophecy of the Scripture is of any private interpretation.

(5) Et cum aperuisset sigillum septimum, factum est silentium in cœlo quasi media hora: et vidi septem angelos stantes in conspectu Dei, et datæ sunt illis septem tubæ : et alius angelus venit et stetit ante altare habens turibulum aureum, et data sunt illi incensa multa, ut daret orationibus sanctorum omnium super altare aureum quod est ante thronum.

EXAMINATION FOR UNDERGRADUATES' PRIZE.

November 15, 1855.

I. (1) WHAT do you understand by an 'apocryphal' writing, as distinguished from the 'canonical' books of the New Testament?

(2) Give some account of the life and opinions of Marcion. When did he live? Why is he an important witness to the early recognition of a Canon of the New Testament, and to the principle on which it was' formed?

(3) In what way did the persecutions in the reign of Diocletian contribute to the settlement of the Canon?

II. (1) Translate and explain the following passage from Origen:

Νυνὶ δὲ δηλονότι πολλὴ γέγονεν ἡ τῶν ἀντιγράφων διαφορά, εἴτε ἀπὸ ῥαθυμίας τινῶν γραφέων, εἴτε ἀπὸ τόλμης τινῶν μοχθηρᾶς τῆς διορθώσεως τῶν γραφομένων, εἴτε καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν τὰ ἑαυτοῖς δοκοῦντα ἐν τῇ διορθώσει προστιθέντων ἢ ἀφαιρούντων.

(2) What explanation may be given of the origin of such various readings as the following?

μόνια.

(α) Luke ix. 49, ἐκβάλλοντα τὰ δαιμόνια for ἐκβάλλοντα δαι

(β) 1 Thess. ii. 7, ἐγενήθημεν νήπιοι for ἐγενήθημεν ἤπιοι.

(γ) 1 Pet. ii. 3, εἴπερ ἐγεύσασθε ὅτι Χριστὸς ὁ Κύριος for εἴπερ ἐγ. ὅτι χρηστὸς ὁ Κύριος.

(8) 1 Tim. iii. 16, Oeòs for ös, or vice versa.

ΙΙΙ. (1) Τί οὖν ὁ νόμος; τῶν παραβάσεων χάριν προσετέθη. Gal. iii. 19.

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On the word роσетéon, Tischendorf has the following critical note: "πρoσeteoη (Gb') c AB (e sil.) CD*** EJK_al ut vdtr longe pl syr utr (addita est) al? Thdrt Dam Thph Oec (Aug proposita est)...Gb SZ ETεOŋ C D* FG al5 (vg it al pplat pl posita est) Clem Or Eus.”

Translate this note into plain English, without symbols and abbrevia

tions.

Give a more particular explanation of the symbols 'B (e sil.)' and syr utr.'

(2) What evidence is there for the existence in Africa of a Latin translation of the New Testament older than any now extant? How do you account for its currency in Africa rather than Italy? What books of the New Testament did it probably include? When and by whom was it revised?

IV. (1) Give some account of the history of the first printed and the first published editions of the Greek Testament, with dates. Describe the general character of their texts.

(2) What is the origin of the term "Textus Receptus"? On what text is it mainly founded?

(3) Mention the principal critical editions of the Greek Testament which have appeared since the year 1700, pointing out the leading characteristics of each, and the respective contributions of their editors to the progress of Biblical Criticism.

V. (1) Οἱ γὰρ Ἀπόστολοι ἐν τοῖς γενομένοις ὑπ ̓ αὐτῶν ἀπομνη μονεύμασιν, ἃ καλεῖται εὐαγγέλια, οὕτως παρέδωκαν.—JUSTIN MARTYR. How do you reconcile this statement with the fact that two of the four gospels bear the names of men who were not Apostles?

(2) State clearly the hypotheses which have been framed to account for the coincidences of the first three gospels.

(3) What different views have been propounded respecting the relation of the fourth gospel to the other three?

VI. (1) Classify St Paul's Epistles according to (1) their probable dates; (2) the general character of their contents.

(2) On what grounds has it been argued that some of St Paul's letters have been lost?

(3) State the chief arguments for and against the identity of James and Jude, the brethren of the Lord, with the Apostles so named.

(4) How has the partial reception of the Apocalypse in the early Church been explained?

1. TRANSLATE into GREEK:

(37) O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that killest the prophets, and stonest them which are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings, and ye would not! (38) Behold, your house is left unto you desolate. (39) For I say unto you, Ye shall not see me henceforth, till ye shall say, Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord.

Which of the prophets are here referred to? What is the fulfilment of the prophecy in ver. 39? Illustrate it from other passages of the New Testament.

2. Translate, with explanations of any words which appear to you to require it:

Beginning, Καὶ ἤρξατο αὐτοῖς ἐν παραβολαῖς λαλεῖν, κ.τ.λ. Ending, καὶ δώσει τὸν ἀμπελῶνα ἄλλοις. Distinguish between a parable and an allegory. general rules for the interpretation of parables? gelists is this parable recorded?

3. Explain the words:

Can you lay down any By which of the Evan

Ἰδοὺ οὗτος κεῖται εἰς πτῶσιν καὶ ἀνάστασιν πολλῶν ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ εἰς σημεῖον ἀντιλεγόμενον· καὶ σοῦ δὲ αὐτῆς τὴν ψυχὴν διελεύσεται ῥομφαία, ὅπως ἂν ἀποκαλυφθῶσιν ἐκ πολλῶν καρδιῶν διαλογισμοί.

By whom and when were they uttered?

4. Translate accurately:

Beginning, Ὡς δὲ ὀψία ἐγένετο, κατέβησαν οἱ μαθηταὶ, κ.τ.λ.
Ending, πλοῖον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς εἰς ἣν ὑπῆγον.

St John usually speaks of "the Jews" as the opponents of our Lord, whereas in the other Gospels the Pharisees, Scribes, &c., appear in this character. What explanation can you give of the difference? Shew from passages in St John's Gospel that the assertion that he exhibits ignorance of the real state of feeling, on the part of the common people, towards our Lord, is false.

5. Translate:

(1) Ὑμεῖς ἐστὲ οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν προφητῶν καὶ τῆς διαθήκης ἧς διέθετο ὁ θεὸς πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας ὑμῶν, λέγων πρὸς Ἀβραὰμ Καὶ ἐν τῷ σπέρματί σου ἐνευλογηθήσονται πᾶσαι αἱ πατριαὶ τῆς γῆς. ὑμῖν πρῶτον ἀναστήσας ὁ θεὸς τὸν παῖδα αὐτοῦ ἀπέστειλεν αὐτὸν εὐλογοῦντα ὑμᾶς ἐν τῷ ἀποστρέφειν ἕκαστον ἀπὸ τῶν πονηριῶν ὑμῶν.

Whose words are these ? What would τὸν παῖδα αὐτοῦ correspond to in the Old Testament? Where else does the Greek expression occur? Where is the promise made to Abraham quoted by St Paul, and for what purpose?

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