that could be made would be to begin work in design after all the principles of color had been taught. Step by step each advance in the knowledge of color should be followed by practice in putting the knowledge to use.

In conclusion, I can only urge that the teaching of color in the schools be conducted on a sound psychological basis. It is much easier to teach important laws in color than to waste time over nothings or to teach actual untruths. Proper equipment for good work will cost no more than is now wasted. There are, however, two great difficulties in the way. The first is the lack of proper training on the part of the teachers, the other is the lack of proper color materials. To aid in removing this latter objection, I am at present preparing a set of model materials which, when finished, will be placed at the disposal of such persons as wish to inspect them. The former difficulty will never be removed till efficient psychological instruction is introduced into the Normal Schools.

E. W. SCRIPTURE

YALE UNIVERSITY,

NEW HAVEN, CONN.

VI

BROTHER AZARIAS

S

Of Tacitus, the Roman historian, it is related that on the occasion of Agricola's death, he comforted the bereaved family by recalling to their minds the noble deeds and wise sayings of the dead hero; and he entreated them to contemplate his intellectual and moral portrait, thus outlined, rather than to spend their time in gazing on his statue in marble or bronze. "For," said he, "marble and bronze are perishable, but the great qualities of the soul are everlasting." To many since Agricola's death can this noble tribute be justly paid, but to none more deservedly than to the gentle scholar whose moral and intellectual portrait is but faintly outlined in this brief sketch.

The simple story of Brother Azarias' life is soon told. Patrick Francis Mullany, known to the religious, literary, and educational world of two continents as Brother Azarias, was born in Ireland in 1847. He came to this country when a child, and at the age of fifteen entered the novitiate of the Brothers of the Christian Schools. In 1866 he was appointed professor of mathematics and English literature at Rock Hill College in Maryland, where his brilliant mental qualities soon attracted the attention of his superiors, who thereafter afforded him every opportunity for study and intellectual improvement. In 1877 he went to Europe. There in a short time his studious habits made him as familiar a figure in the Bibliothèque Nationale and the British Museum as he was later in the Astor Library. While abroad his scholarly pursuits brought him into the company of many of the literary and intellectual leaders of France and England, the most distinguished of whom was Cardinal Newman. Returning to America, he was made president of Rock Hill College in 1879, and held the position until 1886, when he went abroad once

more. This time however it was in search of health, which the exacting duties of a college presidency, combined with his ceaseless labors as a student and writer, had well-nigh shattered. During the next three years, spent in Italy, France, and England, he gave himself little time to restore his wasted energies, and the libraries of Milan, Florence, and Rome became as well. known to him as were those of Paris, London, and New York. In 1889 he was appointed professor of English literature in the De la Salle Institute, New York City, which position he held until his death.

Brother Azarias was one of the founders and trustees of the Catholic Summer School of America, in which institution he was a member of the Board of Studies, and also held the office of Moderator. At its first session in New London in 1892, he was one of its lecturers. In July, 1893, he delivered a course of five lectures, entitled "Educational Epochs," before the same body at Plattsburgh. These were the last lectures he delivered; for at their conclusion he contracted the illness. which ended his life. Never of a robust constitution, and weakened by years of severe study and unremitting labor, he had little or no reserve of physical strength to resist an insidious attack of pneumonia. He was removed to the Hotel Champlain, where he lingered for several days. Lying on his bed, and conscious to the last, he could see from his window the limpid waters of Lake Champlain rippling against the broad acres of fertile meadow and picturesque woodland, the home of the Catholic Summer School of America, with whose success his name will be hereafter inseparably connected. He died on August 20. His funeral obsequies were celebrated in St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York, and seldom has that magnificent temple held a more notable gathering of ecclesiastics, teachers, and writers, both Catholic and Protestant, than those who on that day had come together to pay their last tribute to the humble Christian Brother, whose educational labors and researches had won for him from foreign critics a reputation for scholarship in his chosen field that was second to none in America.