CONTENTS.

HISTORY OF EUROPE.

CHAPTER I.

COMPLAINTS of the Agricultural Interest-Remedies proposed, and Lan-

guage held at their Meetings-Conduct of the Nobility-Nature and ex-

tent of the Agricultural Distress-Union of the Grenvilles with the Ministry

-Clamours on that Subject-Resignation of Lord Sidmouth, who is suc-

ceeded by Mr. Peel-Administration of Ireland-Effect of placing the

Government of Ireland in the hands of the friends of the Catholics-Pro-

ceedings in Dublin-State of Munster-Various outrages in the County of

Cork-Engagements between the Insurgents and the Military in the month

of January-State of Kerry, Tipperary, Limerick, Kilkenny, &c.-

Symptoms of disturbance in Leinster and Ulster-Fundamental causes of

the evils existing in Ireland.

[1

CHAPTER II.

Opening of Parliament-King's Speech-Address voted in the House of

Lords Speeches of Lord Lansdown and Lord Liverpool-Address moved

in the House of Commons-Amendments proposed by Sir Francis Burdett

and Mr. Hume-Debates on these Amendments-Measures proposed with

respect to Ireland-Provisions of the Insurrection Act-Suspension of the

Habeas Corpus Act in Ireland-Grounds on which these Measures were

brought forward-The objections made to them-Debates in the House of

Commons on these Measures-Amendments proposed by Mr. S. Rice and

Mr. Denman-Debates on these Bills in the House of Lords-Amendment

proposed by Lord King-Indemnity to those who had seized Arms or Gun-

powder-Severe Restrictions on the Importation, Possession, or Sale of

Fire-arms and Gun-powder-Exertions of the Irish Government-State of

Ireland under the Operation of the new Acts-Convictions and Executions

under the Special Commission and at the Assizes-Partial diminution of

the Outrages-Different Classes of Persons who engaged in these Outrages

-The Operation of Tithes and Taxes in producing the Irish Outrages

much over-rated-Oppression by the abuse of local Rates and Assessments

-The Smugglers and illicit Distillers probably concerned in promoting the

Disturbances.
[16

CHAPTER III.

Famine in Connaught and Munster-Comparative tranquillity of the Country

-The causes of the sudden appearance of the Famine, and of its being

confined to particular districts-Measures adopted by Parliament and by

the Irish Government, for the mitigation of the Famine-General Contri-

butions and Subscriptions in London, and every part of England-Appli-

cation of the Subscriptions to relieve the Distress-Appropriation of the

Surplus-Renewal of the Insurrection Act-Grounds alleged for the

necessity of this Measure-Objections to it-Provisions of the Constabulary

Act-Debate on this Bill-It is opposed by Mr. C. Grant-Provisions of

the Act concerning Leases of Irish Tithes-Mr. Hume's Motion on Irish

Tithes-Sir John Newport's Amendment-Lord Lansdown's Motion on

the state of Ireland-His views opposed by the Lord Chancellor and Lord

Liverpool-The Disturbances in Munster increase-Changes in the Irish

Magistracy-Anti-Orange Policy of Lord Wellesley-His Unpopularity in

Dublin-He is insulted in the Theatre-Legal Proceedings-Remarks on

Lord Wellesley's Policy.
[33

CHAPTER IV.

Mr. Canning's Bill for the admission of Catholic Peers to the rights of Sitting

and Voting in the House of Lords-Mr. Canning's course of argument in

support of it-The grounds of Mr. Peel's opposition-Mr. Plunkett sup-

ports the Bill-Discussion of the Measure in its subsequent stages in the

House of Commons-Its progress in the Lords-Opposed by Lord

Colchester-The Lord Chancellor exposes the fallacy of the grounds on

which the merits of the Measure had been placed by Mr. Canning, and its

advocates-Course of Lord Grey's Argument-Lord Liverpool's Speech-

The Bill is rejected-Remarks on the confined Position in which the

Patrons of the Measure placed themselves, and the unsatisfactory course of

argument into which they were thereby driven-Remarks on the Measure

itself Lord John Russell's Motion on Parliamentary Reform-Topics em-

ployed by him-Mr. Canning's Speech-Mr. Brougham's Motion on the

Influence of the Crown-Rejection of the Bill for Dividing the County of

York with respect to the Election of County Members-Lord A. Hamil

ton's Plan of Scotch Burgh Reform-The Lord Advocate's Bill for the Re-

gulation of the Expenditure of Scotch Burghs.

[56

CHAPTER V.

Sir James Mackintosh's Motion respecting the Criminal Law; Opposed by

the Attorney General-Law to extend the Punishment of Hard Labour-

The severity of the Laws increased against Receivers of Stolen Securities

for Money, Manslaughter, &c.-Mr. Martin's Bill against the Improper

Treatment of Cattle-Alterations in the Bankrupt Laws-New Marriage

Act; totally altered in the House of Lords; difference of the Principle of

the Bill as passed by the Commons, and of the Bill as it finally passed;

keen Opposition to it in the House of Lords-Alteration of the Law rela-

tive to the Composition of Scotch Juries-Mr. Abercromby's Motion for

inquiry into the Conduct of the Law Officers of the Crown in Scotland,

with respect to the Public Press-Nature of the Charges against the Lord

Advocate-His Defence-Letters of Mr. Hope and Mr. Menzies, on the

Subject of Mr. Abercromby's Charges-These Letters Voted to be a Breach

of Privilege Subsequent Proceedings towards Mr. Hope and Mr.

Menzies-Remarks on this Affair.
[82

CHAPTER VI.

Agricultural Distresses-Mr. Brougham's Motion for relieving them by a

diminution of Taxes-The Plans proposed by Government for their Relief

-Revival of the Agricultural Committee-Different Schemes proposed for

a new system of Corn Laws-Lord Londonderry abandons the Scheme for a

Loan to the Agricultural Interest-Different Schemes of Corn Laws, pro-

posed by Sir T. Lethbridge, Mr. Bennet, Lord Althorp, Mr. Huskisson and

Mr. Ricardo, rejected-Scheme proposed by Lord Londonderry adopted-

Mr. Western's Motion on the Currency; views of Mr. Huskisson and Mr.

Attwood on that Subject—Mr. Western renews his Motion-State of our

Manufactures-Five Acts passed for the Improvement of our Navigation

Laws-Negotiation with the East India Company-Fees of Consuls. [98

CHAPTER VII.

Finance-Reduction of the Navy 5 per Cents-Mr. Vansittart's plan for that

purpose-Objections to it-Scheme for the payment of the Naval and

Military Pensions, and Half-pay, and Civil Superannuations-True nature

of the Scheme-Delusion of Mr. Vansittart with respect to it-Debates on

it-Mr. Hume's Amendment rejected-The Scheme is approved by Par-

liament-Fails for want of Contractors-It is re-modelled by Ministers

and carried into effect-Scheme for the Reduction of Salaries, and the

Creation of a Superannuation Fund-Repeal of the Annual Malt Duty-

Mr. Calcraft's Motion for the repeal of the Salt-tax lost by a Majority of

Four-The Two junior Lords of the Admiralty reduced by a Majority of

Fifty-four-Two Motions for the Reduction of One of the Two Postmasters

General The Second Motion carried by a Majority of Fifteen-Mr.

Creevey's Motion on the Board of Control is rejected-Two Motions on

our Diplomatic Expenditure are rejected-Further Reduction of Taxes-

The Salt Tax-Leather Tax-Tonnage Duty-Irish Window and Hearth

Tax-Estimates-Budget of the Year-Mr. Hume's Resolutions relative

to our Financial System-Vote for the Printing of our Ancient Historians.

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CHAPTER VIII.

Foreign Relations-Question of Interference in behalf of the Greeks-Lord

Grosvenor's Motion concerning the Sciote Hostages-Lord Liverpool's ac-

count of our Policy towards the Turks and Greeks-Our relations to the

States of South America-The Slave Trade-Slavery at the Cape of Good

Hope-West-Indian Piracy-Alien Bill-The Ionian Islands-Bills

relating to the Trade and Government of Canada-Colonial Commission--

Report of the Commissioners on the Colony of New South Wales.

CHAPTER IX.

[157

Motions respecting Sir Robert Wilson's Dismissal-The Queen's Funeral-

Mr. Hunt's Imprisonment-The Conduct of the Bishop of Peterborough-

Prorogation of Parliament, and Speech from the Throne-His Majesty's

Visit to Scotland-Death of Lord Londonderry-His Funeral-His

Character-Mr. Canning succeeds him-Other Official Appointments-

Foreign Stocks.

CHAPTER X.

[177

FRANCE-Opening of the Session of the Chambers in November 1821-

Budget for 1822-Anti-Ministerial Address to the King voted by the

Chamber of Deputies-Opposition of the Ministers to this Address-

King's Answer-Resignation of the Duc de Richelieu and his Colleagues-

New and Ultra-Royalist Ministry-Causes of the downfall of the late

Ministry-Various Discussions in the Chamber of Deputies-M. de

Peyronnet brings forward a Law for regulating Journals and Periodical

Writings-Mode in which the proposal of this Law was received-Remarks

on its Nature-Law for the General Regulation of the Press-Character of

the Debates on these Laws in the Chamber of Deputies-Talleyrand's

Speech against them-They are passed by large Majorities-Opening of a

new Session of the Chambers in June 1822-Estimated Budget for 1823-

Debates on Commercial Policy, on the internal Police of the Country, and

on the Policy of France towards Spain-Remarkable Language held by the

Minister for Foreign Affairs on the Subject of Spain-Remarks on the con-

duct of the Opposition in the Chamber of Deputies during the present year

-Internal disturbances-Conspiracies at Saumur and Belfort-Caron's

Conspiracy-Conspiracies at Toulon, Rochefort, Brest, and Nantes-

General Berton's Conspiracy; its origin and progress; it breaks out at

Thouars; Berton marches upon Saumur; his failure-Trial of Berton

and his Associates-Circumstances connected with this Trial; attempt to

implicate some eminent Members of the Opposition in Berton's projects;

punishment of an Advocate for refusing to defend Berton-Conspiracy of

La Rochelle-Its alleged Connection with the System of the Carbonari;

its Origin; its Discovery; Trial of the Conspirators-Remarks on these

Trials-Numerous and Intemperate Prosecutions for Offences of the Press

-Violent jealousy of the French Ministry-Tumults in Paris-Changes

in the Subordinate Functionaries-New Elections of Deputies--Congress

of Verona-Subjects of Discussion at the Congress-Results of the Con-

gress-The conduct of France towards Spain-Difference of views between

M. de Montmorency and M. de Villèle-Resignation of M. de Montmo-

rency-Note of M. de Villèle to the French Ambassador at Madrid. [187

CHAPTER XI.

Kingdom of the NETHERLANDS-Agricultural distress-Proceedings of the

States-general-Military Expedition in Sumatra-Commerce of the Eas-

tern Colonies of the Netherlands- -GERMANY: Prohibitory Commercial

System towards France adopted by Bavaria, Wirtemburg, &c.---German

West-Indian Company-Circular of the Court of Vienna to the Members

of the German Confederation-Secret Societies-Prussian Loan-RUSSIA:

Symptoms of Political Fermentation in Poland-Russian Army-Suppres-

sion of Secret Societies-New Tariff-New Loan-Scheme for preventing

the Evils of occasional Dearths-Siberia-Russian Pretensions on the

North-Western Coast of America.

[222

CHAPTER XII.

SPAIN State of Spain in the beginning of the year-Submission of Cadiz

and the other refractory Cities-Resignation of the Ministers-Barcelona

-Valencia-The Cortes-Discussions on the relations between Spain and

South America-Tumults-Dissolution of the Extraordinary Cortes-New

Ministry-Opening of the New Cortes-Budget of the Year-Disturbances

at Pampeluna, Madrid, Lorca, Valencia-Accusatory Address of the

Cortes to the King-Decrees showing a jealousy of France-Prorogation of

the Cortes-Disturbances in Madrid-Assassination of Landaburu-

Mutiny of the Guards-Their Defeat-Negotiations with the King-Final

surrender of the Guards-Revolt of the Carabineers at Cordova-Plot at

Cadiz-Address of the Municipality of Madrid to the King-Appointment

of an ultra-liberal Ministry-Banishments-Trial and Execution of Elio---

Remarks on this Proceeding-The Armies of the Faith-Their progress in

Navarre, Catalonia, and Arragon-Establishment of a Regency at Seo

d'Urgel-Situation of the Armies of the Faith in the beginning of Sep-

tember-Mina is appointed to Command in Catalonia-Operations of

Mina and D'Eroles-Castelfollit taken by the Constitutionalists and

destroyed-Quesada Defeated-O'Donnel's Proclamation— Mina enters

Puycerda and Llivia-Flight of the Regency of Urgel-Siege of Seo

d'Urgel-Progress made in the interior Provinces in the Suppression of

Insurrection-Convocation and Opening of an Extraordinary Cortes-

Revival of popular Clubs-Law to regulate them-Report on the State of

Spain-Measures adopted with a view to the Resistance of Foreign

Aggression-Arbitrary Punishments and Prosecutions for Political

[231

Offences.

CHAPTER XIII.

PORTUGAL-State of the Relations between Portugal and the Brazils-

Decrees of the Cortes ordering separate Provincial Governments to be

Established, and the Prince to return to Europe-Addresses to the Prince

from Santo Paulo, and the Camara of Rio Janeiro-The Prince determines

to remain in the Brazils-Opposition of the Portuguese Troops-They are

embarked for Europe-The Portuguese Troops are sent away from Per-

nambuco-Decree of the 16th of February, creating a Council of Repre-

sentatives-New Title assumed by the Prince Regent-Council of Repre-

sentatives assembles-Declaration of Brazilian Sovereignty, and Convoca-

tion of a Constituent and Legislative Assembly--Formal Declaration of

Independence-The Prince is declared Emperor of Brazil-The Portuguese

Troops at Bahia retain Military Possession of that Place-Transactions at

Bahia-The Garrison of Monte Video adhere to Portugal-Three succes-

sive Sets of Resolutions adopted by the Cortes of Lisbon in reference to

three different Stages in the Course of Affairs in the Brazils-The Consti-

tution completed and sworn to by the King at Lisbon-The Queen refuses

to take the Oath to the Constitution-Harsh Proceedings towards her-

Termination of the Constituent Cortes-Arbitrary Imprisonments-

Alleged Conspiracy-Symptoms of Discontent among the Garrison of

Lisbon
[258

CHAPTER XIV.

ITALY-NAPLES-SARDINIA-IONIAN ISLANDS-TURKEY-Death of Ali

Pacha-Greek Constitution-Blockade declared by the Greek Congress-

Military Operations in Albania and the Morea-Naval Operations-

Devastation of Scio, and Murder of the Hostages-Disaster of the Turkish

Fleet, and Death of the Capitan Pasha-Turkish Cruelties in Cyprus-

Negotiations with Russia-The Turkish Troops withdrawn from Wallachia

and Moldavia-Insurrections of the Janissaries-Dismissal and Death of

Haleb Effendi and his Party-Origin and Progress of the Persian War—

Morocco

[270

CHAPTER XV.

THE UNITED STATES-Their Recognition of the South American Govern-

ments-The Canadian Boundary settled-Award of the Emperor of